英语构词法省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,构 词 法,-By Miss Liu,第1页,一：构词法分类,1派生词,：词根,(或单词)附加前缀、后缀组成新词叫派生词,rich-enrich home-homeless,2 转换法,：把一个词由一个词类转用为另一个词类,back n.背-back v.支持 slow adj.慢-slow v.减慢,3合成法,：由两个或两个以上单词合成一个单词,blackboard hand-made 手工制作,第2页,语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换。考查不一样词性在句中不一样使用方法，其中主要包括到以下三条：,1.在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语,用副词；,2.在句中作定语、表语或补语,普通用形容词；,3.作主语、及物动词或者介词宾语,用名词。,第3页,派生法,派生法又叫词缀法，即在一个单词前或其后加上词缀，组成新单词。中学英语中以派生法生成词汇占整个中学词汇总量,25,。,第4页,一、前缀,普通说来前缀不会改变一个词词性。,1.,否定前缀,(1)un-,a.un+,形容词：,unfit,unhappy,unfair,unlucky,unfortunate,unkind,unimportant,unnecessary,uncomfortable,unselfish,unusual,uncommon,unexpected,unknown,unthinkable,unbelievable,unseen,unforgettable,unwise,unhealthy,unpleasant,unable,untrue,第5页,b,.un+,副词,：,undoubtedly,unexpectedly,unfortunately,unusually,unhappily,unluckily,由,un,形容词组成词除了,unknown,unseen,unfit,等词之外，其它词都可变为加,-ly,副词（个别形容词尾需要变动）。,c,.un,动词,：,uncover,untie,unlock,undress,undo,unpack,第6页,(2),im,形容词,：,impossible,impolite,(3)in,形容词：,incorrect,incomplete,invisible,independent,(4)ir,形容词：,irregular,(5)mis,动词：,misspell,misunderstand,mistake,第7页,(6)dis-,a.,dis,名词：,dishonour,disease,discomfortb.,dis,形容词：,dishonest,discouragedc.,dis,动词：,disappear,dislike,discover,disclose,disagree,discomfort,dismiss,第8页,2,、表示空间、位置关系前缀,(1)a,，大多加在音节较少名词或不及物动词上组成新词，表示“在,之上、向,、处于,状态”：,ahead,abroad,aside,alive,awake,above,about,等。,(2)fore,，表示“在,前面”：,forehead,foreground,forearm,foreleg(3)in,il,im,ir,表示“向,内 在,内”：,inside,include,import(4)inter,，表示“在,间、相互”：,international(5)intro,，表示“在（向）,内”：,introduce,第9页,(6)out,，表示“向外”：,outside,outlook,outdoors,outflow(7)over,，表示“在上面、在外”：,overhead,overlook,overcoat,overcome,overtime,overgrow(8)pre,，表示“在前”：,prefix,preposition(9)pro,，表示“在（向）前”：,progress,programme(10)sur,，表示“在,上”：,surface,surround,第10页,(11)trans,，表示“转移”：,translate(12)under,，表示“在,下”：,undergraound,underline(13)up,，表示“向上”：,upward,upset,upstairs(14)be,，表示“在，靠近”：,before,behind,below,between,beyond(15)ex,，表示“向外，从,出来”：,exchange,export(16)tele,，表示“远”：,telephone,television,telegram,telegraph,第11页,3,、表示时间、序列关系前缀,(1)fore,，表示“在前，预先”：,foreword,foresight,foretell(2)mid,，表示“中间”：,midnight,midsummer,midautumn(3)post,，表示“在,后”：,postwar,postlistening(4)re,，表示“重复”：,review,retell,rewrite,replace,return,rebuild(5)extra,，表示“格外、超越”：,extraordinary(6)over,，表示“超出”：,overcome,overeat,overpass(7)super,，表示“极、超”：,supermarket,superpower,superman,superpower,第12页,4,、表示共同、相等关系,(1)com,（在,b,m,p,前），,col,，,con,，,cor,（,com,在,g,l,r,及其它辅音前）：,company,cnnect,correct(2)co,：,cooperate,coexist(3)sym,：,sympathy,symphony,第13页,5,、表示整个、完全关系,(1)al,：,alone,almost,altogether(2)over,：,overall,overflow,overfall,第14页,6,、表示“离、离开”,(1)a,：,arise,away,apart(2)de,：,depart,dewater,decolour(3)se,：,separate,select(4)for,：,forget,forgive,第15页,7,、变换词类作用前缀,(1)en,em,：,enable,enlarge,enrich,enclose,empower(2)ad,，,ac,，,af,，,ag,，,an,，,ap,，,ar,，,as,，,at,，（,ad,在,c,f,g,I,n,p,r,s,t,前变体）：,adapt,across,affect,appear,arrange,assist,attend,attract,第16页,8,、表示加强意义,(1)a,：,ashamed,arouse,amuse(2)ad,：,address,admire,advise,advance(3)be,：,belong,believe,第17页,二：派生词,1 常见名词缀,1）动词,+-er/-or,名词,villager teacher actor operator操作员,user performer,2)动词,+,ee,名词（表示“受动者，行动者”）,interviewee,被采访者,trainee,培训生,payee,收（受）款人,employee,第18页,3)-ist,表示“从事,研究者；信 仰主义者”。如：,pianist,钢琴家,scientist,科学家,artist,艺术家,chemist,药剂师,4)-dom 表示,“,等级，领域，状态,”,。如：,freedom自由 kingdom王国 wisdom智慧,第19页,5),以,ent/ant,结尾形容词,-ance/ence结尾名词,violent(violence)distant(distance)present(presence)absent(absence),obedient(obedience)competent(competence)能力,胜任,称职 intelligent(intelligence)智力 confident(confidence)patient(patience),convenient(convenience),elegant(elegance),different(difference),第20页,注意：特殊ent结尾形容词-ency结尾名词,current-currency,fluent-fluency urgent-urgency,frequent-frequency efficient-efficiency,第21页,6),动词+(a)tion/sion名词,express/graduate/impress/devote,-expression/graduation/impression/devotion,persuade/divide/decide/conclude/expand,persuasion/division/decision/conclusion/expansion,admit/permit,admission/permission,observe/consider/transport/determine/organize/invite,observation/consideration/transportation/organization/invitation,第22页,注意：compete/apply/solve/intend,compete-competition,apply-application,solve-solution,intend-intention,第23页,7)动词/形容词+y 名词,injure-injury discover-discovery,recover-recovery deliver-delivery,difficult-difficulty modest-modesty,honest-honesty,注意：safe-safety secure-security,brave-bravery,第24页,8）动词+ment名词,agree-agreement adjust-adjustment,arrange-arrangement manage-management,argue-argument govern-government,acknowledge-acknowledgement,punish-punishment employ-employment,entertain-entertainment,announce-announcement appoint-appointment,embarrass-embarrassment,state-statement,encourage-encouragement,第25页,9）形容词/动词+th 名词,strong-strength wide-width long-length,deep-depth warm-warmth grow-growth,10)形容词+ness名词,kind-kindness happy-happiness,11）动词al结尾名词,arrive-arrival survive-survival,approve-approval propose-proposal,refuse-refusal,第26页,2.常见形容词后缀,1）名词+-ful/-less(意思与原词相反)形容词,care careful careless,power powerful powerless,hope hopeful hopeless,pain painful painless,use useful useless,第27页,2)名词+y 形容词,dust-/dirt-/salt-/wind-/fog-/water-/rain-/sun-/cloud-/taste-,fog-foggy sun-sunny taste-tasty,health-/wealth-,3)名词/动词+-able /-ible 形容词,rely-reliable terror-terrible value-valuable,belief-believable forgive-forgivable,change-changable consider-considerable,comfort-comfortable,第28页,4)名词+al形容词,naturenatural person-personal,nation-national education-educational,5)名词+ly形容词,love-lovely live-lively friend-friendly,dead-deadly week-weekly,第29页,6)动词2个形容词,frighten(frightening/frightened),terrify(terrifying/terrified),amaze (amazing/amazed),astonish(astonishing/astonished),shock(shocking/shocked),surprise(surprising/surprised),puzzle(puzzling/puzzled),disappoint(disappointing/disappointed),excite(exciting/excited),interest(interesting/interested),第30页,3常见副词后缀,1）-ly表示方式或程度。,personal personally 个人地,entire-entirely（注意true-truly）,angry angrily生气地,terrible terribly可怕地,flexible-flexibly possible-possibly,simple-simply probable-probably,第31页,2)-ward（s）朝，向,back backwards 向后 up upwards 向上 out outwards 向外,3)wide 用于名词之后表范围,。,nation nationwide 全国性地 world worldwide 全世界地,4常见动词后缀,1）-(e)n使成为，引发，使有,一些形容词后,-(e)n weak weaken(使)虚弱，减弱 short shorten缩短 sharp sharpen(使)变尖锐,明朗,第32页,一些名词后,-(e)n,fright frighten（使）惊吓 length lengthen加长 strength strengthen加强,-en放在一些形容词前 rich-enrich large-enlarge,2)(i)fy 使化，使成,beauty beautify美化 pure purify提纯,simple simplify使简 class classify.分类,quality qualify取得资格（或学历）,第33页,3)ize/-ise 做成，变成，化,real realize意识到,organ organize组织 apology apologize道歉,modern modernize使当代化,normal normalize 使正常化,civil-civilize 使文明,第34页,三：合成法,1.复合名词主要组成方式有：,(1)名词+名词 如：newspaper报纸 teamwork 协作,(2)形容词+名词 如：blackboard 黑板 highway 公路,(3)副词+名词 如：overcoat大衣 underground 地铁,(4)名词+介词短语,如：father-in-law岳父 mother-in-law 岳母,第35页,2.复合动词主要组成方式：,(1)副词+动词 如：update更新 overlook 忽略,(2)名词+动词 如：sun-bathe日光浴 proof-read 校对,3.复合代词主要组成方式：,(1)代词宾格或物主代词+self/selves,如:ourselves itself,(2)一些不定代词+body/thing/one,如:nobody everything.,第36页,4.复合形容词主要组成方式：,(1)名词+形容词 如：colour-blind色盲,(2)副词+形容词 如：over-sensitive过敏,(3)名词+分词 如：hand-made手工制作,(4)形容词+名词 如：good-looking好看,(5)副词+分词,如：well-meant好意 outstanding 出众,第37页,(6)形容词+名词,如：,gentleman 绅士 greengrocer 水果商,(7)形容词+名词+-ed,如：ill-mannered 不礼貌,(8)数词+名词+(-ed),如：two-faced两面派 one-sided 片面,(9)名词+名词+-ed,如：iron-willed有钢铁意志,第38页,5.复合副词主要组成方式：,1)名词+名词,如：sideways向旁边,(2)名词+副词,如：headfirst头朝下,(3)形容词+名词,如：meanwhile同时,(4)介词+名词,如：beforehand事先,第39页,四：转化法,(有大量动词能够转化为名词),have a look(chat,talk,wash,swim,rest,try,quarrel,interview,taste),make a study(guess,visit,call,survey,jump,slip,change,answer),come to a stop(end,pause),第40页,一 练习题,1.He must be _ (mental)disabled.,2.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled _(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.,3.But Jane knew from past experience that her,_,(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.,mentally,warmly,choice,第41页,4.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.,5.We drank together and talked _(merry)till far into the night.,6.All facts are the source of _(conclude).,natural,merrily,conclusion,第42页,7.I wont do the purchase because the price of this dress is _,_,_(reason).,8.However,most _(science)agree that EQ has a lot to do with _(educate).,9.Excellent oral and written _(communicate)skills in Chinese and English are of _(important).,unreasonable,scientists,education,communication,importance,第43页,10.It is your _(free)to do what you want after class.,11.He devoted much money to building schools in _(mountain)areas.,12.Unfortunately,my car broke down on a _(mud)road.,13.To make myself _,I would do some _exercise after work.(relax),freedom,mountainous,muddy,relaxed,relaxing,第44页,14.We _(apology)for the late departure of this flight.,15.The article can _(long)out a little by adding some examples.,16.His illness _(worse)during the night.,17.The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom _(brave).,apologize,lengthen,worsen,bravely,bravely,第45页,18.He went out of the office _(hurry)to run after her.,19.One _(investigate)described the robbery as a“_(profession)job”.,20.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it _(intention).,hurriedly,investigation,professional,intentionally,第46页,二、请依据汉字含义写出以下常见复合词：,复合词,词性,汉字意义,1.,n.,护照,2.,vt.,下载,3.,n.,降雨量,4.,adj.,非凡,5.,adj.,超重,passport,download,rainfall,extraordinary,overweight,第47页,复合词,词性,汉字意义,6.,n.,打字机,7.,vt.,克服,战胜,8.,adj,坦率,9.,n.,女推销员,10.,adv.,在户外,outdoors,outspoken/straightforward,typewriter,saleswoman,overcome,第48页,即时练习：,依据黑体词在句中所作句子成份,判断其词性及其意义。,1.In particular,there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies(,仙女,),名词,in particular,尤其,尤其是,2.Only thus can we better the life of the people.,2.,动词 改进,第49页,3.Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.,3.名词 关键,4.They finally freed themselves from slavery.,4.动词 使自由,第50页,5.This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK.,5.access 名词 接触(使用,靠近)机会(方法,门路),捷径 range 名词 范围,6.They marked the hours on candles and used sand in hour-glasses.,6.mark 及物动词 做标识于,标明,统计,第51页,7.Finally,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.,7.offer 名词 提议,8.Thats why your mommy and I have named you Ari.,8.name 及物动词 命名,第52页,9.I love this feeling of protecting you and dreaming of all I have in store for you.,9.store 名词 贮藏,贮存,10.Some of the diseases spread is due to global warming.,10.spread 名词 蔓延,传输,第53页,即时练习：,请按提醒完成以下相关缩略形式练习。,缩略形式,汉字含义,1.,WHO,2.,corp.,3.,电冰箱,4.,电子书,5.,IT,6.,体育馆,7.,edu,8.,广告,9.,CV,世界卫生组织,企业,fridge,e-book,信息技术,gym,教育,ad,履历,第54页,10.,PC,11.,Dr,12.,流行（只作定语）,13.,CD,14.,宿舍,15.,kph,16.,千克,17.,试验室,18.,VIP,19.,十二月,20.,WTO,个人电脑,博士,医生,pop,dorm,公里,/时,kilo,lab,要人,大人物,Dec,世界贸易组织,镭射唱片,第55页,Thank you!,第56页,