感官动词和使役动词.doc

感官动词和使役动词
使役动词，比如 let make have就是3个比较重要的
have sb to do 没有这个用法的
只有have sb doing.听凭某人做某事
have sb do 让某人做某事
have sth done 让某事被完成（就是让别人做）
另外：
使役动词
1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等。
2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。
He made me laugh.
他使我发笑。
I let him go.
我让他走开。
I helped him repair the car.
我帮他修理汽车。
Please have him come here.
请叫他到这里来。
3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。
I have my hair cut every month.
我每个月理发。
4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。
(主)He made me laugh.
他使我笑了。
(被)I was made to laugh by him.
我被他逗笑了。
使役动词有以下用法：
a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事
??i had him arrange for a car.
b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。
??he had us laughing all through lunch.
注意：用于否定名时，表示“允许”
i won't have you running around in the house.
我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。
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小议“使役动词”的用法
1. have sb do 让某人干某事
e.g:What would you have me do?
have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任
e.g: I won't have women working in our company.
The two cheats had the light burning all night long.
have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到
e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out.
He had his pocket picked.
notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。
2.make sb do sth 让某人干某事
e.g:They made me repeat the story.
What makes the grass grow?
notes: I was made to repeat the story.
make sb/sth done/adj./n
e.g. The news made him happy.
He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
His actions made him universally respected.
He made her his wife.
3.get sb to do 使某人干某事
e.g: I can't get anyone to do the work properly.
get sth done 让别人干某事
e.g: I must get my hair cut.
Can you get the work finished in time?
4.leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事
e.g: We left him to paint the gate.
I'll leave you to settle all the business.
leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态
e.g: Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
We left him painting the gate.
leave sth done/adj./prep.phrase
e.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.
His illness has left him weak.
I was left with a ray of hope.
A) 感官动词(及物)有：
see/notice/look at/watch /observe/listen to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt)
(B)连缀动词(含感官不及物)
be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run
一、see, hear, feel, watch, look,这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：
These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。
二、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。例如：
Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。
三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,其主语通常是人。例如:
She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。
I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。
四、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"taste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。例如:
The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。
五、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。例如:
May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗？
六、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if +从句"结构，意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。例如：
It looks as if our class is going to win.看来好像我们班要获胜了
1.
在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：
feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
经典例子
On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.
还有
①上述感觉动词与使役动词（如make, let，have等）转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。
2.超级深入的介绍（由于太多，挑了个经典的来介绍一下）
Feel 和 Feeling 感觉的正确用法
①.基本说明
feel 是感官动词，后面通常接形容词来形容感觉，如果需要后接一个句子，
则用 feel like 或 feel as if/though 带出。feeling 是它的名词，
当在描述你的感觉时多用复数形式加上 –s。
② 错误发生及修正
A. feel 后面接了不正确的词性
例：I feel terribly about this accident. (X)
I feel terrible about this accident. (O)
我对这起意外感到很难过。
记得 feel 后面要接形容词，其它类似的感官动词包括
smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来) 等，
另外等于 be 动词作用的连缀动词 look (看起来), seem (好像是) 后面也是接形容词。
B. 用到 feel like 但是后面没有接子句
例：You feel like in a jungle when you live in the city. (X)
You feel like you are in a jungle when you live in the city. (O)
当你住在城市里，会感觉好像住再丛林一样。
feel like 还有 feel as if/though 后面都是接有主词有动词的子句。
C. feeling 用了单数表达感觉
例：It is necessary to express your feeling from time to time. (X)
It is necessary to express your feelings from time to time. (O)
不时表达你的感觉是必要的。
feelings 用复数形是指你对某事的看法观感。
例：My own feelings are that you shouldn’t be so mean to your sister.
我的感觉是你不用对你姐姐那么坏。
例：He used to hide his feelings in front of people.
他以前习惯在别人面前隐藏起他的感觉。
3.其它记法
一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch
“注意”“观察”“听到”see，
还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，
后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号
“to”，此点千万要牢记。
4.类似的介绍
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
believe, doubt, see, hear, know, understand, belong, think, consider, feel, look, seem, show, mind, have sound, taste, require, possess, care, like ,hate, love, detest, desire.
简单记忆：
永远不要说 I’m believing … or He is seeing a house. 简单说这些词后面不要随意加---ing.
注意：
have a party/think about 可以用进行时，因为这里的”have” 意为“举行”; “think “ 意为“考虑”
牛津实用英语语法 273 位于表示感觉的动词之后
A 这类表示感觉的动词主要有see，hear，feel，smell以及listen（to），notice和watch。它们可与宾语+ 现在分词连用：
I see him passing my house every day．
我每天看见他从我房前走过。
Didn’t you hear the clock striking？
你没听见时钟响了吗？
I felt the car skidding．
我感觉到汽车在打滑。
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising．
她闻到有东西着了，还看见烟在冒。
I watched them rehearsing the play．
我看着他们排练那场戏。
由现在分词表示的动作可以是到目前已结束的，也可以是仍在进行的。I saw him changing the wheel（我看见他换轮子）可以指看见了动作的整个过程，也可指只看见动作的一部分。
B see，hear，feel以及 listen（to），notice 和 watch后面也可接宾语+ 不带to的不定式：
We saw him leave the house．
我们看见他离开了家。
I heard him make arrangements for his journey．
我听见他安排他的旅行。
这里的不定式含有整个动作结束了的意思，I saw him changethe wheel意指我看到了动作的全过程。
C 两种形式的比较
由于现在分词既可表示动作到目前为止已结束，也可表示仍在进行之中，所以它的用法较为普遍。但意欲强调这一动作到目前为止已经结束时，要用不带to的不定式。此外，表达一连串的动作时它比分词形式在形式上要简练些：
I saw him enter the room，unlock a drawer，take out a document，photo-graph it and put it back
我看见他进了屋，打开抽屉，拿出文件，拍完照又放了回去。
D 在被动语态中，句子的动词之后要用带to的不定式：
He was heard to say that the minister had been bribed．
人家听见他说部长受贿了。
感观动词都是系动词,后面通常是加名词,俗称系表结构
感官动词有(see,watch,observe,look at, hear, listen to ,notice);
感官动词有一个重要用法：感官动词+宾语+do，在用作被动语态要补出to.例如:I heard her sing an English song just now.
She was heard to sing an English song just now.
另外，使役动词包括(have,let,make)也有这种用法。如：
I saw him go upstairs just now.
He was seen to go upstairs just now

感官动词一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三看see,notice,observe等一般后面可以加动词原形或者动词ing形式，如see sb do sth 和see sb doing sth后者强调看见某人正在做某事。
而使役动词Let,make,have,get，基本形式let/make/have sb do sth,而get sb to do sth。这几个使役动词要注意的是在他们的被动态中，除了let，其他的to都要还原，也就是比如说make sb do sth--sb be made to do。
而let。i let him go.--he is let go.

使役動詞的用法
所謂「使役」，就是叫人家去做事情，如：
不同的時態，動詞仍是用「原形」。
1. 老師叫 John 到辦公室拿他的書
2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗車子
3. 王先生昨天讓他們坐在那邊。
The teacher made John get his book in the office.
Father makes me wash the car tomorrow afternoon.
Mr. Wang let them sit there yesterday.　（let 的過去式）
Professor Villa had her students read four short novels in one week
He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。
I let him go. 我讓他走了。
I helped him repair the car. 我幫他修汽車。
Please have him come here. 請叫他到這來。
要加 to 的
I decide to set them free.
I told her to wait a moment.
The teacher wanted John to get his book in the office.
Father wants me to wash the car tomorrow afternoon.
Mr. Wang asked them to sit there yesterday.
. I need Jack to answer the question.

背下底下的片語：
need to ...
learn to ...
want (人) to ...
ask 人 to ...
tell 人 to ...
decide to ...

1. The dish smells delicious.
2. What does the cake look like?
3. The news made her angry.
4. I saw them playing basketball in the gym yesterday.
5. I feel like taking a hot-spring bath.
I make Tom fix the computer
Your words made me happy.
Ving 動名詞
He forgot to close the window. (忘記關窗戶)
He forgot closing the window. (忘記自己有關窗戶)
Please remember to write a letter. (記得去寫一封信)
I remember writing a letter. (記得自己寫了一封信)
He stops smoking. (停止吸煙)
He stops to smoke. (停下來去吸煙)
Ving當主詞
Getting up early every day is really not easy.
Listening to English songs is fun.
Taking a hot bath is great.
Ving當受詞
Good learners enjoy learning English.
He didn't finish speaking yesterday.
You have to keep reading English stories.
They practice playing tennis every day.
有些動詞後則可接「不定詞」和「動名詞
He started learning to surf the Internet last week.
　He started to learn to surf the Internet last week.
I love drinking some tea after dinner.
　I love to drink some tea after dinner.
The boy tried to make a chair.
　The boy tried making a chair.
當作介詞的受詞
be afraid of, think of, worry about, talk about, be careful about, be good at
I worried about speaking English.
She is afraid of making new friends.
Helen is good at cooking.
Tina thinks of roller-blading with her brother.
感官動詞句型
S＋感官動詞＋受詞＋原形動詞 表事實-主動
I saw him drink a Coke
We watched the children play basketball.
S＋感官動詞＋受詞＋動名詞Ving 強調動作正在進行
I saw her drinking a cup of coffee
They saw the boy playing the piano
辨析
I saw him leave the house.
I saw him leaving the house.
l雖然兩句話的中文都可以是「我看見他離 l開這間房子」，但是有意義上的差。
l第一句是我目睹了他離開房子的整個過程，動作從頭到尾我都看見了
l第二句是正在離開房子時，我看到了，是 動作進行中所見的。
S＋感官動詞＋受詞＋過去分詞 表示被動
I saw Tom sent to hospital.
我看見Tom被送進了醫院
John saw the man knocked down by the car.
約翰看見這名男子被車撞倒
S＋感官動詞＋形容詞
The song sounds wonderful
Mary looked angry today
S＋感官動詞＋like ＋名詞
Kevin looks like a clown
Snake meat tastes like chicken

使役动词have的用法：
有这样一个句子：
He had his favorite Alsatian dog poisoned and two other dogs in the household shot．他命令把他心爱的阿尔萨斯狼犬毒死，将家中的另两条狗击毙。
此句中的结构“have ＋名词＋done”中的have是使役动词（causative verb）。表示“让某人来完成某动作”。表示使役意义的have，主要用于以下三种结构中：
1．have ＋宾语＋过去分词
这种结构一般有两种意义，一为“致使”，二为被动。前者表示主语的意志致使某事发生或被做到，后者则与主观意志完全无关。
1）表示主观的意志
I must have this table photocopied．
我必须（找人）把这个表格复印出来。
Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden．I should have them pulled up．
那些植物在园子里的那个地方不太合适。我要（叫人）把它们拔掉。
表示主观意志的have也可以用get代替，例如：
Where can I get（have）this printed？
我在哪里能（找人）把这份东西打印出来呢？
He'll get（have）his teeth knocked down one of these days．
他迟早有一天会挨揍的。
2）与主观意志完全无关
He has his leg broken in a fall．他的腿摔断了。
I had my pocket picked on the subway．我在地铁里，口袋被人掏了。
2．have ＋宾语＋不定式（不带to）
这种结构一般表示“让某人做某事”。例如：
I have my children clean the house before you arrive．
在你们来之前，我让孩子们把屋子打扫干净了。
Our manager won't have us criticize his work．
我们经理不许我们批评他的工作。
I should like to have you meet Mr．Davis．
我想让你和戴维斯先生认识一下。
这个结构中have有时也可以用get代替，但这时后面的动词不定式需带to，例如：
I got him to write a letter to my employer．我要他写一封信给我的雇主。
Get him to come early．叫他早点来。
3．have ＋宾语＋现在分词
这种结构有两种意思，一是使某人做某事，二是与否定词连用，表示不许某人做某事。
1）have ＋宾语＋现在分词（叫某人做某事）
We finally managed to have her talking about herself．
我们终于使她开始谈自己的事。
We'll soon have your car going again．我们很快就会让你的汽车重新开动起来。
2）not have ＋宾语＋现在分词（不许某人做某事）
I won't have you smoking in the sitting room．
我不许你在起居室里抽烟。
I can't have my son doing such a thing．
我不能让我的儿子做这样的事。