HND-人力outcome3.doc

Introduction
This report introduce the management’s main activities and duties, objective measurements of management effectiveness, analysis the behavior theory, leadership style and how to improve the leadership. The management need to formulate the useful policies and provide the flexible working conditions for the staffs.
1 Managerial duties and roles
Management is the leader of the company,they need to do many thing for the company.Such as making decisions and organisational objectives,Acquiring and allocating resources in the way to obtain the most output through limited input and Creating an effective knowledge-sharing system.
Making decisions and organisational objectives means that according to the different decisions.In early 1980s,the Tang’s Clothing Ltd formulate ‘less than less’ concept,because people want the cheapest price.The second half of the 1980s,with the increasing income level and a strong desire for a higher living standard,The Tang’s Clothing Ltd successfully introduced a series of fashionable clothing products under the brand ‘Half Moon’.In 1980’s,the Tang’s Clothing Ltd management make the right decisions and the Tang’s Clothing Ltd company development very fast and have their own style.
Acquiring and allocating resources in the way to obtain the most output through limited input means that the management should arrange the resources more reasonable.Brian Tang does not arrange the resources reasonable.He formulate the policy that all new design should be approved by him before being put into production.This policy limited the designers creating.So control the resources of the firm stronger,the staff can not working flexible.
Creating an effective Knowledge-sharing system means that the company should encourage the Staff communication with each others.Brian Tang does not creating the system and he does not encourage the staff communication with each others.
The management play an important role in the company:the interpersonal roles ,the informational roles and the decisional roles.
The interpersonal roles is that mainly related to people both inside and outside the organisation,including being a leader,liaison and figurehead.A leader need to be responsible for the motivation of subordinates and staff training and associated duties.Brian Tang does not provide the training for the staff and flexible working condition for staff.So Brian Tang need to provide the training and flexible working condition for staff.
The informational roles means that involve receiving,searching for,acquiring and disseminating Information including monitor,disseminator and spokesperson.Monitor need to seeks and receive wide variety of internal and external information to develop through.Disseminator need to transmits information received from outside or from subordinates.But Brian Tang does not encourage staff communication with each others.The firm keep development,need the staff communication with each others and they will learn something in other staffs.So they can make the best design.So Brian Tang should encourage the staff communication with each others and share information.
The decisional roles concerning decision making and managing changes.The four decisional roles include resources allocator,disturbance handler negotiator and entrepreneur.Entrepreneur need to searches organisation and its environment. In the early 1980s, the Tang’s Clothing Ltd formulate the ‘less for less’ concept, because the people want to cheapest price. It is the right decision. As for making policing, Brian Tang formulate that all the design should be approved by him to put into production. This the bad decision making. Because the staff need the flexible working condition and have the power to decision the design.
2 Measuring Management Effectiveness
Management effectiveness are divide into internal effectiveness and external effectiveness.
Internal effectiveness include:member’s loyalty to the organisation,level of staff acceptance of the organisation’s goals and so on.External effectiveness include:Market position(market share)Customer satisfaction and so on.
Member’s loyalty to the organisation is that the staffs hope to stay in the firm and try their best to make contribution.In Tang’s Clothing Ltd,Brian Tang does not care about staff in working time and he formulate the policy will limit the staff’s idea.And he does not encourage creating and communication.So the important staffs are leave Tang’s Clothing Ltd and loin sharon’s company.So Brian Tang‘s management effectiveness are low.
As for customer satisfaction,it means that the customer satisfy your products or not .Brian Tang does not encourage creating and formulate the policy that all new designs should be approved by him before being put into production.It limit the designers creating and ideas.But Sharon give the power of decision in work time for staff and she encourage staffs communication with each other and creating.So many clients are cooperation with Sharon’s company.
Management effectiveness can help the Tang’s Clothing Ltd to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of a manager’s approach and offer insights for improvement.
Searches organisation and its environment for opportunities and initiates important projects to bring about changes.

3.Behavioral Theories of Leadership
Behavioral Theories attempted to identify and explain the behavioral choices behind effective leadership. The two dimensional of leader behavior are people and task. If the leader hope to have the high profit, he need to focus on people and task. Because high concern for people, can motivation people work hard. And concern for task. It means that the leader need to use the scientific and effective management.
Concern for people focuses on building up and maintaining healthy relationships. The leader concentrates on motivating and encouraging staff and promoting rust, support and cooperation within the organisation.
Concern for task emphasizes leader’s role in talking charge to plan, organise and control as employees or subordinates do their job. The focus is on accomplishing the task or jobs.
Ohio state studies identified two dimensions of leader behavior as: initiating structure(concern for task) and consideration(concern for people). The result is that leaders with both high initiating structure and high consideration generally achieved high work performance and staff satisfaction.
As for university of Michigan Studies, it also identified two dimensions of leader behavior as: employee oriented(concern for people) and production oriented(concern for task). The findings of the studies reveal that employee oriented leaders more possibly lead to high group productivity and high job satisfaction.
Brian Tang doesn’t concentrates on motivating and encouraging staff and promoting trust, support and cooperation. He formulate the policy limited the staff creating ideas and he never care about their ideas and feelings in the workplace. So he is the low concern for people. But Sharon not only pay attention to the task but also pay attention to people. Sharon provide the flexible working condition for staffs and she give the power of decision for staffs. So Sharon’ s management effective are better than Brian Tang’s management effective. So Brian Tang need to provide the flexible working condition for staffs and give the power of making decisions in working time for staffs.

4.Contingency Theories of Leadership
The Fiedler contingency model is that determines leadership style by measuring responses to pairs of contrasting adjectives.
The first step is that model is to identify a person’s leadership style. High score is a relationship-oriented leadership style. And low score is that a task-oriented leadership style. Brian Tang is belong to the low-score leadership style. He doesn’t provide the flexible working conditions for staffs and doesn’t care about the staffs idea. As for Sharon, she belong to the high-score. She provide the flexible working conditions, even though the designer can work at home. And she give the power of making decisions in work time for designers.
The second step is to evaluate and define the work situation. It divide into three parts: first is the leader-member relations, second is task structure and third is position power. Leader-member relation is the amount of trust, respect and confidence followers have in their leaders. Task structure is the degree, to which the job is structure or procedurised. As for position power, it means the degree of influence a leader has over power variables such as promotion, salary increase, hiring, firing and discipline. In Tang’s Clothing Ltd, leader-member relations are not very good. Because Brian Tang pay attention to the task structure and he doesn’t care about the staffs in the work time. He formulate the policy that all new designs should be approve by him before put into production. This policy limit the designers creating and influence the staff’s satisfaction for the company. As for power, Brian Tang have the own power, he doesn’t give the power for the staffs that they can make the decisions for their job. But on the contrary, Sharon’ s company have the great relationship between leader and staffs. Sharon provide the flexible working condition for staffs and she give the power of decision for staffs.
The third step is to match the leadership style with the work situation. So Brian Tang’s leadership style is poor leader-member relations, high task structure and weak position power. And Sharon is good leader-member relations, high task structure and strong position power. Brian Tang need to provide the flexible working condition for staffs and give them the power to make decision for their job, the most important is he should be care about his staffs.

5 Improving Leadership

Exploitive authoritative divide into three parts: management uses fear and threats, communication is top down with most decisions taken at the top and superiors and subordinates are distant.

In this type of management system, the job of employees is to abide by the decisions made by managers and those with a higher status than them in the organisation. And the subordinates do not participate in the decision making. The organisation is concerned simply about completing the work and there is no teamwork involved. In Tang’s Clothing Ltd, Brian Tang doesn’t give the power of making decision for the staffs. And he formulate the policy that all new designs should be approve by him before put into production, this policy limit the designers create design and ideas. So the designers doesn’t like to work. So Brian Tang’s exploitive authoritative is Theory X, it means negative. Theory X have many characteristics such as no trust and confidence in staff, may get results in certain situations and usually creates dissatisfaction and poor quality and quantity. So Brian Tang need to give the power of making decision for the staffs. And according to the market, the designers will create the right and fashion products for customers. So the Tang’s will have high revenue.

As for tight control and loose control, Handy proposed a spectrum, ranging from tight to loose management. Handy identified three basic variables that affect the effectiveness of a particular leadership style, tight of loose control style.

Tight control leaders are described as a person who has a preference for autocratic style with low estimation of follower’s abilities and high estimation of his or her own. Such leaders have a low tolerance of uncertainty.

Loose control leaders are described as a person who has a preference for democratic style with high trust and confidence in followers’ abilities. Such leaders dislike stress and accept reasonable risk and uncertainty.

Brian Tang is the tight control leaders. He doesn’t trust his staffs and provide the flexible working conditions for them. Brian Tang doesn’t encourage teamwork and communication. So the staffs dislike uncertainty in work, tends to obey or accept authority and consider work as trivial. So Brian Tang need to trust his staff, provide the flexible working condition and encourage communication and teamwork.

Conclusion

This report analysis that the management how to improve the leadership. In Exploitive authoritative of management system, the job of employees is to abide by the decisions made by managers and those with a higher status than them in the organisation.

References

SQA，Managing People and Organisation, 4th edition, 2013, China Modern Economic Publishing House

The case study of the Tang’s Clothing Ltd

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