英国文学.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,.,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,.,*,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片文字樣式,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,.,*,无忧,PPT,整理发布,.,*,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,.,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,Lecturing:Changhong,A Jourey to Soul,1,.,The Seven Deadly Sins,“Seven”,在宗教上是个神秘的数字，上帝用七天造亚当，取出亚当的,第七根肋骨,造了夏娃。撒旦的原身是有七个头的火龙，同时共有七名,堕落天使,被称为撒旦，所以基督教用撒旦的七个恶魔的形象来代表七种罪恶：,饕餮,(Gluttony),、,贪婪,(Greed),、,懒惰,(Sloth),、,淫欲,(Lust),、,嫉妒,(Envy),、,暴怒,(Wrath),、,傲慢,(Pride).,2,.,How to purify your soul?,Reading,Writing,Consideration,Self-examine,Self-evaluation,Self-improving,3,.,1.,上古及中世纪时期（盎格鲁,撒克逊,）,2.,文艺复兴时期,(,莎士比亚时期）,3.,新古典主义时期（启蒙文学,）,4.,浪漫主义时期,5.,维多利亚时期 （现实主义,）,6.,现代主义时期,7.,当代主义时期,Divisions,4,.,The development of UK literature,Old and Medieval English Literature,（约,5C,后期,1485,）,The Renaissance Period(15C,后期,-17C,初）,The Neoclassical Period(17C,中期,18C,中期）,The Romantic Period(17981832),The Victorian Period (18361901),The Modern Period (19181945),The Contemporary Period(1945 now),5,.,Origin of Medieval English Literature,Since historical times,England,where the early inhabitants were Celts(,坎尔特人,),has been conquered three times.,Being conquered by:,the Romans(affect little),the Anglo-Saxons,（盎格鲁,-,萨克森）,(brought the Germanic language and culture),the Normans(brought a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization Greek culture,Roman law and Christian religion ),6,.,The 1,st,phase,：,1066-the mid-14century,(Almost a barren period in literature creation,）,The 2,nd,phase:,The second half of 14,th,century,(English literature started to flourish:Geoffrey Chaucer,William Langland,John Gower and so on ),Norman Conquest,7,.,Language,After the Norman conquest,three languages co-existed in England.,French official language used by the king and the Norman lords,Latin the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities,Old English Being spoken only by the common English people,8,.,Old English Literature,From about 450 to 1066,the year of the Norman conquest,Generally speaking,the Old English Poetry can be divided into two groups:,The religious group,The secular,（世俗的,)group,The former is mainly on biblical themes,such as the Old Testament and the New Testament,9,.,Beowulf,A typical example of Old English Poetry,is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo Saxons.However,the hero and the setting of Beowulf have nothing to do with England,for the story took place in Scandinavia.Beginning and ending with the funeral of a great king,and composed against a background of impending(,即将来临的）,disaster,Beowulf describes the exploits of a Scandinavia hero,in fighting against the monster Grendel,his revengeful(,充满仇恨的）,mother,，,and a fire-breathing(,喷火的）,dragon.,10,.,Literati and Their Works,11,.,Man of letters,Geoffrey Chaucer,presented us a comprehensive picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all works of life in his masterpiece,The Canterbury Tales,(,坎特伯雷故事）,While,William,is a more realistic writer who dealt with the religious and social issues of his day in,Piers Plowman,(,庄稼汉皮艾尔斯）,12,.,Chaucer,13,.,Chaucer and Renaissance,The influence of Renaissance was already felt in the field of English Literature when Chaucer was learning from the Italian writers like Petrarch(,彼得拉克）,and Boccaccio(,薄加丘）,in the last 14,th,century.,He affirmed mans right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism(,禁欲主义）,he praised mans energy,intellect,quick wit ad love of live;he exposed and satirizied the social vices(,不道德的行为），,including religious abuses(,陋习）。,So Chaucer born marks of humanism(,具有人文主义的印记）,and anticipated a new era(,新世纪）,to come.,14,.,The Renaissance Period,The Renaissance Period marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.It refers to the period between,the 14,th,and mid-17,th,centuries,.It,first started in Italy,with the flowering of painting,sculpture and literature.From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.The Renaissance which means,rebirth or revival,is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events,such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture,the new discoveries in geography and astrology(,占星学），,the religious reformation and the economic expansion.,15,.,Humanism,What is the essence of,the Renaissance?,16,.,The Literature Giants(,文学巨匠）,*,Francis Bacon,（弗兰西斯,培根）,4.,*,William Shakespeare,（威廉,莎士比亚）,3.,*,Christopher Marlowe,（克里斯托夫,马洛）,2.,Edmund Spenser(,埃德华,斯宾塞）,1.,5.,*,John Donne,（约翰,多恩）,6.,*,John Milton (,约翰,弥尔顿）,17,.,Spenser “the poets poet”,MasterpiecesThe Faerie Queene(,仙后,),The five main qualities of Spenser poetries are:,1)a perfect melody;,（韵律）,2,）,a sense of beauty;,（玄妙的美感）,3)a splendid imagination,；,4)a lofty moral purity and seriousness,；,(,崇高的道德纯洁性与严肃性）,5)a dedicated idealism,.(,献声的理想主义）,18,.,Marlowe,-the pioneer of English drama,Two greatest achievements,：,The blank verse,(,无韵体诗,),Creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama,(,创造了文艺复兴时期的人物形象）,19,.,PLAYS,Tamburlaine(,帖木儿）,Dr.Faustus(,浮士德博士）,The Jew of Malta(,马耳他岛的犹太人,),Edward II(,爱德华二世）,POETRY,Hero and the Leander(,海咯与勒安德尔）,The Passionate,Shepherd to His Love,(,激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘,),20,.,21,/9,How much do you know about Shakespeare?,21,.,William Shakespeare,(1564-1616),38 plays,The 1,st,period:Apprenticeship(,学徒期）,5 history plays:Henry VI,Part I,II,III,Richard III,4 comedies:The comedy of errors,The 2,nd,period:Highly individually,（高度个性化）,5 history plays:Richard II,King John,6 comedies:A Midnight of Summer,The Merchant of Venice,，,As You Like It,Twelfth Night,2 tragedies:Romeo and Juliet,Julius Caesar,The 3,rd,Period:Greatest tragedies and Dark comedies,（悲剧和悲喜剧）,7gratest tragedies:Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,Macbeth,2 Comedies:Alls Well That Ends Well,Measure for Measure,The 4,th,Period:romantic tragicomedies:(,浪漫悲喜剧,),The Tempest,The Winters Tale,22,.,23,.,24,.,Shakespeares Birthplace,25,.,斯特拉特福,莎士比亚的故乡,26,.,Shakespeare Hotel,27,.,Other Achievements,154 sonnets(,十四行诗）,2 long narrative poems,28,.,Sonnet 18,Shall I compare thee to a summers day?,Thou art more lovely and more temperate:,Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease bath all too short a date:,Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;,And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmed;,But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor loss possession of that fair thou owst;,Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst:,So long as men can breath,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.,29,.,Classic Sentences,To be or not to be,that is question,生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题。,Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.,宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子,Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep.,静水流深。,Sweet are the uses of adversity.,苦尽甘来。,30,.,Francis Bacon,Philosopher,Scientist,He lays the foundation for,modern science with his insistence on,scientific way of thinking and fresh observation,rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.,Essayist,31,.,Works,The 1,st,group:,The advancement of learning,Novum Organum(,新工具）,Literary works:,Apophthagmes New and Old(,新旧格言集）,32,.,The advancement of learning,Two sorts of knowledge,the Devine Revolution,the working of human mind,Mans understanding consists of three parts,history to mans memory,poetry to mans imagination and creation,philosophy to mans reason,33,.,Appreciation,Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourage;and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business.,-Of Studies,读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。,34,.,Crafts man contemn studies,simple man admire them,and wise man use them.,有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士进读书。,Reading maketh a full man,conference a ready man,and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。,Histories makes men wise;poets,witty;the mathematics,subtle;natural philosophy,deep;moral,grave;logic and rhetoric,able contend.,读史使人明智，读史使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。,35,.,John Donne,The leading figure of the“metaphysical school”(,玄学派,)-a rebellious spirit,Braking away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry.,The imagery is drawn from the actual life.,The form is frequently that of an argument od with the poets beloved,with God,or with himself.,36,.,John Milton,Paradise Lost,（失乐园）,It is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since,Beowulf,.,Paradise Regained,（复乐园）,Samson Agonistes(,力士参孙）,-verse drama -from the Bible,37,.,John Milton,Where is,Paradise Lost,drawn from?,The Old Testament,38,.,Paradise Lost,Satan and other angels rebel against God,but they are defeated and driven from Heaven into Hell.Even amidst the furnace of Hell,Satan is determined to fight back.He assumes the shape of a snake and comes to the garden of Eden,a paradise where Adam and Eve live.God,after knowing Satans plot,sends the Archangel Raphael(,长拉弗尔）,to warn Adam and Eve of Satan.However Satan still succeeds in seducing Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge,which has been totally forbidden by God.As a result,Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise and thereafter live a life full of hardship.,39,.,Cambridge,Edmund Spenser,Christopher Marlow,Francis Bacon,John Donne,John Milton,Oxford,John Donne,40,.,University of Cambridge,41,.,The University of Oxford,42,.,The neo-classical period and The Victorian period,43,.,The neo-classical period,Alexander Pope,Jonathan swift,Daniel Defoe,44,.,Daniel Defoe(1660?-1731),45,.,Simple Introduce,1 English writer,journalist,and pamphleteer,He was also a pioneer of economic journalism,2.,Robinson Crusoe,46,.,Representatives,Charles dickens,Jane Austen,George Eliot,Thomas hardy,47,.,Jane Austen(1775-1817),sense and sensibility,Pride and prejudice,Mansfield park,Emma,48,.,Pride and prejudice,这部作品以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和,矫揉造作,的写作方法，生动地反映了,18,世纪末到,19,世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的,英国,乡镇生活和世态人情。,49,.,英国文学,The Victoria perio,50,.,Contents,The characteristics of literature,at Victoria,Introduction of Representative,Representatives Famous Works,51,.,Q:What are t,he characteristics of literature,at Victoria period?,vast,Diversified,Reflecting the reality,of peoples life,Conceived a group,of literary giant,52,.,Representatives,Charles Dickens(1812-1870),The Bronte sisters,George Eliot,Thomas Hardy,Afred Tennyson(1809-1892),53,.,Charles Dickens,19,世纪英国,批判现实主义小说家。,主要作品,匹克威克外传,、,雾都孤儿,、,老古玩店,、,艰难时世,。,54,.,Charles Dickens,作品特点及意义：,特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“,小人物,”,的生活遭遇，深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实。,为英国,批判现实主义文学,的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献，对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。,55,.,Oliver Twist,56,.,Oliver Twist,1838,年出版的写实小说。,以雾都伦敦为背景,。,讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇,。,主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。,57,.,Oliver Twist,本书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。,本书曾多次改编为电影、电视及舞台剧。,世界知名导演罗曼,.,波兰斯基于,2005,年也曾将此书拍成电影。,58,.,The Bronte sisters,在英国文学史上，勃朗特姐妹是一个奇特的现象。她们既作为璀璨的星座而闪耀，又作为单独的巨星而发 光。,简,爱,和,呼啸山庄,经过一百多年时间的考验，仍,在世界文学宝库中占据了不可动摇的地位。,59,.,Jane and Wuthering Heights,60,.,George Eliot,1819,年,11,月,22,日,1880,年,12,月,22,日。原名玛丽,.,安,.,伊万斯（,Mary Ann Evans,），出生在华威郡一个中产阶级商人家庭（父亲曾是木匠，后暴发成为房地产商人）。,英国小说家，与狄更斯和,萨克雷,齐名。其主要作品有,弗洛斯河上的磨坊,，,米德尔马契,等。,61,.,米德尔马契,是艾略特较成熟的一部作品,也被许多批评家认为是她的代表作,.,小说塑造了约一百五十个,圆型,或,扁平,人物,并将他们安排在错综复杂的社会关系中,再现了一个完整的社会结构,.,作家成功塑造的这组人物群像,既栩栩如生,又能感觉到他们那来自艺术世界的特殊韵味,.,Middlemarch,62,.,Thomas Hardy,哈代,的作品反映了资本主义侵,入英国农村城镇后所引起的社会,经济、政治、道德、风俗等方面,的深刻变化以及人民（尤其是妇女）,的悲惨命运，揭露了资产阶级道德、,法律和宗教的虚伪性。,作品承上启下。既继承了英国批判现实主义的优秀传统，也为,20,世纪的英国文学,开拓了道路。,63,.,Tess of the DUrbervilles,64,.,Afred Tennyson,英国,19,世纪的著名诗人，在世声誉极高。,生于英国林肯郡,，出身牧师家庭，他的诗作题材广泛，想象丰富，形式完美，词藻绮丽，音调铿锵。,其,131,首的组诗,悼念,被视为英国文学,史上最优秀哀歌之一，因而获桂冠师人称号。,65,.,Ulysses,66,.,The Literature of United Kingdom,67,.,The Modern Period(19141945,年,),（现代主义文学）,The Postmodern Period,（,1945,）,（当代文学）,68,.,contents,1,、,Two world wars of the influence of English literature,2,、,Literature masters,3,、,Words of famous people,69,.,The Modern Period(19141945,年,),Two World War has great influence on literature,Especially in the 1914 to 1918 years of war,Britain is overcome and suffered heavy losses,an entire generation of gifted young died in the trench,（战壕）,.The literature of wars were almost all,trauma literature,（创伤文学）,.,70,.,After The World War II,English literature masterpieces still constantly.,Literature is a mirror of the history,the second world war have caused heavy blow to UK in every aspect of society,English literature in its every way was effected by world war II,but it is different from a postwar British literature of prosperity,but appeared pluralistic development situation,except in some ways have innovation and the breakthrough and other things are become uneven.In addition,a period of female writers has new development and breakthrough,so this time literature has its particularity,.,71,.,文学作品是历史特别是战争的一面镜子,第二次世界大战给英国社会的方方面面都造成了沉重的打击,英国文学在其每一方面都深受二战的影响,但它不同于一战后的英国文学的繁荣昌盛,而是出现了多元化的发展局面,除了在某些方面有革新和突破外,其他方面都变得参差不齐,另外,这一时期女作家在这个方面的作品也有新的发展和突破,因此这一时期的文学具有其特殊性。,72,.,Literature masters,73,.,The Modern Period(19141945,年,),萧伯纳（,George Bernard Shaw,，,1856.7.26,1950.11.2,）,约翰,高尔斯华绥（,John Galsworthy),（,1867-1933,）,托马斯,斯特尔那斯,艾略特（,Thomas Stearns Eliot,，,1888.9.26,1965.1.4,）,戴维,赫伯特,劳伦斯（,David Herbert Lawrence,，,1885,1930,）,74,.,萧伯纳（,George Bernard Shaw,）,75,.,部分作品,Widowers Houses,鳏夫的房产,Saint Joan,圣女贞德,Pygmalion,历史剧,卖花女,（,1964,年改编成电影,窈窕淑女,，奥黛丽,赫本主演，当年获奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳改编音乐等八座小金人。）,76,.,萧伯纳的爱情观,他说：爱上一个人不需要靠努力，只需要靠“际遇”，是上天的安排，但是“持续地爱一个人”就要靠“努力”，在爱情的经营中，顺畅运转的要素就是沟通、体谅、包容与自制,(,面临诱惑有所自制,),。有许多人总是被“际遇”所迷惑与苦恼，意念不停、欲念不断、争逐不散，而忘了培养经营感情的能力才是幸福的关键。所以不要去追问到底谁才是我的,Mr.Right,，而是问在眼前的伴侣关系中，我能努力到什么程度、成长到什么程度，若没有培养出经营幸福的能力，就算真的,Mr.Right,出现在你身边，幸福依然会错过的，而活在犹豫与遗憾当中，这不就是许多“爱情虚无症”的遭遇与心态吗？,77,.,约翰,高尔斯华绥（,John Galsworthy),高尔斯华绥的作品以十九世纪后期和二十世纪初期的英国社会为背景，描写了英国资产阶级的社会和家庭生活，以及盛极而衰的历史。他的作品语言简练，形象生动，讽刺辛辣。,78,.,20,世纪英国现实主义小说三杰：威尔斯、高尔斯华绥、阿诺德,贝内特,高尔斯华绥的重要作品有：,长篇小说三部曲,福尔赛世家,、,三部曲,现代喜剧,这两组长篇小说通过对一个资产阶级家族兴亡史的描写，反映从,19,世纪,80,年代至,20,世纪,20,年代英国资产阶级走向堕落和腐朽的历史。,79,.,托马斯,艾略特,poem,诗,荒原,（,The Waste Land,，,1922,）,prose,散文,朗伯斯后的沉思,（,Thoughts After Lambent,，,1931,年）,Drama,剧本,老政治家,（,The Elder Statesman,，,1958,年）,80,.,1948,年，,60,岁的艾略特迎来了他一生中最大的荣誉,诺贝尔文学奖,。,81,.,戴维,赫伯特,劳伦斯,自传体作品,儿子与情人,，,儿子与情人,的出版后，劳伦斯才确立了杰出小说家的地位。,代表作两部：,虹,和,恋爱中的女人,82,.,The Postmodern Period,（,1945,至今）,自从,2001,年以来，先后有奈保尔、库切、莱辛三位英国作家荣获诺贝尔文学奖,金斯利,艾米斯、约翰,布莱恩,多丽斯,莱辛,奥斯本的,愤怒的回顾,也标志著本世纪英国戏剧的第二次高潮的开始。,J.K,罗琳,83,.,全名,：,Joanne Kathleen Rowling,(,乔安妮,凯瑟琳,罗琳,),笔名,：,J.K.Rowling,84,.,24,岁那年，罗琳在曼彻斯特前往伦敦的火车旅途中，一个瘦弱、戴着眼镜的黑发小巫师