高中英语语法省略句(课堂PPT).ppt

省 略,省 略,定义,为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为,省略,。省略是重要的修辞原则，因此，只要不损害语法结构，不产生歧义，能省略的就应省略。,简单句中的省略,1.省略主语,祈使句中主语通常省略；其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。,(1),(I),Thank you for your help.,(2),(It),Doesnt matter.,2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分,What/How,(do you think),about a cup of tea?,3.在对话或并列句中，如果主语、谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省去相同的宾语部分。,Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates,(dancing),.,4.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have。,Are you going there?,Yes,Id like to,(go there),.,注意：在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to:want,wish,like,hate,hope,intend,plan,love,refuse,expect，但,当want 和like用于从句中时，to常常省略。,5.结构省略,可以根据通常的语法结构加以判断，比如省略表语或同时省略几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。,We have lived here,(for)ten years,.,I havent seen you,for three months,.,并列句中的省略,1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。,My office was on the tenth floor,and his(office was)on the twelfth(floor).,并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面的分句中，这时被省略的词语便出现在下文。,George will(take the course)and Bob might take the course.,2.省略动词+宾语或补语,I will buy a house.He will(buy a house)too.,3.省略主语+谓语动词,We still have shortcomings,and(we have)very big ones,too.,注意：出现在并列句中的be,have,do,如果在一个分句中作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。,4.省略主语+谓语+宾语,They tried to prevent the pollution,but(they did)not(prevent the pollution)very successfully at the beginning.,复合句中的省略,1.复合句中的省略现象常见于从句中，主句中的省略通常出现在句首。,Hope you will have a good journey.,2.有时整个主句都可省略，这种省略通常出现在简短答语中。,Are you going to buy the house?,Unless my wife objects.,3.复合句中的省略现象多出现在状语从句中，在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或主语是it时，可省去“主语+be”部分。,Although hard-working,he couldnt earn enough even to support him.,4.引导宾语从句的从属连词只要从句不长，that通常都可省略。但如果从句较长或从句的语境较复杂,连词that 不能省略。,1）I hope(that)all will go well.,2）She has made it clear,that,she will have nothing to do with him.,5.在than或as引导的从句中的省略。,Many others are doing better,than we are,.,6.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell以及appear,seem,afraid等。,Is he coming back tonight?,I think,so,.,7.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。,Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.,8.不定式符号to的省略。,(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。,I told him to sit down,and,wait for,a moment.,(2)某些,使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe等）,后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to,但在被动语态中须将to 复原。,I,saw the boy fall from,the tree.,(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to。,The boy did nothing,but play,.,(4)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。,All we can do now is,(to)wait,.,1.(2014福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,_,reaching 30in summer.,A.if notB.if everC.if anyD.if so,【解析】,选B。考查状语从句的省略。句意:这儿气候宜人,如果曾经有过(高温)的话,夏天温度也很少达到30摄氏度。if ever意为“如果曾经有过或即使有过的话”,其作用是缓和语气。if not如果不是这样的话;if any如果有一些的话;if so如果是这样的话。,【高考链接】,2.(2014湖南高考)Children,when_by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.,A.to be accompanied B.to accompany,C.accompanying D.accompanied,【解析】,选D。考查状语从句的省略形式。句意:有家长陪伴时,孩子们才被允许进入体育场。在状语从句中,当主句主语与从句主语一致,且谓语动词含有be或be的某种形式时,可以省略从句中的主语和be。设空处的完整形式为when they are accompanied by.,省略了they are。,3.(2013福建高考)Anyone,once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.,A.to be testedB.being tested,C.testedD.to test,【解析】,选C。考查状语从句的省略。句意:任何一个人一旦被检测到携带阳性H7N9流感病毒,将会接受来自我们政府的免费治疗。若主句与状语从句的主语一致,状语从句中又含有系动词be,则可省略状语从句的主语和系动词,该从句补充完整为once anyone is tested.,故选C。,4.(2013新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car,near the roadside but was asked by the police_.,A.not,to do B.not to,C.not do D.do not,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查动词不定式的省略。句意,:,司机想把车停,在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。此处是,ask,sb.to,do,的被动,语态形式,所以首先排除,C,、,D,两项。动词不定式符号,to,指代,前面的,to park his car near the roadside,为了避免重复,直接,用,to,。,5.(2012陕西高考)All the photographs in this book,_ stated otherwise,date from the 1950s.,A.unless B.until C.once D.if,【解析】,选A。考查连词及状语从句的省略。句意:这本书里的相片,除非有说明,否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。unless=if.not,表示“除非”。unless stated=unless they are stated,是状语从句的省略。,6.（2011江苏高考）It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._wed better take it to the garage immediately.,A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so,【解析】,选D。考查省略结构，句意：听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不这样的话；but for that要不是因为那样；if so如果这样的话。根据句意可知D项符合句意。,【课堂训练】,1.While _ the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.,A.walked B.was walking,C.being walked D.walking,2.Be careful when you cross this busy street._,you may get run over by a car.,A.If not B.If so,C.If any D.What if,3.Though _ money,his mother tried her best to send him to university.,A.lacked B.lacking of,C.lacking D.lacked in,4.The boy wanted to go on a trip to Tibet alone,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not do it,