宾语从句种类有3类.doc

宾语从句种类有3类

动词的宾语从句

介词的宾语从句

形容词的宾语从句

1、动词的宾语从句
　·　大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
　　We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
　　我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
　　He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
　　他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.
　·　部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
　　I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
　　我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
　　Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
　　你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
 ·　　动词短语也可以带宾语从句
　　常见的这些词有:
　　make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
　　Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
　　在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
　·　可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
　　I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
　　我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
　　I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
　　我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
　　这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
　　I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
　　我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
　　He will have it that our plan is really practical.
　　他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
　　We take it that you will agree with us.
　　我们认为你会同意我们的.
　　When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
　　开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.

③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
　　We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
　　我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
　　We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
　　我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
2、介词的宾语从句
　·　用wh-类的介词宾语从句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
　　我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
　　The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
　　这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.

·　用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
　　有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
　　I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
　　对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
3、形容词的宾语从句
　·　常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
　　I am sure I will pass the exam.
　　我确信我会通过考试.
　　I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
　　很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
　　He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
　　他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
注意　　
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
　　False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
　　Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
　　B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
　　　Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible.
　　Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.　
　　Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
　　Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
　　C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
　　Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
　　Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
　　D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。　
　　False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.

英语的从句有很多
英语基本句式小结
英语中的句式有很多种，从英语的句子结构上说，总体可以归纳为五个基本句式。一般地说，某些动词用在某一特定句式中。那么，哪些动词常用于哪些句式，我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，每一大类都分出详细的条目，同学们可以在理解记忆各大类的基础上记忆相关动词，并继续归纳总结。
1.S（主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
1）S + V + adverbial（状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2）S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3）S + Vi+ Infinitive （不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4）S + Vi+ Participle （分词）
I’ll go swimming
2. S （主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
1） S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
2） S + VT + infinitive（不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt，dare，decide，desire，expect，hope，learn，need，offer，refuse，want，wish等。
3） S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don’t know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask，consider，decide，discover，explain，find
out，forget，guess，know，learn，observe，remember，see，settle，tell，think，understand，wonder等。
4） S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit，advise，avoid，consider，defend，enjoy，excuse，finish，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest，give
up，can't help等。
5） S + VT + That-clause
I don’t think （that） he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit，believe，declare，demand，deny，doubt，expect，explain，feel（觉得），hear（听说），hope，imagine，intend，know，mean，mind（当心），notice，request，report，say，see（看出），show，suggest，suppose，think，understand，wish，wonder（觉得奇怪）。
3. S （主）+ V（谓）（lv）（ 系动词）+ P（表）
1）S + Lv + N/Pron（名词/代词）
He is a boy.
2）S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3）S + Lv + Adv （副词）
Class is over.
4）S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5）S + Lv + Participle（分词）
The film is interesting.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：
表感官的动词，feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear，seem
等。表转变变化的动词，become，get，grow，turn，go，等。表延续的动词
remain，keep，seem，hold，stay，rest等。表瞬时的动词
come，fall，set，cut，occur等。其他动词
eat，lie，prove，ring，run，shine，sit，stand，continue，hang等。

英语的基本句型主要有五种，它们是：

1、主语———动词———表语

2、主语———动词

3、主语———动词———宾语

4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语

5、主语———动词———宾语———补语

掌握好这些基本句型，就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。

一、主语---动词----表语

在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。

1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)

2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)

3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)

4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)

5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)

6.The television was on.(副词做表语)

7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)

8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)

9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)

注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I'm happy to meet you.

They are willing to help.

We are determined to follow his example.

二、主语———动词

在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。

1.The sun is rising.

2.I'll try.

3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)

4.The engine broke down.

注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。

1.The book sells wel.

2.The window won't shut.

3.The pen writes smoothly.

4.Cheese cuts easily.

三、主语———动词———宾语

在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。

1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)

2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)

3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)

4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)

5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)

6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句)

注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。

四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语

在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习遇时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。

第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。

1.He handed me a letter.

He handed a letter to me.

2.She gave me her telephone number.

She gave her telephone number to me.

第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。

3.She sang us a folk song.

She sang a folk for us.

4.She cooked us a delicious meal.

She cooked a delicious meal for us.

第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。

5.Tell him I'm out.

6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？

五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语

在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。

1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)

2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)

3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)

4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)

5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)

6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)

7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)

8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)

9.Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)

10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)

11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)

注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。

1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.

分析：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。

2.I think it best that you should stay with us.

分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。

注意：

1.习惯用语的使用

在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。

例：

We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)

She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)

He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)

We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)

2.在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。

例：ask

①Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)

②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)

③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)

④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)

⑤Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用)

⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)

3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有…”

①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.

②有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.

③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).

④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.

⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。

There used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

Is there going to be any activity tonight？

⑥there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job？

There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？

⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：

Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.

There came a knock at the door.

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

⑧用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：

You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)

The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)

There being nothing else to do，we went home.(独立主格结构)