英美国家概况20道选择题讲解.doc

20道选择题讲解

全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answer to the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)

英国部分·1-20

1. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth?

A. Members of nations are joined together politically.

B. The Commonwealth has special powers.

C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.

D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.

答案：【D】

【翻译】英联邦是一个自由的组织，成员大多是英国早前的殖民地国家，现都已独立。

2. Under_ ，the feudal system in England was completely established.

A. King Alfred B. Henry II

C. Edward I D. William the Conqueror

答案：【D】

【翻译】在威廉的统治下，英国的封建制度彻底建立起来。

【解说】在英国漫长的历史当中，1066年，诺曼征服可谓是重彩的一笔。1066年十月十四日，黑斯庭战役后，来自法国（诺曼公爵）威廉登陆英格兰称王。King Edward死后，四人争霸以威廉William the Conqueror的胜出而结束。

3. The cause of the Hundred Years' War was_ .

A. territorial

B. economic

C. partly territorial and partly economic

D. partly territorial and partly religious

答案：【C】
【翻译】英法百年战争的起因有二，一是英国在法国的领地争端；二是经济原因。
【解说】在1337年到1453年近百年的时间里，英国和法国之间进行了无数次的交战，由于战争断断续续的进行了百年之久，因此得名“英法百年战争”。最后法国取得了胜利，英国手中仅占领法国Calais加莱港。“圣女贞德”Joan of Arc是此次战争中，法国的女英雄。带领法国人民取得了最后的胜利。

4. Which of the following is NOT true about the Anglo-Saxons?

A. They were regarded as ferocious(凶残的) people.

B. They established the manorial system.

C. They divided the country into different shires.

D. Their tribes were seldom at war with one another.

答案：【D】

【翻译】Anglo-Saxon人是凶残的条顿(Teutonic Tribes)民族，在英国建立了庄园制和郡县制。

【解说】Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people, constantly quarrelling, they laid the foundations of the English state. They divided the country into shires. They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued until the agricultural revolution in the 18th century. They also established the manorial system and the Witan.

5. As a result of the Black Death, .

A. much land was left untended and there was a shortage of labour

B. landowners tended to change from sheep-farming to arable-farming

C. the government did not show much concern about the labour shortage

D. the government took several measures to raise the peasants' wages

答案：【A】

【翻译】黑死病的一个影响是，田地无人耕种，劳动力短缺。

【解说】Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century, particularly in 1347-1350. It killed between one half and one third of the population of England.

6. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in _ .

A. 1035 B. 1042

C. 1066 D. 1606

答案：【C】

【翻译】诺曼征服发生在1066年。

【解说】When Edward the Confessor was on his dead-bed, four men laid claim to the English throne, the King of Norway (Hardrada), the Duke of Normandy (William), and two brothers (Tostig, and Harold) of Edward's Queen, Edith. When Edward died, the Witan chose Harold as king. Hardrada and Tostig were defeated by Harold and both were killed. Thus left Harold and William, to combat. And, on Oct. 14, 1066 the two armies clashed in a hard fought battle on Sebkac Field, near Hastings. William won the battle with his cavalry, the finest fighting hoursemen in Europe. Anglo-Saxon England perished with Harold's death. William entered London, and on Christmas Day, he was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by Archbishop of York.

7. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Wars of the Roses?

A. Feudalism received its death-blow.

B. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.

C. The king's power became supreme.

D. Ordinary people were greatly affected.

答案：【D】

【翻译】玫瑰战争导致的结果是，给英国封建制度以致命打击；中世纪的贵族势力得到了削弱；国王享有至高无上的权利。战事并没有殃及百姓。

【解说】 金雀花王朝 The Plantagenet Family，战争的双方是金雀花王朝的两大家族，the House of Lancaster（红） and the House of York（白）。战争开始于1455年，Henry VI (1422-1461) 执政时开始，约克家族Edward IV执政（1461-1483）至Henry VII，Lancaster家族的亨利七世为止。建立了都铎王朝。

8. In terms of press, are directed at readers who want full information on a wide range of public matters.

A. quality newspapers B. tabloids

C. popular newspapers D. mid-market newspapers

答案：【A】p.161

【翻译】对出版行业而言，严肃类报纸的目的读者是那些希望得到广泛题材的公共信息的人群。

【解说】 英国的报纸分为三类：严肃类、中间市场类和小报。National newpapers are divided into 3 groups: quality, popular and mid-market papers on the basis of differences in style and content.

9. was the transitional period between the Middle Ages and Modern Times.

A. The Hundred Years' War B. Renaissance

C. The Wars of the Roses D. The English Civil War

答案：【B】p.48

【翻译】文艺复兴时期指的是在中世纪和现代之间的过渡时期。

【解说】英国的文艺复兴时期相比欧洲其他国家，要来的晚一些。时间大约开始在Henry VIII结束玫瑰战争，铎王朝开始为起点。Renaissance was a transitional period between the Middle Ages and modern times, covering the years c1350-c1650.

10. The English Civil War is also called _ .

A. the Puritan Revolution B. the Chartist Movement

C. the Wars of the Roses D. the Hundred Years' War

答案：【A】

【翻译】英国内战也叫做清教徒革命。

【解说】 英国内战/The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, because the King (Charles I, 1600-1649)'s opponents were mainly Puritan, and his supporters chiefly Episcopalian (主教徒) and Catholic（天主教徒）.

11. In December 1653,by an Instrument of Government, _ became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England.

A. Richard I B. Oliver Cromwell

C. Charles B D. James II

答案：【B】

【翻译】克伦威尔成为英国的护国公。

【解说】1649年，英国国王Charles I (查理一世)被处死刑(Nov. 30, 1648) 后一年，克伦威尔打败了Charles I 之子Charles II，并联合议会宣布成立共和国。并在1653年，自己选择了新议会成员后，宣布自己为 Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England。

12. Two of the most famous literary works of the late 17th century were _ .

A. Hamlet and Paradise Lost

B. Pilgrim s Progress and Paradise Lost

C. Paradise Lost and Shepherd's Calendar

D. Romeo and Juliet and Shepherd's Calendar

答案：【B】p.59

【翻译】17世纪的英国，两部最著名的文学作品分别是：《天路历程》（约翰·班杨）和《失乐园》（约翰·弥尔顿）

【解说】本小节是第四章的最后一节，讲述英国历史上重要的一段历史。那就是在Cromwell（1658）死后，共和国（Commonwealth，1649-1660）走向灭亡，以及随后不久发生在1688年的光荣革命。

13. The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of .

A. economic penetration（经济渗透） B. territorial aggression

C. cultural expansion D. military invasion

答案：【D】p.76

【翻译】英国于1600年建立英国东印度公司，意在对印度进行经济渗透。

【解说】1857年兵变(mutiny). After the mutiny, the control of India passed to Brithish Crown in 1858, and Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1877.

14. One of the most far-reaching consequences of World War II was that .

A. the British Empire became much stronger

B. the British Empire began to disintegrate

C. the British colonialists stepped up their expansion

D. Britain entered a period of economic and financial prosperity

答案：【B】p.84

【翻译】第二次世界大战的一个意义深远的结果就是，加速了英帝国的崩溃和灭亡。

【解说】20世纪最重要的事件，即两次世界大战。对加剧英国的毁灭起着非常重大的作用。

15. Which of the following is NOT true about the British monarchy?

A. It is the oldest institution of government.

B. It goes back to at least the 9th century.

C. It has maintained the continuity over the past thousand years.

D. It seems that it enjoys no real power today.

答案：【C】p.107

【翻译】在过去的1000年时间里，君主制一直作为世界上最古老的政体在英国的历史中代代相传，很少有变故发生，仅仅在1649到1660年时，有过一段短暂的共和国时期。

16. In Britain, a parliament has a maximum duration of years.

A. 3 B. 4

C. 5 D. 6

答案：【C】p.110

【翻译】在英国，一届议会最长任期不超过5年。但是在通常情况下，大选是在任期结束之前进行。

【解说】上议院（贵族议院）；下议院（平民议院）

17. British colonial expansion began with _ .

A. the establishment of the British East India Company in 1600

B. the settlement of the Dutch East India Company at Cape Town in 1652

C. the occupation of Chinese Hong Kong in 1841

D. the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583

答案：【D】

【翻译】英国的殖民扩张开始于1583年对Newfoundland的征服。

【解说】伊丽莎白时期（1558-1603）

18. Many of Britain's public schools have gained a reputation for _ .

A. low academic standards and snobbery

B. exclusiveness and short history

C. average academic standards, exclusiveness, and short history

D. high academic standards, exclusiveness, and snobbery

答案：【D】p.158

【翻译】多数英国的公学都以学术标准高、独一无二和势利眼而闻名。

19. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from _ .

A. the 10th and 11th century B. the 12th century

C. the 12th and 13th century D. the 13th century

答案：【C】

【翻译】牛津大学和剑桥大学的历史可以上溯到12、13世纪。

【解说】The universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13th centuries, and the Scottish universities of St. Andrew, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh from the 14th and 15th centuries. All the other universities in Britain were founded in the 19th and 20th centuries.

20. In Britain, formally appoints important government ministers, judges,etc.

A. the Queen

B. the Prime Minister

C. the Lord President of the Council

D. the Speaker of the House of Commons

答案：【A】

【翻译】英国女王还拥有正式任命国家重要公务员的权利，这些人包括政府官员和法官等等。

【解说】英国的君主制可以上溯至9世纪，延续了一千年的时间。中间，仅在1649年到1660年Cromwell时期有过短暂的共和-"Commonwealth"。