Unit8-Isthereapostoffice-nearhere知识点总结.doc

Unit8 Is there a post office near here?
本单元要掌握的短语
Section A
1a
1.掌握常用的地点名词：
hotel 旅馆 bank银行 supermarket 超市restaurant 饭店 hospital医院
park公园zoo动物园library图书馆clothes store 服装店mall购物中心
pay phone 投币式公用电话post office 邮局police station警察局
bus /train/subway station公共汽车/火车/地铁站 airport机场
关于路桥：
bridge桥road马路street街道highway大路，公路 avenue大街；林荫大道
2掌握表示方位的介词和介词短语：
on 在上面 under 在下面 in在里面
beside在旁边 near 在附近 next to在…..旁边，紧靠…
in front of 在…前面 behind在后面
across from 在….对面 between…and….在…和…之间
3. in the neighborhood 在附近 around here在这周围
4.on Center Street在中央大街上 on the Fifth Avenue 在第五大街
Section B
1c
1. go/ walk along go up /down 沿着……走
go straight( along) ….(沿着)….直走
2. on the right/left（名词）在右边/左边 on one’s left/right在某人的左边/右边
turn left/right（副词） 向左/右转
turn left =turn to the left向左转turn right=turn to the right 向右转
3. at the first(序数词) crossing/turning 在第一个十字路口 /转弯处
at the traffic lights 在交通灯处
4.get to the library=arrive at the library =reach the library到达图书馆
2b
1.. spend time 花时间 look like 看起来像
watch sb doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
5. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 enjoy reading 喜欢阅读
6.clean v 打扫 adj. 干净的(反)- dirty 脏的 cleaner ，名词，清洁工
Section A
1. Excuse me 打扰了，对不起
用法：因询问事情，打扰别人而表示歉意时的用语，常用在问路之前。
sorry 对不起 因做错事，说错话时向别人道歉时的用语。
2. How can/ may I help you? 需要我帮忙吗？
表示向他人伸出援手，主动提出帮助的意思， 类似的句子还有：
e.g. May/Can I help you?= What can I do for you?
Do you need any help?
Is there anything I can do for you?
3. I’m new in town. 我新来此地。
town 表示 所居住的地方或城市里的闹市区; 城里, 为不可数名词。
e.g. Is there a good place to eat here? I’m from out of town.
这儿有吃饭的好地方吗？我对这里不熟。
4.across from 介词词组, 意为“在……的对面”。如：
e.g. We live across from the street. 我们住在街道的对面。
在英语中, “在……的对面”还可以用其他的短语表示, 例如：
1) The bus stop is on the other side of the river. 汽车站在河对面。
2) The fruit shop is opposite the post office.水果店在邮局对面。
5.【辨析】next to与near的区别
从空间讲near 只表示“在……附近”；而next to有“紧挨着”之意；next to比near靠的更近。
e.g. Peter sits next to Mike. 彼特紧挨着迈克坐。
Peter sits near Tom. 彼特坐在汤姆附近。
6.【辨析】辨析between 和among
between 介词, 表示“在……中间”, 常与and 连接, 构成短语。例如：
e.g. I sit between Lucy and Lily. 我坐在露西和莉莉中间。
among 也表示“在……中间”, 但是between 是指在两者之间, 而 among 是指在三者或三者以上的中间。例如：
e.g. My brother is among those boys. 我哥哥在那群男孩中间。
7. in front of和in the front of 在……的前面
1)in front of 在……的前面 强调在某事物范围之外的前面
e.g. There is a bank in front of the hospital.在医院的前面有一家银行。
2)in the front of 在……的前面 强调在某事物范围内的前面
e.g. The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.讲台在教室的前面。
8. cross动词 横过；越过across,介词 横过；穿过
e.g. He has to walk across the river to school.
He has to cross the river to school. 他上学必须穿过一条河。
9. across 和through的区别，都是介词，通常和动词连用
1）across: 表示从一定范围的一边到另一边, 动作在物体表面进行。
go/walk across the road/bridge/street
2）through: 从中间穿过, 动作在内部进行。go through the forest/park
问路指路常用句型：
一．问路
1) Excuse me, where is the ….?
2) Excuse me, is there a ... near here?
3) Excuse me, which is the way to...?
4) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to(去…… 的路)..?
5) Excuse me, how can I get to...?
6) Excuse me, can you tell me how I can get to...?
= Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to...
二．提供问路信息时，可以说：
（1）Go along/down/up this street/road. 顺着这条路往前走。
（2）Go straight ahead and turn left at the third traffic lights. 一直往前走，在第三个红绿灯处左转。
（3）Take the second turning/ crossing on the right/left.
= Turn left/right at the second turning/crossing.
第二个转弯处/十字路口右/左转
（4）Go on until you reach the end.  继续走到路的尽头。
Go along this road to the end.  沿着这条路走到尽头。
（5）You'll see the …on the right/left.  在右/左边，你就能看到…。
（6）It's next to the …/in front of the …/behind the …/on the left (right) of …它与…相邻/在…前面/在…后面/在…左(右边)…
（7）Take the No … bus and it will take you there.
坐…路公共汽车就能一直把你带到那里。
（8）You can't miss it.意思是“It's very easy to find !”你很容易找到它！
Section B
1.spend 花（时间、金钱）
（1）spend …on sth（名词） 在某事或某物上花费
e.g. I usually spend one hour on my homework.我通常花费一个小时做作业
I spend ten yuan on the book.我花10元买这本书
(2) spend …(in) doing 花费……做某事
e.g.I usually spend one hour (in) doing my homework.我通常花费一小时做作业
2.pay v.付钱；付费；付款（过去式为paid）
1）pay for +物 “付钱买某物” e.g. He paid for the books.
2）ay + 钱+for +物 “付多少钱买某物e.g. He paid 200 yuan for the books.
3）pay sb some money for sth =pay some money to sb for sth
e.g. He paid her 20 dollars for the shoes.
He paid 20 dollars to her for the shoes. 他为了买这双鞋付给她20美元。
3. see/watch/hear sb doing sth 看见/观看/听见某人正在做某事
e.g. I love to watch the monkeys climbing around. 我喜欢看猴子到处爬。
I often hear some girls singing in the classroom.
4. To get to the park, you just have to cross Center Street.
to get to the park 是目的状语前置，此句子中的just起增强语气的作用，和此处的have to表示“只要，仅需”。
e.g. To get a good grade, we must study hard.
5. enjoy v.享受；喜爱 enjoyable adj. 高兴的
1)enjoy sth 喜欢某物
2)enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事He enjoys listening to music. 他喜欢听音乐
3)enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴
6.easy 容易的 修饰名词easily 容易地；轻松地 修饰动词
The question is so easy. 这个问题如此简单。
You can get to the library easily. 你很容易就能到达图书馆。
7. It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
e.g. It is our turn to clean the classroom.
Take turns to do sth. 轮流去做某事
e.g. Take turns to clean the blackboard.
语法知识：
There be 句型there be + 主语（名词）+其他，表示在某地有某人或某物
(1)肯定句基本结构：There （there 是引导词，没有词义）be（谓语动词）+sb/sth（某人/物是主语）+地点（作状语，多为介词短语）
eg. There is a bank（可数名词单数） in the neighborhood.
There is some salad （不可数名词）on the table。
There are some students （可数名词复数）in the classroom.
(2)There be 句型就近一致原则
当主语是几个并列名词时，要根据离be动词最近的一个名词来确定be的形式。
谓语动词be 在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。
e.g. There is a boy and two girls in the room.
There are two girls and a boy in the room.
(3) There be 句型的否定句：在be 后加not.
e.g. There is a post office near hear.—There isn’t a post office near here.
(4) There be 句型的一般疑问句：将be 动词提到句首。
肯定回答：Yes，there is /are否定回答：No，there isn’t/aren’t
e.g. Is there a post office near here? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
Are there any restaurants near here? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
（5）.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+be +there +其他
How many students are there in your class?
There be 句型与have/has 的区别：
There be 句型表示客观存在;have/has 表示主观拥有
注意：There be 句型不能与have/has 连用。
佳作欣赏：
I live in a very nice neighborhood. There is a big park near my home. It is my favorite place in the neighborhood because it is relaxing and quiet. It takes me only five minutes to walk there every morning. To get there, I usually walk out and turn left on South Street. Then I walk along South Street. The park is on the right. I like to exercise there.
There is also a big supermarket near the park. The supermarket is between a flower shop and a book store. There is a coffee shop next to the bookstore, too.

.