愤怒的葡萄.pptx

The Grapes of Wrath-by John SteinbeckOutlineAuthorBackgroundPlotCharactersThemesWriting TechniqueJohn Steinbeck(1902-1968)Life ExperiencesWorks and StyleEvaluation Life ExperiencesBorn:1902,Salinas,CaliforniaFather:a government officialMother:school teacherreading British and French classicsStanford University,left without a degree in 1925various types of jobs,such as farm laborer,seaman,newspaper reporter,bricklayer,migratory fruit-pickerbeing a professional writer with his fathers supporta significant Depression writer,miserable life of the poor,a gleam of hope;from radical to conservativeIn 1943,Steinbeck served as a World War II war correspondent.In 1962,Steinbeck won the Nobel Prize for literature.In 1967,he went to Vietnam to report on the war there.In 1968,he passed away in New York City.National Steinbeck Center in Salinas,CaliforniaMajor WorksCup of Gold(1929)金杯金杯Tortilla Flat(1935)煎饼坪煎饼坪In Dubious Battle(1936)胜负未决的战斗胜负未决的战斗Of Mice and Men(1937)人与鼠人与鼠The Grapes of Wrath(1939)愤怒的葡萄愤怒的葡萄CalifornianovelsDustbowltrilogyThe Moon Is Down(1942)月落月落Cannery Row(1945)罐头厂街罐头厂街The Pearl(1947)珍珠珍珠East of Eden(1952)伊甸园以东伊甸园以东The Winter of Our Discontent(1961)烦恼的冬天烦恼的冬天Travels with Charley(1962)同查利旅行同查利旅行Writing Stylemetaphorical languagessignificance of memorycareful choice of words,lavish description,true-to-the-heart portrayal of peopleshort sentences,prophetic and powerful toneEvaluation-Nobel Prize forhisrealisticandimaginativewriting,combiningasitdoessympathetichumorandkeensocialperception.“通过现实主义的、寓于想象的创作，表现出富于同情的幽默和对社会的敏感观察。”Steinbeck Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech“Iholdthatawriterwhodoesnotbelieveintheperfectibilityofmanhasnodedicationnoranymembershipinliterature.”TEM-8Whoistheauthorofthework:TheGrapesofWrath?AJohnSteinbeckBEugeneONeilCFScottFitzgeraldDTheodoreDreiserThefollowingwriterswereawardedNobelPrizeforliteratureexcept_AWilliamFaulknerBFScottFitzgeraldCJohnSteinbeckDErnestHemingwayBackgroundNo.43史文露Socialbackground:AperiodofeconomicdisasterandphysicalwastelandTheGreatDepression(Oct.24.1929)During the early 1930s,a severe drought led to massive agricultural failure in parts of the southern Great Plains,particularly throughout western Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle.DustbowlMapshowingthemajordamagein1932Dust Storm Approaching TexasThe Great Depression in 1930s The Wall Street crash in Oct.24,1929,“the bottom dropped of the stock market”banksfailedfactoriesclosedagriculturewitheredjoblessmillionsroamedthestreetthebreadlessstretchlongabsolutepovertyandstruggledforsurvivalHobo with bindle-stiff(home-made back pack)that carries all his possessionsMajorFeaturesofthe1930sLiteratureContent:SocialinvolvementandconcernaboutthesocietyTechnique:TherevivalofnaturalismandrealisminadditiontotheinfluenceofmodernismPlotNo.2檀结霞RuthieJoadTomJoadMa&PaJimCasyAlJoadRoseofSharonConnieRiversNoahJoadfriendsonsonsonhusbandIntroduction of the Major CharactersdaughterdaughtertheJoadsTheGrapesofWrathPlotAnalysisThe land is changingTomisparoledfromprisonforhomicide.Onhiswayhome,hemeetsJimCasy,aformerpreacherandthetwotraveltogether.Whentheyarriveathischildhoodfarmhome,Oklahoma,theyfinditdeserted.Theresbeenadrought,rampantduststormsCropsaredead,theeconomyisweak,andlandownersmustkicktenantfarmers(liketheJoads)offoftheland.TheGrapesofWrathPlotAnalysis.The Joads must move westward.TheJoadsbuyausedcarandmovewest,likethousandsofotherfamilies,insearchofanewlife,anewhome,andnewopportunity.TheGrapesofWrathPlotAnalysis.California is not all that.Theylosefourmembersofthefamily.OverthousandsofpeoplehavemovedtoCalifornia,alllookingforthesamething:jobs.TheJoadscantfindanyjobsandcantsettledown.Theyarehungry,tired.TheGrapesofWrathPlotAnalysis.Tom kills a man.TomisreunitedwithJimCasy,whohasbecomeanagitator,fightingforworkerrights.TheauthoritiesmurderCasy,andTomkillsoneoftheauthoritiesandhastogointohiding.TheGrapesofWrathPlotAnalysis.Tom runs away,the Joads escape Ruthie reveals Toms wheraabouts accidentallyMafindsTomandsendshimaway.TomheadsofftofulfillJimstaskoforganizingthemigrantworkers.RoseofSharongivesbirthtoastillbornbaby.Thefloodwaterscontinuetorise,TheJoadsleavetheirboxcarinsearchofhigheranddryerground.TheGrapesofWrathPlotAnalysis.A dying man is nursed.RoseofSharonnursesamantoosickfromstarvationtoeatsolidfoodwithhermilk.CharactersJimCasyTomJoadMaJoadNo.11林坤蓉MaJoadanordinaryhousewifestocky,hardworking,obedientbrave,dominant,optimistic,philanthropicchangedgoddessMaJoadMaJoadordinaryhousewifestocky,hardworking,obedientbrave,dominant,optimistic,philanthropic（博爱的）changedgoddessTomJoadegotistdissoluterecklessaggressiveindividualisticaltruistchangedfamily-orientedcaringrevolteddevotedTomJoadTomJoadegotist（利己主义者）dissoluterecklessaggressiveindividualisticaltruist（利他主义者）changedfamily-orientedcaringrevolteddevoted Ill be all around in the dark.Ill be everywhere-wherever you look.Wherever there a fight so hungry people can eat,Ill be there.Wherever there a cop beating up a guy,Ill be there.If Casy knowed,why,Ill be in the way guys yell when theyre mad and-Ill be in the way kids laugh when theyre hungry and they know suppers ready.And when our folks eat the stuff they raise an live in the houses they build-why,Ill be there.See?God,Im talking like Casy.Comes of thinking about him so much.Seems like I can see him sometimes.JimCasypreacherskilled,respectable,skepticalJimCasyJimCasypreacherproletarianleader(无产阶级领导者)skilled,respectable,skepticalselfless,determined,dedicatedchangedMan,he lives in jerks-baby born and a man dies,and thats a jerk-gets a farm and loses his farm,and thats a jerk.Woman,its all one flow,like a stream,little eddies,little waterfalls,but the river,it goes right on.Woman looks at it like that.We aint gonna die out.People is going on-changing a little,maybe,but going right on.ThemesNo.9陈水秀Themes of The Grapes of WrathLies and DeceitMans Inhumanity to Man;The Saving Power of Family and Fellowship;The Multiplying Effects of Selfishness and Altruism.The Dignity of Wrath;Lies and DeceitCentral to The Grapes of Wrath is a single lie:thousands of families moved west to California because they believed it to be the land of plenty,a place full of jobs and opportunity.This lie was spread through a yellow pamphlet dispensed by a Californian landowner looking for workers,and it both gave families a sense of hope and striped them of hope.The Joads were deceived into thinking that their worries would be forgotten once they got to California.Severalentitieshelpedtosustainthislie:thebanks,thecarsalesmen,themerchants,andthelandowners.Mans Inhumanity to ManSteinbeckconsistentlyandsadlypointedoutthefactthatthemigrantsgreatsufferingwascausednotbybadweatherormeremisfortunebutbytheirfellowhumanbeings.Historical,social,andeconomiccircumstancesseparatedpeopleintorichandpoor,landownerandtenant,andthepeopleinthedominantrolesstruggledviciouslytopreservetheirpositions.The Saving Power of Family and FellowshipThe Grape of Wrath chronicledthestoryoftwofamilies:theJoadsandthecollectivebodyofmigrantworkers.AlthoughtheJoadswerejoinedbyblood,thetextarguedthatitwasnottheirgenesbuttheirloyaltyandcommitmenttooneanotherthatestablishedtheirtruekinship.WhentheJoadsmettheWilsonsinaremarkableshorttime,thetwogroupsmergedintoone,sharingoneanothershardshipsandcommittingtooneanotherssurvival.Thismergingtookplaceamongthemigrantcommunityingeneralaswell:“twentyfamiliesbecameonefamily,thechildrenwerethechildrenofall.Thelossofhomebecameoneloss,andthegoldentimeintheWestwasonedream.”Inthefaceofadversity,thelivelihoodofthemigrantsdependedupontheirunion.AsTomeventuallyrealized,“his”peoplewasallpeople.The Multiplying Effects of Selfishness and Altruism.AccordingtoSteinbeck,manyoftheevilsthatplaguedtheJoadsandthemigrantsstemmedfromselfishness.Simpleself-interestmotivatedthelandownersandbusinessmentosustainasystemthatsankthousandsoffamiliesintopoverty.Incontrasttothispolicyofselfishness,themigrantsbehaviortowardoneanotherstoodforaltruism.Realizingthattheirlivelihoodandsurvivaldependedupontheirdevotiontothecollective,themigrantsunitedsharingtheirdreamsaswellastheirburdensinordertosurvive.The Dignity of WrathSteinbeckmadeaclearconnectioninhisnovelbetweendignityandrage.Aslongaspeoplemaintainasenseofinjusticeasenseofangeragainstthosewhoseektoundercuttheirprideinthemselvestheywillneverlosetheirdignity.TheJoadsstoodasexemplaryfiguresintheirrefusaltobebrokenbythecircumstancesthatconspiredagainstthem.Ateveryturn,Steinbeckseemedtointentonshowingtheirdignityandhonor;heemphasizedtheimportanceofmaintainingself-respectinordertosurvivespiritually.MineeyeshaveseenthegloryofthecomingoftheLord:Heistramplingoutthevintagewherethegrapesofwratharestored;HehathloosedthefatefullightningofHisterribleswiftsword:Histruthismarchingon.我的眼睛已经看见主降临的大光荣:祂在踏尽含忿怒的一切不良葡萄种;祂而抽出祂的怒剑发出雷电声隆隆:祂的真理正进行！fromTheBattleHymnoftheRepublic,byJuliaWardHowe:Andtheangelthrustinhissickleintotheearth,andgatheredthevineoftheearth,andcastitintothegreatwinepressofthewrathofGod.Andthewinepresswastroddenwithoutthecity,andbloodcameoutofthewinepress,evenuntothehorsebridles,bythespaceofathousandandsixhundredfurlongs.那天使就把镰刀扔在地上，收取了地上的葡萄，丢在神忿怒的大酒醡中。那酒醡踹在城外，就有血从酒醡里流出来，高到马的嚼环，远有六百里。-圣经启示录andintheeyesofthehungrythereisagrowingwrath.Inthesoulsofthepeoplethegrapesofwratharefillingandgrowingheavy,growingheavyforthevintage.“.在饥饿人的眼中，愤怒在燃烧着。在人的灵魂里愤怒的葡萄被装满、已经很重很沉了。”Writing TechniqueNo.14王秋微王秋微1.Symbol2.Flashback3.Dramaticdescription4.Slangandmetaphor5.Rhythmedlanguage象征倒叙戏剧性描述俚语与暗喻节奏感语言SymbolssymbolsofcharactersymbolsofsceneryJoadsMotherJimCasyTomJoadRoseSharonGrapeWildflower1.JimCasyJesusChristJimCasyisapastor,hisinitialnamesarethesameasJesusChrists(JC).HeledthetwelvediscipleslikeChristtosavepeoplefromsufferingalongjourney,CasyledthosewhoaredestituteandhomelesstowardCalifonia,thesymbolofwealthandhope,finallyhedevotedforthetollingmasses.ItreflectedthededicationofJesustosavehuman.2.TomJoadThomas,thetwelvedisciplesofJesusTomisanicknameforThomas,andoneofthetwelvedisciplesofThomasisJesus.Tomsfamilyhastwelvemembers,inthesymbolofJesustwelvedisciples.3.RoseSharonspregnancyRoseSharonisveryselfishinthebeginningofthenovel.Sheonlywantedtoenjoylifewithherhusband.Whenshewasabandonedbyherhusbandandthebabydiedonthevine,herspiritwasbaptisedandacquiredanewselflessself-awareness.4.JoadsmotherInthebeginningofthenovel,sheappearedasanordinarypeasantwoman,butundertheguidanceandtheharshrealityofCasy,shejumpedoutofhersmallcircle,gleamingthegloryoftheVirginMary.Sheturnedfromasmallfarmwomantothegreatmotherofcaringaboutthewholeworkingclass.BeginningVirginMaryGrapeJesussPeople,Hope,PainInTheBible,grapecontainsmanysymbolicsignificances.First,grapesymbolisesJesuspeople,theoppressionofthetollingmasses.Second,grapeinTheBiblesymbolisesabundanceandhope,isthenewdreamandtheoriginalpowerforthefarmers.Third,grapeisthesymbolofangerandpain.WildFlowerNiceHopeThethinwildflowerfoundbyLucyontheroad,wasplacedonthenicehopeofSteinback.Thesurvivingwildflowersymbolisestherefugeesstrongprimitivevitality.