英语各种词性前后缀及习题.pdf

各种词性前后缀 1.常见前缀 前缀 含义 例词 en-使可能 enrich 丰富 enable 使能够，使有机会 enlarge 扩大 dis-不，否定 dissatisfy 使不满意 disappear 消失 disagree 不同意 dishonesty不诚实 disadvantage 不利条件 un-不 unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的 unhappy 不开心的 un+v.做相反动作 undress 脱衣服 unload 卸货 uncover 揭开 in-im-ir-il-不，非 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的 impolite 不礼貌的 impossible 不可能的 immoral 不道德的 irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的 non-不，非 non-existent 不存在的 non-stop 直达的,连续不断的 mis-错误的，坏的 misunderstand 误解 mislead 误导 misfortune 厄运,不幸 Re-重复，再 rewrite 重写,remarry 再婚 super-在上面，超级 supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模 superstar 超级明星 under-在之下 underestimate 低估 underground 地下的 inter-相互，之间 international 国际的 interact 交流,合作,相互作用 semi-半 semifinal 半决赛 semicircle 半圆 semi-conscious 半昏迷半清醒的 multi-多，多种 multi-national 多国的 multi-colored 多种颜色的 multi-cultural多文化的 kilo-千 kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克 tele-远 telephone 电话 television 电视 2.名词后缀 后 缀 含 义 例 词 n.+er 相关的人 farmer 农夫 officer 官员 v.+er 从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人 teacher 教师 worker 工人 reader 读者 writer 作家 地点名词+er 住在某处的人 Londoner 伦敦人 villager 村民-ess 女 actress 女演员 hostess 女主人-or 同 er-conductor 售票员 visitor 游客 inventor 发明家 actor 演员 survivor 幸存者 editor 编辑-ar 同 er-beggar 乞丐-ese 某国人,某国语 Chinese 中国人,汉语 Japanese 日本人,日语-ian 从事某职业的人 musician 音乐家 physician 医师,内科医生-ist 从事某职业的人 scientist 科学家 dentist 牙医 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 communist 共产主义者 socialist 社会主义者-ment 行为的结果 argument 争论 judgment 判断-ness 状态,情况,特征 happiness 幸福 illness 疾病-tion 动作,行为 dictation 听写 preparation 准备-ship 身份,状态 leadership 领导 friendship 友谊 citizenship 国籍；公民权-ance acceptance 接受 appearance 外表；出现-ence confidence 信息 reference 参考 n.+ful 以该名词容量为单位的量 glassful 一杯 mouthful 一口 plateful 一盘 spoonful 一羮匙-al refusal 拒绝 denial 抵赖 arrival 到达 approval 赞成；批准 burial 埋葬；葬礼 survival 幸存-y difficulty 困难 possibility 可能性-ism socialism 社会主义 materialism 唯物主义 3.形容词后缀 后 缀 例 词 a-在上/里 向.aboard 在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面 aside 向旁边 abroad 在国外-al industrial 工业的 national 国家的,民族的-an European 欧洲的 American 美国的,美洲的-ern eastern 东方的 northern 北方的 southern 南方的-able reasonable 合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearable 难以忍受的-ful careful 仔细的,小心的 cheerful 兴高采烈的 beautiful 美丽的-ish childish 孩子般的 selfish 自私的 foolish 愚蠢的-ive active 活跃的,积极的 creative 创造性的 destructive 破坏的；毁灭性的-y thirsty 口渴的 dirty 脏的 windy 有风的-en golden 金色的,金的 wooden 木的,木质的 woolen 羊毛的-ous continuous 持续的 various 各种各样的-ary imaginary 幻想的 revolutionary 革命的-ic realistic 现实的 historic 历史的-some troublesome 麻烦的 lonesome 孤独的,寂寞的-like childlike 孩子般的,单纯的 womanlike 女人般的-ly friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的-less careless 粗心的 harmless 无害的 homeless 无家可归的 useless 无用的 4.动词后缀 后缀 含义 例 词-en 使成为,使具有 widen 加宽 sharpen 削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加强 shorten 缩短 soften 软化 quicken 加快 adj.+ize 使变成,使化 Americanize 美国化 civilize 使开化 modernize 现代化 nationalize 国有化-y 使化 beautify 美化 simplify 简化 5.副词后缀-ly 是最常见的副词后缀,可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。如：slowly 缓慢地 happily 高兴地 truly 真实地 wholly 全部地 simply 纯粹地 练习 1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。(1)Do you know the _(deep)of the river?(2)His _(careful)resulted in the terrible accident(3)He is one of the _(science)who support this theory.答案：(1)depth(2)carelessness(3)scientists 2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：(1)Please pay _(attend)to your handwriting.(2)His _(arrive)made the situation worse.(3)The teacher was angry at my _(come)late.答案：(1)attention(2)arrival(3)coming 3.动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词级的变化。如：(1)The boy ran _(quick)to school.(2)“Whats that?”Father shouted _(angry).(3)The little girl is _（extreme）eager to know the result of the exam。(4).He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_(height).答案：(1)quickly(2)angrily(3)extremely(4)higher 4.在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词 如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1)Whats the _(width)river in the world?(2)The _(strength)we become,the more modest we should be.答案：(1)widest(2)stronger 5 即时训练 单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Mary was very _ at the news,so she looked _ at her husband,her eyes full of _(sad).2.He _football very well and he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match.(play)3.Look!How _ Kate is laughing!She seems to be the _ girl in the world(happy).4.To our _,the headmaster was very _ with our report.(satisfy)5.Edison was a great _.During his life he had many _.(invent)6.I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it.(simple)7.The boy having the _ of being half starved _,never to be seen again.(appear)8.The police _ the pot and _ a plot against the President.(cover)9.You are so _ to help me.Thank you for your _.(kindly)10.Everything is becoming _ than before and many college students had to work to make some mone y for their college _.(expend)语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空 A Rafting is an_1_(excite)adventure.A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams.Rafting is a good way to experience_2_(natural).If you want a normal rafting trip,choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks.If you are looking for more_3_（excite）,you may want to try whitewater rafting.Whitewater rafting is_4_（adventure）and_5_(difficulty)than normal rafting.It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves_6_(quick).You have to be_7_(care)not to hit rocks,trees and other_8_(dangerous).The name“Whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.B Steve Jones is an_1_(environment)expert who tries to keep animals and plants from_2_(become)endangered.If we know more about what causes_3_(danger),we may be able to take measures before it is too late.A species can become _4_(endanger)for_5_(differ)reasons.Animals and plants must have a habitat or home,which is_6_(comfort)and clean,and where there is enough food and other resources.Otherwise they can not live_7_(comfortable).They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live_8_(succeed)in their habitat.【参考答案】一、单句填空 1.sad,sadly,sadness 2.played,players 3.happily,happiest 4.satisfaction,satisfied 5.inventor;inventions 6.simplify,simpler/simple 7.appearance,disappeared 8.discovered,uncovered 9.kind,kindness 10.more expensive,expenses 二、语篇填空 A.1.exciting 2.nature 3.excitement 4.adventurous 5.difficult 6.quickly 7.careful 8.dangers B.1.environmental 2.becoming 3.endangerment 4.endangered 5.different fortable fortably 8.successfully