高中语态-及重点习题讲解.docx

语态( 主动、被动 )
2、被动语态
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词。不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。
（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
The boss\ made \him\ work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。(介词不能丢掉)
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.\ It is said that he is a smart boy. \He is said to be a smart boy.
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（3）主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.。 My pen writes smoothly.
The door won’t lock.门锁不上。 The fish smells good.
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。The blackboard needs cleaning
be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing
④在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，
不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
但如果不是逻辑主语就要用被动式 Do you have anything to be taken there?
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
二、精典名题导解
1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits. (NMET 2001)
A. will request B. are requested C. are requesting D. request
2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.（2000年春季高考）
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been completed
4. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed
5. The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
解析：答案为D。。照顾时间状语从句时态一致时。come alive“变得活跃”
6.—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
1.(2002全国高考题)—You haven’t said a word about my new coat，Brenda. Do you like it?
—I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying　    B. don’t say
C. won’t say          D. didn’t say
2.(2002全国高考题) I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written        B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write         D. hadn’t written
3.(2003北京春季高考题)—When will you come to see me，Dad?
—I will go to see you when you ________ the training course.
A.will have finished       B.will finish
C.are finishing          D.finish
4.(2003北京春季高考题)—How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990.
A.were you employed       B.have you been employed
C.had you been employed      D.will you be employed
5.(2003上海高考题)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ____in Beijing.
A.would be completed       B.was being completed
C.has been completed       D.had been completed
7.(2002北京高考题)—Excuse me,sir.Would you do me a favor?
—Of course.What is it?
—I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A.had wondered        B.was wondering
C.would wonder        D.did wonder
8.(2002上海高考题)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year.
A.will graduate        B.will have graduated
C.graduates         D.is to graduate
9.(2002上海高考题)I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child.
A.is to blame         B.is going to blame
C.is to be blame        D.should blame
10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________.
A.has been　　        B.does　　　
C.has　　　          D.is
11.If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept; will have to B.are not kept; have to
C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to
12.The price ________，but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A.went down B.will go down
C.has gone down D.was going down
13. —How long ________ each other before they ________ married?
—For about a year.
A.have they known; get　
B.did they know; get
C.do they know; are going to get　
D.had they known; got
14.You can’t move in right now. The house ________.
A.has painted B.is painted
C.is being painted D.is painting
16.The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when he saw it.
A.was traveling B.traveled
C.had been traveling D.was to travel
17.—Is this raincoat yours?
—No，mine ________ there behind the door.
A.is hanging B.has hang C.hangs D.hang
18.I turned around and saw everybody ________ at a man who ________ loudly in a foreign language.
A.was staring; was shouting B.was staring; shouting
C.staring; shouting D.stared; shouted
19.Henry remained silent for a moment.He ________.
A.thought B.had thought C.was thinking D.was thought
20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we ________ out his address yet,
A.haven’t found B.hadn’t found C.didn’t find D.don’t find
21.Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.
A.has written         B.wrote C.had written         D.was writing
22.—Have you got your test result?
—Not yet.The papers ________.
A.are not correcting B.have not corrected
C.are still being corrected D.have already been corrected
23.See the clouds! It ________ rain!
A.will　    B.is going to　   C.must　    D.certainly
24.Do I have to take this medicine? It ________ so terrible.
A.tastes    B.is tasting    C.is tasted   D.has tasted
25.Don’t take the magazine away.It ________ me.
A.is belonged to        B.belongs to
C.was belonged to        D.is belonging to
30.A storm ________ by a calm.
A.is often being followed      B.was often followed
C.is often followed        D.has often been followed
33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it ________.
A.to be broken B.had broken into
C.was broken D.had been broken into
40.—Can I help you，sir?
—Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it ________.
A.didn’t work B.won’t work
C.can’t work D.doesn’t work

11～15 ACDCB    16~20 AAACA 21～25 DCBAB
1. D用过去时表达没能早说之意。
2. A用完成时表达到目前为止本应发生的动作。
3. D主句将来时，状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
4. B本句用完成时当无疑问，值得注意的是后面的结构是系表结构表状态，不是被动语态。
5. D受by the end of last year的影响，本句是典型的过去完成时。
6. B体会一下时间的先后就可明白，前一句是一般过去时，后一句是过去完成时。
7、B.空格所指的是说话前正在考虑的动作。 8、C
9. A本句是强调句型，sb. is to blame是“得怪谁”的意思。
10. D填空处是现在进行时的省略。
14.现在进行时的被动语态。
16.强调看见时the UFO正在发生的动作。
22.答语为现在进行时的被动语态，指“试卷正在被批改”。
23.有征兆表明某事即将发生一般用be going to 表达。
24.taste为连系动词，因而没有被动语态。25.belong to没有被动语态。
30.全句意为“暴风雨过后是一片宁静”。
33.only to引导的是一个结果状语，所填空处是典型的过去完成时的被动语态。
40.一般现在时陈述事实。
43.受by this time tomorrow这一时间状语的影响，本题所填是中学不太常见的将来完成时。