A0194_A0194M-06高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格.pdf

Designation:A 194/A 194M 06Endorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure orHigh Temperature Service,or Both1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 194/A 194M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a variety of carbon,alloy,andmartensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14through 4in.and metric M6 through M100 nominal.It also coversaustenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14in.and M6nominal and above.These nuts are intended for high-pressureor high-temperature service,or both.Grade substitutions with-out the purchasers permission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought.The material may be further processed by centerless grindingor by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be solutionannealed or annealed and strain-hardened.When annealed andstrain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S1,the purchasershould take special care to ensure that 8.2.2,SupplementaryRequirement S1,and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements(S1 through S6)of anoptional nature are provided.These shall apply only whenspecified in the inquiry,contract,and order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units.However,unless the order specifies theapplicable“M”specification designation(SI units),the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,theSI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system mustbe used independently of the other.Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating(Hot-Dip)onIron and Steel HardwareA 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature ServiceA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials,or Both,Intendedfor Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the CreepRangeB 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelB 696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB 766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size2.2American National Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of“8”or“9”.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved March 15,2006.Published April 2006.Originallyapproved in 1936.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 194/A 194M05b.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-194 in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1,2,2H,2HM,3,4,6,6F,7,7M,and 16.3.1.3 Lot:3.1.3.1 Unless otherwise specified(see 3.1.3.2),a lot is thequantity of nuts of a single nominal size and grade produced bythe same manufacturing process.3.1.3.2 When Supplementary Requirement S5 is invoked onthe purchase order,the following definitions of a lot shallapply:For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of a singlenominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of steeland made by the same manufacturing process.For All Other Grade Nuts(see 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)All the nutsof a single nominal diameter and grade made from the sameheat number and heat treated in the same batch if batch-typeheat treating equipment is used or heat treated in the samecontinuous run of not more than 8 h under the same conditionsif continuous-type heat treating equipment is used.3.1.4 Type3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the gradedesignated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing process.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the gradedesignated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical addi-tions made for machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometryof the nuts as described in ANSI B 18.2.2 or B 18.2.4.6M.4.Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion shall include the following as required to describe thematerial adequately:4.1.1 Specification designation,year date,and grade,issuedate and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity,number of pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions(see Section 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1,9.1,9.2,10.3,and12,and4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements,if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser.Nuts plated with cadmium or zinc shall bemarked as stated in 13.2.When coated nuts are ordered,thepurchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2is thoroughly understood.It is the purchasers responsibility tospecify in the purchase order all information required by thecoating facility.Examples of such information may include,but are not limited to,the following:4.2.1 Reference to the appropriate coating specification:Specifications B 766,B 696,A 153/A 153M,B 695,B 633,orother specifications as agreed upon by the purchaser andmanufacturer.4.2.2 Requirements for coating thickness and local or batchaverage thickness measurement,or both.4.2.3 Requirements for selective plating or coating or modi-fication of dimensions to accommodate coating.4.2.4 Requirements for hydrogen embrittlement relief.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be usedin low temperature applications(SpecificationA 320/A 320M).5.Common Requirements5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.These requirements include test methods,finish,thread dimen-sions,marking,certification,optional supplementary require-ments,and others.Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification.In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A 962/A 962M,thisspecification shall prevail.6.Manufacture(Process)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shallbe made by one of the following processes:6.1.1 Electric-furnace(with separate degassing and refiningoptional),6.1.2 Vacuum induction furnace,or6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting,or consumable-arc remelting.6.2 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control toeliminate excessive unhomogeneity,nonmetallics,pipe,poros-ity,and other defects.6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged,or shallbe machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars.6.3.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by cold forging or bymachining from cold-drawn bars shall be stress-relief annealedat a temperature of at least 1000 F 538 C.6.3.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or bymachining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be givenany stress relief annealing treatment.6.4 Grades 2H,2HM,3,4,6,6F,7,7M,and 16 nuts shallbe hot-or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars and shall be heat treated to meetthe required mechanical properties.These grades shall bereheated above the critical range of the steel,quenched in asuitable medium,and then tempered at a temperature not lessthan the following:GradeMinimum Tempering Temperature,FC2H850 4552HM1150 62031050 56541100 5956 and 6F1100 59571100 5957M1150 620161200 650Nuts machined from bar heat treated in accordance with thisspecification need not be reheat-treated.For Grade 2HM and7M nuts,a final stress relief shall be done at or above theminimum tempering temperature after all forming,machining,and tapping operations.This final stress relief may be thetempering operation.6.4.1 Grade 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimumof 1 h at the temperature.6.5 Grades 8,8C,8M,8T,8F,8P,8N,8MN,8R,8S,8LN,8MLN,8MLCuN,and 9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged,orshall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled or cold-drawnbars.A 194/A 194M 0626.6 Grades 8A,8CA,8MA,8TA,8FA,8PA,8NA,8MNA,8RA,8SA,8LNA,8MLNA,8MLCuNA,and 9CA nuts shallbe hot-or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall subsequentlybe carbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient timeat a temperature to dissolve chromium carbides followed bycooling at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of thecarbides.7.Chemical Composition7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1.8.Mechanical Requirements8.1 Hardness Test:8.1.1 Requirements:8.1.1.1 All nuts shall meet the hardness requirements speci-fied in Table 2.8.1.1.2 Sample nuts of Grades 1,2,2H,2HM,3,4,7,7M,and 16 which have been given the treatment described in 8.1.5shall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2.8.1.2 Number of Tests(Grades 1,2,2H,3,4,7,and 16and all types of Grade 6):8.1.2.1 Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordancewith the following table shall be performed by the manufac-turer following all production heat treatments:Lot SizeSamplesUp to 8001801 to 800028001 to 22 0003Over 22 00058.1.2.2 In addition,a hardness test shall be performed by themanufacturer in accordance with 8.1.5 on one sample nutselected from each nominal diameter and series from eachgrade and heat number following completion of all productionheat treatments.8.1.3 Number of Tests,Grades 2HM and 7M:8.1.3.1 Each nut shall be tested by Brinell or Rockwellmethods to ensure product conformance.58.1.3.2 In addition,8.1.2.2 shall be met.8.1.4 Number of Tests,All Types of Grade 8Tests on thenumber of sample nuts in accordance with 8.1.2.1 shall beperformed by the manufacturer.8.1.5 Test 2In addition to the testing required by 8.1.2.1the manufacturer shall also perform hardness tests on samplenuts after the following test heat treatment.After completion ofall production heat treatments heat the specimen nuts to thetemperatures indicated below for 24 h,then slow cool.Test atroom temperature.GradeATemperature,F C1850 4552,2H,2HM1000 5403,4,7,7M1100 590161200 650ANuts intended to be coated with zinc or cadmium(marked in accordance withthe requirements of 13.3)are not subjected to the requirements of 8.1.5(SeeAppendix X2).8.1.5.1 Special Requirement,Grades 2HM and 7MPreparation of Grades 2HM and 7M nuts for hardness test andthe hardness test itself shall be performed with consideration to(1)protect legibility of markings;(2)minimize exterior dimen-sional changes;and(3)maintain thread fit.8.2 Proof Load Test:8.2.1 RequirementsAll nuts shall be capable of withstand-ing the proof loads specified in Table 3 and Table 4.However,nuts manufactured to dimensions and configurations other thanthose covered by ANSI B 1.1,ANSI B 1.13M,ANSI B 18.2.2,and B 18.2.4.6M are not subject to the proof load test.8.2.2 Number of Tests:8.2.2.1 The manufacturer shall test the number of nutsspecified in 8.1.2.1 following all production heat treatments.Nuts that would require a proof load in excess of 160 000 lb/for 705 kN may be furnished on the basis of minimum hardnessrequirements.Testing of nuts requiring a proof load in excessof 160 000 lb/f or 705 kN is covered in SupplementaryRequirements S1 amd S4.8.2.3 Test MethodThe test shall be in accordance withAnnex A3,Paragraph A3.5.1,of Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.8.3 Cone Proof Load Test:8.3.1 RequirementsThis test shall be performed onlywhen visible surface discontinuities become a matter of issuebetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.The requirementsspecified in Table 5 and Table 6 shall be met for the sizerange14to 112in.and M6 to M36.Nuts not in this size rangeand all types of Grade 8 nuts are not subject to this test.Also,nuts manufactured to dimensions and configurations other thanthose covered by ANSI B 1.1,ANSI B 1.13M,ANSI B 18.2.2,and ANSI B 18.2.4.6M are not subject to the cone proof loadtest.8.3.2 Number of TestsSample nuts in accordance with8.1.2.1 shall be tested by the manufacturer.8.3.3 Test MethodThe test shall consist of assembling ahardened cone(see Fig.1)and the nut to be tested on ahardened steel mandrel,and applying the proof load specifiedin Table 5 and Table 6.The mandrel shall conform to therequirements of Annex A3,Paragraph A3.5.1 of Test Methodsand Definitions A 370 except that the threads shall be inaccordance with ANSI B 1.1 of the appropriate thread series,Class 3A fit or ANSI B 1.13M of the appropriate thread pitch,tolerance 4H.The hardened cone shall be as described in Fig.2.The lot shall be considered acceptable if the sample nutwithstands application of the proof load without failure.5An underline as a marking requirement for grades 2HM and 7M has beenremoved but is permitted.A 194/A 194M 0639.Dimensions9.1 Nuts shall be hexagonal in shape,and in accordancewith the dimensions for the hex or heavy hex series,asrequired,by ANSI B 18.2.2 and ANSI B 18.2.4.6M.Unlessotherwise specified,the American National Standard HeavyHex Series shall be used and nuts shall be either doubleTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,CGradeSymbolMaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,D%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium andTanta-lum,%Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%1carbon0.15 min1.000.0400.0500.40.2,2HM,and 2Hcarbon0.40 min1.000.0400.0500.40.4carbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.900.0350.0400.150.3