Chinesecalligraphyandpainting中国书法和绘画.pptx

ChineseCalligraphy&PaintingGroup members:林*郭*彭*苏*vChinesecalligraphyisaformofcalligraphywidelypracticedandreveredintheSinosphere(汉字文化圈),whichoftenincludesChina,Japan,Korea,andVietnam.vApracticevAnartPicassooncesaidthathadhebeenbornChinese,hewouldhavebeenacalligrapher,notapainter.EvolutionandStylesvAncientChinaJigwncharacterscarvedonoxscapulasandtortoiseplastronsaround14th-11thcenturyBCE.Jnwn(Bronzewarescript)Dzhun(LargeSealScript)InfluencevCalligraphyhasalsoledtothedevelopmentofmanyformsofartinEastAsia,includingsealcarving(篆刻)、ornatepaperweights(纸镇)andinkstones(砚台)。vCalligraphyhasinfluencedmostmajorartstylesinEastAsia,includingInkandwashpainting(水墨画),astyleofChinese,Korean,Japanesepainting,andVietnamesepaintingbasedentirelyoncalligraphy.EvolutionandStylesvImperialChinaXiozhuncharacters.Inabout220BC,theemperorQinShiHuang,imposedseveralreforms,andexcutedthecharacterunification.TheLshstyle(clericalscript)ismoreregularized,andinsomewayssimilartomoderntext,werealsoauthorisedunderQinShiHuang.Kishstyle(traditionalregularscript)stillinusetodayandattributedtoWangXizhi(王羲之,303-361)andhisfollowers,isevenmoreregularized.EvolutionandStylesvCursivestylessuchasXngsh(semi-cursiveorrunningscript)andCosh(cursiveorgrassscript)arelessconstrained(拘泥的)andfaster,wheremoremovementsmadebythewritingimplementarevisible.vThesestylesstrokeorders(笔画顺序)varymore,sometimescreatingradicallydifferentforms.TheyaredescendedfromClericalscript,inthesametimeasRegularscript(HanDynasty),butXngshandCoshwereuseforpersonalnotesonly,andwereneverusedasstandard.Cosh(cursiveorgrassscript)Xngsh(semi-cursiveorrunningscript)ToolsvFourTreasuresoftheStudy(文房四宝)inkbrushes,Chineseink,paper,&inkstonevDeskpads(桌垫)andpaperweights(纸镇)vSealandSealpaste(印章&印泥)Technique:principlesvTheshape,size,stretchandtypeofhairinthebrush,thecoloranddensityoftheink,aswellastheabsorptivespeedandsurfacetexture(表面纹理)ofthepaperarethemainphysicalparametersinfluencingthefinalresult.vThecalligrapheralsoinfluencestheresultbythequantityofink/waterheletsthebrushtakeup,thenbythepressure,inclination,anddirectionhegivestothebrush,producingthinnerorbolderstrokes,andsmoothortoothedborders.vEventually,thespeed,accelerationanddecelerationofthewritersmoves,turns,andcrochets(钩边)andthestrokeordergivethespirittothecharactersbyinfluencinggreatlytheirfinalshape.Technique:principlesvCalligraphyissheerlifeexperiencedthroughenergyinmotionthatisregisteredastracesonsilkorpaper,withtimeandrhythminshiftingspaceitsmainingredients.-Stanley-BakerStudyvPeoplebornafter1980tendtohaveadistinctivestyleofhandwriting:alittlebitsloppy,alittlebitchildishandalmostneverincursive.vSincethedevelopmentofregularscript,nearlyallcalligraphershavestartedtheirstudybyimitatingexemplarymodelsofregularscript.StudyvTraditionally,thebulkofthestudyofcalligraphyiscomposedofcopyingstrictlyexemplaryworksfromtheapprenticesmasterorfromreputedcalligraphers,thuslearningthembyrote.vThemastershowingtherightwaytodrawitems,whichtheapprenticehavetocopystrictly,continuously,untilthemovebecomesinstinctiveandthecopyperfect.Derivationfromthemodelisseenasafailure.StudyvCompetencyinaparticularstyleoftenrequiresmanyyearsofpractice.Correctstrokes,strokeorder,characterstructure,balance,andrhythmareessentialincalligraphy.AstudentwouldalsodeveloptheirskillsintraditionalChinesearts,asfamiliarityandabilityintheartscontributestotheircalligraphy.evaluationandappreciationv1.Thecharacters(汉汉字字)mustbewrittencorrectly.CalligraphicworksoftenusevariantChinesecharacters(汉字的变体汉字的变体)，whichareconsideredcorrectorincorrectonacase-by-casebasis(在在个案基础上个案基础上),butingeneral,morepopularvariantsaremorelikelytobecorrect.v2.Thecharactersmustbelegible(清晰的清晰的容易辨认的）Ascalligraphyisthemethodofwritingwell,acalligraphicworkmustberecognizableasscript,furthermore，beeasilyrecognizedtothosefamiliarwiththescriptstyle(字体),althoughitmaybeillegible(难辨认的)tothoseunfamiliarwiththescriptstyle.v3.Thecharactersmustbeconcise（简明（简明的，简洁的）GoodChinesecalligraphymustbeunadorned(朴素的)script.Itmustalsobeinblackinkunlessthereisareasontowriteinotherink.v4.Thecharactersmustfittheircontext.AllreputablecalligraphersinChinawerewelleducatedandwellread.Inadditiontocalligraphy,theywereskilledinotherareas,mostlikelypainting,poetry,music,opera,martialarts,andchess.Therefore,theirabundanteducationcontributedtotheircalligraphy.Whentheywrite,theircharactersshapeandweightagreeswiththerhythmofthephrases,especiallyinlessconstrained(受限制的)stylessuchassemi-cursive（行草）andcursive.（草书）v5.Thecharactersmustbeaestheticallypleasing(有美感有美感)Generally,charactersthatarewrittencorrectly,legibly,concisely,andinthecorrectcontextarealsoaestheticallypleasingtosomedegree.Name:WangXizhi(王羲之）Time:JinDynastySpecialty:runningscript(行书)Feature:naturalfluentexquisiteTitle:SageofcalligraphyName:OuYangxun(欧阳询）Time:TangDynastySpecialty:regularscript(楷书)Feature:fullofpower(笔力险劲)uniquestructureclearTitle:oneofthethreegreatcalligraphersinTangDynastyName:ZhangXu(张旭）Time:TangDynastySpecialty:cursivescript(草书)Feature:powerfulexplosiveTitle:Sageofcursive(草圣)oneoftheEightimmortalsofthewinecup(饮中八仙)ModernChinesecalligrapherWhatkindofcalligraphytheyare?ChinesepaintingvTheearliestpaintingswerenotrepresentationalbutornamentalvguhu(国画),meaningnationalornativepainting,asopposedtoWesternstylesofartwhichbecamepopularinChinainthe20thcentury.vdonewithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink;oilsarenotused.vThemostpopularmaterialsarepaperandsilk.vmountedonscrolls。Representational:adj.代表的；具象派的,ornamental:adj.装饰的，装饰性的Mounted：安装好的，裱好的；scroll：卷轴，画卷vItwasonlyduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC)thatartistsbegantorepresenttheworldaroundthem.EvolutionvDuringtheTangDynasty,figurepaintingflourishedattheroyalcourt.vthemasterWuDaoziFromhistimeon,inkpaintingswerevaluedasfinishedworksofart.vIntheSongDynastyperiod(9601279)vEmphasiswasplacedonthespiritualqualitiesofthepaintingandontheabilityoftheartisttorevealtheinnerharmonyofmanandnaturevAttheendofNorthernSongperiod,thepoetSuShiandthescholar-officialsinhiscirclecreatedanewkindofartinwhichtheyusedtheirskillsincalligraphytomakeinkpaintings.vDuringtheMongolYuanDynasty(12711368),paintersjoinedtheartsofpainting,poetry,andcalligraphybyinscribing(题写)poemsontheirpaintings.vThefirstbooksillustratedwithcoloredwoodcuts（木版画）appearedaroundtheMingperiod(13681644).vJieziyuanHuazhuan,afive-volumeworkfirstpublishedin1679,hasbeeninuseasatechnicaltextbookforartistsandstudentseversince.vInthelate19thand20thcenturies,ChinesepainterswereincreasinglyexposedtoWesternart.ModernpaintingvBeginningwiththeNewCultureMovement,ChineseartistsstartedtoadoptusingWesterntechniques.vAftertheHundredFlowersCampaignof1956-57,traditionalChinesepaintingexperiencedasignificantrevival.vWangYanibornin1975-whostartedpaintingatage3andhassinceconsiderablycontributedtotheexerciseofthestyleincontemporaryartworkPaintingmode:SixprinciplesvXieHe,awriter,arthistorianandcriticin5thcenturyChinatakenfromthepreface（前言）tohisbookTheRecordoftheClassificationofOldPainters(古画品录)1.SpiritResonance“气韵生动是也resonance:共振；共鸣Vitality:活力，生命力Flow：流动，流量Vitality;Theflowofenergy2.BoneMethod“骨法用笔是也Texture（纹理）andbrushstroke（笔触）Thecloselink3.“CorrespondencetotheObject“应物象形是也4.SuitabilitytoType“随类赋彩是也Thedepicting（描绘）offormLayers，value，tone5.DivisionandPlanning“经营位置是也6.“TransmissionbyCopying”传移模写是也CompositionspacedepthThecopyingofmodels，theworksofantiquity（古人作品）Classifications:Base on techniques（技术手法）Accordingtopaintingtechniques,Chinesepaintingcanbedividedintotwostyles:xieyistyleandgongbistyle.Xieyi(写意写意),(literallypaintingthefeeling),ismarkedbyexaggerated(夸张的)formsandfreehandbrushwork.Gongbi(工笔)(literallymeticulous（极仔细的）brushwork),ischaracterizedbycloseattentiontodetailandfinebrushwork.Itgeneralizes(强调)shapesanddisplaysrichbrushworkandinktechniquesBaseon subject matters(主旨)Classifications:figurepaintings(人物画)Landscapepaintings(风景画)flower-and-birdpaintings(花鸟画)figurepaintings(人物画)AswithmanyaspectsofChinesebrushpainting,figurescanbepaintedasthemainsubjectoftheproposedpaintingormayfeatureasasmallpartofalandscape.FigurepaintingisthoughttobetheoldestelementintraditionalChinesepainting.Landscapepaintings(风景画)LandscapepaintingshavetraditionallybeenChinasfavouriteChinesepaintingastheyshowthepoetryinnature.Itisthe“natureofnature”thattheartisttriestoconveyinaChineselandscapepainting.So,itisnotsomuchaportrait(描写)ofamountainbutacomposite（混合式）ofmanyelementsofnaturethatinviteyoutowanderinimaginationthroughthelandscape.Literallytranslated,theChinesecharactersforlandscapemean“mountainandwater”.AlmostallChineselandscapepaintingsdepict（描写）mountainsandwater,generallyariver.Themountainsrepresentalonglife,andwatertheseaofhappiness.Inharmonytogether,mountainsandwatersymbolizealonghappylife.MostChineselandscapepaintingswillalsoshowmistorcloudswhichsymbolizegoodfortuneandhappinessandareunderstoodtoarisefromtheunionofthetwomainprinciples,yinandyang.flower-and-birdpaintings(花鸟画)FlowersandbirdswerefavoritesubjectsinpaintingsinancientChina,offeringakindofspecialaesthetic（美学的）interest.Asanindependentschool(学派）ofpaintings,flower-and-birdworksoriginatedintheTangDynasty(618-907)andmaturedattheendoftheTangandFiveDynastiesperiod.Baseon painting forms(绘画形式)Classifications:hangingscroll(卷轴画)albumofpaintings(镜框画)fansurface(扇面画)longhorizontalscroll(长卷画)hangingscroll卷轴画Hangingscrollsarebothhorizontalandvertical,usuallymounted(裱画）andhungonthewall.Inanalbumofpaintingstheartistpaintsonacertainsizeofxuanpaperandthenbinds（镶边）anumberofpaintingsintoanalbum,whichisconvenientforstorage.albumofpaintings镜框画Foldingfansandroundfansweremadeofbamboostripswithpaintedpaperorsilkpasted（把(纸等)贴在上）ontheframe.fansurface扇面画longhorizontalscroll长卷画Thelong,horizontalscrollisalsocalledahandscrollandisusuallylessthan50centimetershighbutmaybeupto100meterslong.vSinosphere(汉字文化圈)vsealcarving(篆刻)vpaperweights(纸镇)vinkstones(砚台)vsurfacetexture(表面纹理)vconstrained(拘泥的)vFourTreasuresoftheStudy(文房四宝)vSealandSealpaste(印章&印泥)vRepresentational:adj.代表的；具象派的vornamental:adj.装饰的，装饰性的vinscribing(题写)vpreface（前言）vTheRecordoftheClassificationofOldPainters(古画品录)vresonance（共振；共鸣）vVitality（活力，生命力）vTexture（纹理）andbrushstroke（笔触）Thankyouforlistenging!