沪教版小学英语语法及练习.pdf

1第第 1 讲讲 改否定句改否定句【知识点】1、句子中有 am/is/are/can 时，直接在后面加 not，其他不变，抄下来；2、句子中没有 am/is/are/can 时，找到动词，在动词前面加 dont/doesnt，其他不变，抄下来。【练习题】1、I am Mike.否定句：_2、This is a pen.否定句：_3、You are a boy.否定句：_4、They can swim.否定句：_5、I like apples.否定句：_6、I am Danny.否定句：_7、This is my ruler.否定句：_8、Those are his robots.否定句：_9、You can go to have a look.否定句：_10、I know his name.否定句：_11、I am a student.否定句：_12、It is an apple.2否定句：_13、They are my books.否定句：_14、I can see a boat.否定句：_15、Stand up.否定句：_16、I am in Grade 3.否定句：_17、She is Yang Ling.否定句：_18、We are teachers.否定句：_19、I can draw a toy car.否定句：_20、Jack speaks English very well.否定句：_3第第 2 讲讲 改一般疑问句改一般疑问句【知识点】1、句子中有 am/is/are/can 时，放句首，其他不变，抄下来。2、句子中没有 am/is/are/can 时，用 Do/Does 放句首，其他不变，抄下来。3、I 变 you，I am 变 Are you。4、标点变问号。肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes，人称+am/is/are/can/do。否定回答：否定回答：No，人称+am/is/are/can/do+not。【练习题】1、I am Mike.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2、This is a pen.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3、You are a boy.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_4、They can swim.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_5、I like apples.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_46、I am Danny.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_7、This is my ruler.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_8、Those are his robots.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_9、You can go to have a look.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_10、I know his name.一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_5第第 3 讲讲 改肯定句改肯定句【知识点】1、一般疑问句改肯定句（1）将句首的 am/is/are/can 放回主语后面，其它照抄，标点改成句号。例如：Is she tall?She is tall.（2）句首是 Do、Does 的，去掉 Do、Does，其它照抄，动词用原形，标点改成句号。如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语也要改为第三人称单数形式。例如：Do you like apples？肯定句：I like apples.2、否定句改肯定句（1）句子中有 am/is/are/can 时，直接把 am/is/are/can 后面的 not 去掉，其他照抄。例如：I cant run.I can run.（2）句子中有 dont 或 doesnt 时，直接去掉 dont 或 doesnt，其他照抄。如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语也要改为第三人称单数形式。例如：Dont shut.Shut.【练习题】1、Isthistallboythin?_2、Areyourearssmall?_3、Can Sarah clean the classroom?_4、Do you like the ducks?_5、Is this the playground?_6、Are you a boy?_7、Can they swim?_8、Does he like the dogs?6_9、I am not a boy._10、Sam isnt sad._11、We arent studying English._12、I cant dance_13、Dont open the pencil-box._14、He doesnt know your name._15、I am not Danny._16、The man isnt walking in the street._17、They arent in the classroom._18、Her mother cant ride a bicycle._19、We dont have lunch at12:00 every day._20、Tom doesnt walk to school._7第第 4 讲讲 缩写形式与完整形式缩写形式与完整形式【知识点】完整形式缩写形式完整形式缩写形式完整形式缩写形式完整形式缩写形式ammissarerenotntI amImhe isheswe arewereis notisntshe isshesyou areyourecan notcantwhat iswhatsthey aretheyredo notdontname isnamesdoes notdoesnt【练习题】1、I am Mike.缩写形式：_2、It is a pen.缩写形式：_3、You are a boy.缩写形式：_4、They can not swim.缩写形式：_5、I do not like apples.缩写形式：_6、I am a student.缩写形式：_7、It is an apple.缩写形式：_8、They are my books.缩写形式：_9、I can not see a boat.缩写形式：_810、Do not stand up.缩写形式：_11、Im Danny.完整形式：_12、Thiss my ruler.完整形式：_13、Thosere his robots.完整形式：_14、You cant go to have a look.完整形式：_15、I dont know his name.完整形式：_16、Im in Grade 3.完整形式：_17、Shes Yang Ling.完整形式：_18、Were teachers.完整形式：_19、I cant draw a toy car.完整形式：_20、Jack doesnt speak English very well.完整形式：_9第第 5 讲讲 主格、宾格、所有格（形容词性物主代词）主格、宾格、所有格（形容词性物主代词）【知识点】1、人称代词主格：在句子开头作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。例如：I am a teacher.You are a student.They are students.2、人称代词宾格：在动词或介词后作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。例如：Give it to me.Lets go.3、物主代词所有格：用在名词前，表示是谁的东西。例如：This is my book.We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。主格宾格所有格（形容词性物主代词）Imemy 我的youyouyour 你的sheherher 她的hehimhis 他的单数ititits 它的weusour 我们的youyouyour 你们的复数theythemtheir 他/她/它们的【练习题】1._（我）am a teacher.2.My father is talking with _（我）3._（他）often plays basketball after school.4._（他的）teacher is good.5._（我们）buy a pair of shoes for_（他）.6.Please pass _（我们）the ball.7._（他们）are listening to the radio.8.This is _（我们）book.That is _（他的）book.9._（他的）chair is blue._（我们的）is yellow.1010._（我们的）classroom is big._（你们的）classroom is small.11._（他）often plays basketball after school.12._（他的）teacher is good.（她的）teacher is good too.13.My book is blue._（you）book is red.14.Our chair is better than _（they）chairs.15.I will give the presents to _（they）11第第 6 讲讲 名词复数变化规则名词复数变化规则【知识点】名词复数变化规则：1、一般情况下，直接加 s。例如：car-cars、bag-bags、book-books2、以 s/x/ch/sh 结尾的单词加 es。例如：class-classes、box-boxes、watch-watches、brush-brushes3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词，变 y 为 i，再加 es。例如：baby-babies、family-families、comedy-comedies（喜剧）4、以元音字母加 y 结尾的单词，直接加 s。例如：boy-boys、day-days、key-keys5、以 f/fe 结尾的单词，变 f/fe 为 v，再加 es例如：leaf-leaves、wolf-wolves、knife-knives“小偷”（thief）的“妻子”（wife）用“刀子”（knife）和“树叶”（leaf）把“狼”（wolf）劈成了两“半”（half）6、以 o 结尾的名词，有生命的加 es，无生命的加 s，以 oo 结尾的加 s。有生命的加 es。例如，potato-potatoes、tomato-potatoes、hero-heroes（英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿）无生命的加 s。例如，photo-photos、radio-radios、piano-pianos。以 oo 结尾的加 s。例如，kangaroo-kangaroos（袋鼠）、zoo-zoos。7、不可数名词没有复数，以原形或/表示。例如：water-/、milk-/、juice-/8、特殊情况例如：am/is-are、I-we、she/he/it-they、my-ourhis/her/its-their、this-these、that-thoseman-men、sheep-sheep、Chinese-Chinese、foot-feet12【练习题】名词变复数birdcardorangewatchladyfamilyrulerphotofriendclassdictionarypartyboygirlcatboxcandystoryIheyouamisarewifetreekeybedherosheepcasequestionleafcasecuppendeskkeyboxknifecardorangeboyfriendparentmotherfathersisterbrothersondaughtercousinpencilchildman13第第 7 讲讲 改复数句改复数句【知识点】对照句子，将句子中的名词和代词改成对应的复数，其他不变，按顺序抄下来即可。例如：She is my friend.They are my friends.I am a girl.We are girls.【练习题】句子单数变复数1.This is a book._2.That is an eraser._3.It is a red apple._4.I am a boy._5.He is a teacher._6.Whats this?_7.I am a tall boy._8.She is a beautiful girl._9.He is a strong man._10.This is a big mouse._11.That is a small fish.14_12.It has a long tooth._13 This is an old dog._14.There is a big peach on the table._15.I can sing a song._16.It is under the table._17.That is a short boy._18.I like the red skateboards._19.That monkey can climb the tree._20.This fox is big._15第第 8 讲讲 就划线部分提问就划线部分提问【知识点】1、根据划线部分找到特殊疑问词放句首，把题目中剩下的部分变成一般疑问句，接在特殊疑问词的后面。2、标点改为问号。特殊疑问词:特殊疑问词内容特殊疑问词内容What什么How much价格，多少钱What colour什么颜色Whatdo会做什么How身体状况Who谁，问人How old几岁，年龄Where在哪儿，地点How many数量，几个Whose谁的，问主人Which哪一个When什么What time几点，问时间Why为什么，问原因【练习题】对划线部分提问1.Thats a bike._2.My name is Lingling._3.This is a map of America._4.Tow and tow is four._5.He likes playing basketball._6.Pandas love bamboo._7.Itssix oclock._8.The bike is black._9.The pen is red._10.Amy is a good girl._11.Lingling likes collecting dolls._12.This is Li Pingsbook._13.My pen is in the box._1614.I live in New York._15.My birthday is November 11._16.I go to school by bike._17.He is twelve._18.The hamburger is four dollars._19.The kite is twenty yuan._20.Two pens are on the desk._21.They are from 191 countries._22.The bridge is 5 kilometers long._23.Im in Class 1._17第第 9 讲讲 be 动词、动词、can、have、has 的用法的用法【知识点】1、be 动词：am、is、are口诀：我用 am，你用 are，is 连着他、她、它。单数用 is，复数用 are。2、can：能、会、可以can+动词原形。3、have、has：有口诀：我有，你有，用 have；他、她、它有用 has。例如：I have/you have/she has/he has/it has【练习题】用 am,is,are 填空I _ a girl.My name _ Mary.I _ 12 years old.Here _ my family photo.Look!These _ my parents and those _ my grandparents.This boy_ my brother.He _ 15 years old now.That _ my cat,Mimi.It _ very lovely.1.I _ Kitty._2.She _ a student.3.My sisters_ tall.4.Jane and Tom _ my friends.5.We _ students.6.They _ in the zoo.7.Yang Ling _ ten years old.8.Sandy is my good friend.He _ _ tall and fat.9.Look at the picture.It _ beautiful.10.This _ my dress.用 have 和 has 填空1.I _ a cat.2.He _ a dog.3.She_ long hair.4.We _ a big house.185.They _ a happy family.6.It _ a short tail。7.You _ a good teacher.8.Jane _ two big eyes.9.Tom _ a red pen.10.My mother _ a beautiful nose.11.I _ a nice puppet.12.He _ a good friend.13.They _some masks.14.We _ some flowers.15.She _ a duck.16.My father _ a new bike.17.Her mother _ a vase.18.Our teacher _ an English book.19.Our teachers_ a basketball.20.Their parents_ some books.