初二英语英语期末语法整理.doc

英语期末语法整理

【unit 1】
1.suggestion [C]n. 建议
suggest that sb. should do 建议某人做某事 其中sb.作主语
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
advice [U]n. 建议
//// advise sb. to do/doing sth. 建议某人做某事
2. /have been to 去过又回来了
have gone to 去了在那里
have been in 在某地
3. competition n. 竞赛
compete v. 竞争
competitor n. 竞争者
4.decide v. 决定 只能加动词不定式
decision n. 决定
decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事
decide on sth. 决定某事
5.in the ... of 在……的内部 e.g. Shanghai is in the east of China.
on the ... of 在……的外部（接壤） e.g. Russia is on the north of China.
to the ... of 在……的外部（不接壤） e.g.Shanghai is to the south of Beijing. 【to可省略】
6. island 前面加介词on.
7. get on/along with... 与……相处
get on/along well with ... 与……相处融洽
How is ... getting on ... ……的进展如何？
=How is ... going ...
8.be famous for 因……而出名 e.g.Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
be famous as 作为……而出名 e.g. Liu Xiang is famous as an athlete.
be known as 被誉为…… e.g.Shanghai is known as a ‘Shopping Paradise’.
9.江河湖海前加定冠词the. e.g.the Suzhou Creek/the Huangpu River
由普通名词构成的专有名词前加定冠词the. e.g.the People’s Square
包含专有名词的专有名词前不加冠词. e.g.Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
路名前面不加冠词. e.g.Fifth Avenue.
10. The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes.
=It takes the Maglev about eight minutes to go to the international airport.
划线提问 How fast does the Maglev take you to the international airport?
11. think of 认为 What do you think of ...=How do you like ... 你认为……怎么样？
think about 想到
think over 仔细考虑
12. interesting places =places of interest 名胜古迹
13. be popular with.... 在……中受欢迎
14. introduce v. 介绍
introduction n. 介绍
introduce sb. to sth. 介绍某人（去）某地/（做）某事
introduce sth. to sb. 把……介绍给某人
=take part in 参加（competitions/activities）
attend 出席（formal lecture/meetings）
join 加入（organization）
16.【词义辨析】
tour：名、动词皆可。多指旅行、作巡回演出或观光、短暂停留
travel：远距离长期旅行
journey：使用范围很广，但常指路程较远的陆路旅行
trip：常在口语中使用
17. tour v.&n. 旅行，作巡回演出
tourist n. 游客
tourism n. 旅游业
18. reason n. 原因
Reasonable adj. 合理的
the reason why... 为什么……的原因
the reason for... ……的原因
19.【词义辨析】
view：视线范围内的一切可视景观
scenery：自然风光，自然景色
scene：现场
on the zzscene 在现场
20. surprise v.&n. 惊喜/惊吓
surprising adj. 令人惊喜的
surprised adj. 令人惊讶的
【形如-ing/-ed的形容词】
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised感到好奇的
moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的
puzzling 令人困惑不解的 puzzled感到困惑的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
tiring 令人厌倦的 tired感到厌烦的
amazing令人惊讶的 amazed感到惊讶的
boring 令人讨厌的 bored感到厌烦的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到激动的
embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的
pleasant令人高兴的 pleased感到高兴的
to sb.’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是
21. observe v. 观察
observation n. 观察/观察力
observatory n. 天文台
observer n. 观察者
observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做某事的全过程
observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人做某事的瞬间
【unit 2】
1. choose-chose-chosen v. 选择
choice n. 选择
2. discuss v. 讨论
discussion n. 讨论
discuss about sth.=have a discussion about sth. 讨论某事
3. take a look=have a look=look 看……
4. act v. 表演
active adj. 积极的
action n. 动作/行动
activity n. 活动
activities pl. 活动
5. rob-robbed-robbed v. 抢劫
robber n. 抢劫犯
robbery n. 抢劫案
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人某物
steal sth. from sb. 偷某人某物 steal-stole-stolen
6. What’s the duration of the film?
=How long does the film last?
=How long is the film?
duration n. 持续时间
during prep. 在……期间
last (for) some time. 持续一段时间
7.ticket price= the price of the ticket. 票价
无生命物体一般用of。 e.g. The duration of the film
有生命物体一般是所有格+名词。
price用high/low修饰。
8.on one’s way to some place. 在某人去某地的路上
e.g.on my way to the cinema
on my way to school/work(这两者前无冠词)
on my way home(此处home为副词)
on the way to his home.(此处home为名词)
9.宾语从句是陈述句语序！
10.show sb.sth.=show sth. to sb. 向某人展示某物
11.hate to do/doing sth. 痛恨做某事
【只能接doing的动词】
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
can't help doing sth. 不禁做某事
admit doing sth. 承认做某事
deny doing sth. 否认做某事
keep doing sth. 持续做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
【接doing/to do 意思相同的动词】
like doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事
love doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事
hate doing/to do sth. 痛恨做某事
begin doing/to do sth. 开始做某事
start doing/to do sth. 开始做某事
continue doing/to do sth. 继续做某事
【接doing/to do 意思不同的动词】
remember to do记住去做 remenber doing记得做过
regret to do遗憾的做 regret doing懊悔作了
forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
try to do努力去做 try doing尝试去做
help to do帮助做 can't help doing禁不住
stop to do停下去做（目的状语）stop doing停止做
go on to do接着做 另一件事 go on doing继续做
【只能接to do 的动词】
learn to do sth. 学习做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
fail to do sth. 失败于做某事
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
【接do 的动词】
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
12. laugh v. 大笑
laughter n. 笑声
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
13. full adj. 满的
fill v. 填充
be full of sth. 充满了…… e.g.The house is full of laughter.
be filled with sth.充满了…… e.g.The bottle is filled with water.
be crowded with people 挤满了人 e.g.The playground is crowded with the students.
be filled with=be full of
be crowded with=be full of
14. far-farther-farthest 多指距离 e.g.Who lives the farthest from school?
far-further-furthest 多指抽象的广度 e.g.She went abroad for further study.
15. pay-paid-paid v.&n. 付钱/薪水
pay the bill 付账单
pay in cash 现金支付
pay by credit card 刷卡
pay with a credit card 刷卡
pay (money) for sth. 付钱
【词义辨析】
pay：支付
spend：花钱/时间
spend time/money in (doing) sth./on sth. 在某物/做某事上花钱/时间
cost：需付钱
take：费时

【unit 3】
1.have come to→have been in 来到
【瞬间动词与持续性动词的转换】
join in→be a member of /be in 加入
start/begin→be on 开始
come→be here 来
borrow→keep 借
buy→have 买
die→be dead 死
end/finish→be over 结束
go/get out→be out 外出
fall asleep→be asleep 睡着
leave→be away from 离开
put on→wear 穿上
open→be open 开
close→be closed 关
2.What’s Aunt Maggie’s job? Maggie阿姨的工作是什么？
=What does Aunt Maggie do?
=What job does Aunt Maggie do?
=What’s Aunt Maggie?
3. How long has she been a teacher? 她当老师多久了？
=How long has she worked as a teacher?
4.for+时间段 e.g.for quite a few years
since+时间点 e.g.since two years ago
5. architect n. 建筑师
architecture [U]n. 建筑学
6. design v.&n. 设计
designer n. 设计师
7. engine n. 引擎
engineer n. 工程师
9.several 只可修饰可数名词！
【只可修饰可数名词】
many;many a(n);a good/great many;a great/large number of;
【只可修饰不可数名词】
much;a great deal of;a great/large amount of
【皆可】
a lot of;lots of; plenty of 后谓语动词的数依of后的名词的单复数而定
a great/large quantity of 其后谓语用单数
quantities of 其后谓语用复数
10. report v.&n. 报道
Reporter n. 记者
Journalist n. 记者
11. type n. 种类/类型
type-typed-typed v. 打字
typewriter n. 打字机
typist n. 打字员
12. deliver v. 递送
delivery n. 传送/投递
13. sport n. 运动
sportsman/sportswoman n. 男/女运动员
sports shoes 运动鞋
sports meeting 运动会
14. grow v. 种植
growth n. 成长
grow link v. 成长
e.g.grow bigger
15. in the field 在农田里
on the farm 在农场上
16. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
tell the difference 辨别不同之处
17. A watch is used for telling the time.
= A watch is used to tell the time.
be used to do sth./be used to doing sth. 被用来做某事
get/be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
18. 交通工具：
by bus/underground/train/air/ferry
in a car
on a bus/train/an underground
take a/the bus
take the underground train
19. quite a few=many 一些
quite a little=much 一些
quite a lot 许多
quite/only/still/just 后加a little/a few。
20. machine n. 机器
machinery [U]n. 机器
mechanic n. 技师
21. train v. 训练
training [U]n. 训练
trainer n. 教练
trainee n. 受训练的人
well-trained adj. 训练有素的
22. the key to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门钥匙
23. fantastic adj. 极好的
Fantasy n. 梦幻
24.have a good time 玩得开心
=enjoy oneself
=have great fun
=have a wonderful/great time
25. visit v.&n. 参观/拜访
visit some place=have/pay a visit to some place 参观某地
26. be in charge of 管理
be in the charge of 在……的管理之下
take charge of 接管
be charged with 被指控……

【unit 4】
1.go+doing sth. 去做某事 e.g.go washing/jogging/shopping
2.read=do some reading 阅读
shop=do some shopping 购物
write=do some writing 写字
clean=do some cleaning 打扫
3. let me buy sth. for sb.=let me buy sb. sth. 让我为某人买某物
4. 先行词：
e.g.This pair of jeans is mine.
These jeans are mine.
The two pairs of jeans are mine.
5. cook/buy/make/get/sing/draw+for
give/pass/bring/take/send/deliver/lend+to
6.the entrance/exit/key/answer/solution to ...
at the entrance to the shopping mall
7. a dress with the blue spots=a blue spotted dress 一条蓝点裙子 【注意一定要加定冠词！】
8.Which size do you wear? 你穿多大的衣服？ wear-wore-wore
=What’s your size?
9. fashion n. 时尚/流行
fashionable adj. 流行的=in fashion
in fashion↔out of fashion
10. check in 登记
check up 登出
check out 结账
11. loose adj. 宽松的
loosen v. 拧开/使……松
12. tight adj. 紧的
tighten v. 拧紧/使……紧
tightly adv. 紧紧地
14.不定代词（something/anything/nothing/everything等）形容词后置
e.g.something important/nothing new
15.try on 试穿
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
16. excuse n.&v. 借口/原谅
excuse for sth. ……的借口
17.change v.&n. 变化
changeable adj. 多变的

【unit 5】
1. smile at each other 相视而笑
laugh at 嘲笑
2.earn much 挣许多钱 此处much为prep. =earn much money
3.live happily=live a happy life 幸福地生活
happy adj. 快乐的 ↔unhappy adj. 不快乐的
happily adv. 快乐地 ↔unhappily adv. 不快乐地
4.reply to sb.=answer sb. 回答某人
5.How about+doing sth.? 做某事怎么样【表示建议】
=What about+doing sth.?
=Shall we do sth.?
=Why not do sth.?
=Why don’t we do sth.?
回答：
That’s a good idea.等。
6. vote for=elect 选举
vote against 投票反对
7. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
give in 投降
8. regularly adv. 规律地
irregularly ant. 无规律地
9. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
10. help each other 互相帮助 无介词！
learn from each other 互相学习
11. comfortable adj. 舒服的 ↔ uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
comfortably adv. 舒服地
comfort v.&n. 安慰/使生活舒适的用品/给予安慰的人或物
12. appear v. 出现 ↔ disappear v. 消失
Appearance n. 出现/外观 ↔ disappearance n. 消失
13. wish v.&n. 愿望/许愿
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
wish+从句
wish+双宾语
hope v.&n. 希望
hopeful adj. 有希望的 ↔ hopeless adj. 无望的
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
hope +从句
hope sb. to do sth. 是错的！！！
【 Unit 6 】
1. poem n.诗；韵文
poet n.诗人
poetry [U]n.诗集
a poetry reading
a poetry book
a collection of poerty/poems
2. end n.末端；结尾；结束 (opp.) beginning
v.结束 = finish
ending n.结局
endless adj.无止尽的
a happy ending
【区别：】
at the end of + past tense v.
by the end of + past perfect tense v.
in the end = at last/finally
3. temperature n.温度；气温
注意：用high/low形容 temperature/price
take the temperature
4. drop v.降低；减少 drop – dropped – dropped – dropping sb. drop sth.
【drop by与drop to辨析】
The temperature has dropped by 5 ℃.此句drop by译为降了
The temperature has dropped to 5 ℃.此句drop to译为降至
n.（雨）滴 drops of rain/tear = raindrops/teardrops
5. shiver v.发抖 shiver with cold 因冷而发抖
shivering n.哆嗦
6. awful adj.糟糕的；极讨厌的 = terrible
awfully adv.极其的
awfulness n. 威严；庄严；不高兴
7. disappointed adj.失望的
be disappointed at sth. 对某事失望
be disappointed with sb. 对某人失望
disappoint v.使失望
disappointing adj.令人失望的；沮丧的
disappointingly adv.令人失望地；沮丧地
disappointedly adv.失望地
disappointment n.失望；沮丧
（opp. 均去掉dis- ）
appointment n.约会
appoint v.指定
8. out of
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of balance 失去平衡
out of date 过时
out of patience 不耐烦
out of control失去控制
out of fashion 过时；不时髦
out of work 失业
out of question 毫无疑问
out of danger 没有危险
out of order 次序混乱；坏了
9. sad adj.伤心的 sadder – saddest
sadly adv.伤心地 more ~ - the most ~
sadness n.悲哀
10. open v.开
bloom v.开花
11. outing n.外出
go outing = go for an outing
12. lazy adj.懒惰的←→ hardworking
lazy – lazier - laziest
lazily adv.懒惰地
laziness n.懒惰
13. collect v.收集；采集
collection n.收藏品
14. silly adj.愚蠢的 sillier - silliest
silliness n.愚蠢
15. thank v.感谢
thank sb. for sth. 感谢某人
16. 五感官：look, feel, smell, sound, taste
五渐变：get, go, grow, turn, become
17. fall v.掉落fall – fell – fallen
【辨析】
falling leaves 正在掉落的叶子
fallen leaves 已经掉落的叶子

【 Unit 7 】
1. no + n. = not any + n.
2. pollution [U]n.污染
pollute v.污染
polluted adj.污染过的
3. room [U]n.空间 = space n.
4. perhaps adv. 也许；大概= possibly/probably/maybe
He maybe a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher.
5. able adj. 有能力的
be able to = can = manage to do 能够
unable opp. 不能的；无能为力的
enable v. 使能够
enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
ability n. 能力
disabled adj. 残疾的
the disabled 残疾人
6. happen v. 发生
sth. happen 某事发生
sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
7. I/We (don’t) think that…
反义疑问句：
I think he is hardworking, isn’t he?
I don’t think he will be here, will he?
A:
Yes, I think so./ No, I don’t think so.
8. talk about 谈论 = discuss
talk to/with sb. 对某人说话
talk to/with sb. about ab./sth. 和某人谈论某人/某物
talk back (to sb.) （对某人）顶嘴
talk sb./sth. up 过分夸奖；吹捧
talkative adj. 健谈的；多嘴的
talker n. 说话人
9. pill n.药 = medicine
10. meal n.餐
make a meal of sth. 小题大做
11. secret adj. 秘密的
n.秘密
in secret 秘密地
secretly adv.秘密地
secretary n.秘书
12. sign v.签署
n.标记
signature n.签名
signal n.信号
13. seal v.密封 sealed – sealed
n.封条；海豹
14. future n.未来
in the future 在将来
in future = from now on 从今往后
15. enter v.进入 = go into

【 Unit 8 】
1. enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
an enjoyable school life/ weekend/ experience
enjoy v.享受 enjoys – enjoyed – enjoyed
enjoy oneself = have a good time玩得开心
enjoy doing sth.
enjoyment n.愉快；快乐；乐趣（事情）
joy n.高兴；愉快；喜悦（心情）
dance for joy
to one’s joy
2. organize v.组织；筹备
organize a party/ meeting/ trip
organization n.组织；主办方
work for a business/ political organization
the World Health Organization
the World Trade Organization
organizer n.组织者
3. possible adj.可能的 opp. impossible
polite – impolite
necessary – unnecessary
able – unable
important – unimportant
comfortable – uncomfortable
interesting – uninteresting
possibility n.可能性
possibly adv.可能地
impossibly opp.
【辨析】
as soon as possible越快越好（时间上） as fast as possible 越快越好（速度上）
4. Reflexive pronouns反身代词
(by) oneself某人自己
help oneself to sth. 请随便吃些……
make oneself at home 请自便
5. 【辨析】
It’s + adj. + for + sb. + to do sth.
It’s + adj. + of + sb. + to do sth.
6. put up
a) 张贴=display
b) 举手=raise
c) 建造=build
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put on穿；戴；涂；抹；搽；上演；展出
put off推迟；取消
put up with忍受；容忍
put away将……收起；把……放回原处
7. ideal adj.理想的
in an ideal world
idea n.想法；主意
8. conduct v.安排；组织
conductor n.导演；（乐队）指挥；售票员
9. How do you like… = What do you think of…
10. modern adj.