高考英语读后续写写作技巧及方法指导.docx

Part1读后续写考情分析读后续写是高考英语中新增加的一种写作题型，从2016年开始应用于高考综合改革试点省份的高考中、并且将随着高考综合改革试点的推广在全国范围内使用。在将来，越来越多的学生将会在高考英语中遇到读后续写这种题型。在开始学习如何进行读后续写之前，让我们先来了解一下读后续写这类写作题型的具体要求。要求考生在理解一篇不完整文章的基础上，充分调动想象创新思维，大胆预测文章缺失部分的内容走势，进行充满个性色彩的设计，并用英语进行续写表达。所提供短文词数在350左右，划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等，其中，以名词(词组)为主，在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语，需要注意：在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要，可以改变动词的形式，可以改变名词的单复数，但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性；多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。1.创造性：即发挥想象力，该题型具有一定的开放性，考生需用自己的语言对故事情节进行内容创造；2.逻辑性：即根据已提供的关键信息，按照可能的合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整；3.丰富性：即语言能力的充分体现，词汇句法的准确与复杂程度，细节描写的生动性等都将让故事更加立体饱满。1.读后续写题型解读到目前为止，已经有许多省份在高考英语中开始了对读后续写的考查。下面我们以2017年6月浙江省高考真题为例，一起来分析一下读后续写的考查重点。阅读下面的短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。On a bright, warm July afternoon,MacHollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with hisfriends. One of his friends had stopped to make abicyclerepair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Macpedaled(骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters athome. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, thats a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all, but awolf, quickly catching up with him.Macs heartjumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Macs bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only toquickly restart the chase (追赶).Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passingcarsbut was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphillclimbbefore him. He knew that once he hit the hill, hed be easy caught up and the wolfs teeth would be tearing into his flesh.At this moment,Pauland Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didnt think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph1:The car abruptly stopped in front of him.Paragraph2:Afewminuteslater,the other two cyclists arrived.从2017年浙江省高考真题中我们可以发现，读后续写的考试形式与教育部考试中心颁布的普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份试用）中的描述相同，提供了一段350词以内的语言材料（体裁多以记叙文为主），故事没有结束但是留有线索，让考生得以缘写文章。题目要求考生根据已经给出的故事信息，结合已经写好的两个开头语，应用材料中5个以上标有下划线的关键词语，完成一篇约150词的作文（150词不包括已给出的两段的开头语）。读后续写不是让考生毫无依据地编故事，而是要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，找到原文给出的线索，然后用丰富、准确的语言完成一篇与原文紧密结合的读后续写作文。总体来说，2.读后续写写作特点在进行读后续写时有以下几点需要考生注意重在描述读后续写的重点在于情节描述。描述过程中应加入更多的具体动作和情感描写，用具体动作代模地名表达。同学们往往比较擅长写结论性语言，例如Shefeltreallynervousand样的句子虽然在语法上没有错误，但是且按用形容词来表达会导致续写只呈现抽象的结论，而没有画面械、不会给读者留下深刻的印象。所以，同们在进行读后续写时，一定要注重描述，讲究生动和画面感。本书第二章中为大家提供了一些用来描述情绪和动作的高频词（短语），希望大家能学以致用。关注语言在高考英语写作中，考生所采用的句型结构在一定程度上会影响阅卷老师对考生写作水平的判断。考生尤其应该避免句型单一化、如通篇使用定语从句，因为这样会让阅卷老师觉得考生对各种句型掌握得不够充分。考生在进行读后续写时应该有意识地多使用不同的句型结构和语法点，比如非谓语、形容词作状语、虚拟语气等。本书第三章中对这些相关语法点进行了讲解。注意衔接由于阅卷老师的阅卷时间十分有限，所以考生一定要在作文中使用清晰的逻辑衔接词，这样可以帮助老师快速抓住文章结构，促使老师更好地理解文章主旨，同时也可以显示出考生写作时严谨的逻辑。在读后续写当中，时间线索串联最为重要，例如upononesarrival、then、however、besides、while等衔接词，能够为文章提供明确的时间线索，很好地承接上下文，同学们在日常学习中应该多多积累。正向结局从情节上来看，历年真题多以户外经历为主。考生需要注意设计的结局应是正向的化险为夷。例如，浙江省2016年11月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了简和丈夫野营时因吵架而走散迷路的故事，这个故事的结局应设计为简最终获救了;2017年6月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了马克和朋友骑车去阿拉斯加，朋友由于车坏而停下修车，马克单独前行却在途中遇到狼的故事，这个故事的结局应是马克最终成功脱险;2017年11月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了作者一家四口去祖父母家乡自驾旅游，作者的母亲很健忘，但结局应是由于母亲的健忘，途中发生了有趣的事情;2018年6月的高考读后续写真题中讲述了作者和父亲去西部荒原度假时骑马游玩、却在途中迷路的故事，结局应是作者和父亲平安找到了路。同学们在写作时一定要抓住文中线索，把握好故事发展方向。对于读后续写这样的写作题型，同学们平时一定要多积累好词好句，进行大量的句子翻译练习，并且找到合适的写作步骤，这样才能在考场上有限的时间内完成一篇高分作文。3.读后续写写作流程为了让大家更好地理解，我们还是以2017年6月浙江省高考真题为例，梳理一下读后续写的写作步骤通读故事，梳理已知情节材料中讲述了马克和朋友骑车去阿拉斯加，朋友由于车坏而停下修车，马克单独前行但是却在途中遇到狼的故事。对续写情节的大致走向作出判断以正向结局为原则，本文的结局应设计为马克最终成功脱险。根据题目已知开头语确定文章类型题目中给出的第一段开头是这辆车突然停到他面前，明显属于故事描述。接下来考生必然需要描述车停在马克面前，马克如何上车脱险。第二段的开头是几分钟后，另外两个自行车骑手到了，接下来可以写马克与朋友分享这次经历，并继续这次旅行，所以也可以处理成故事描写。梳理续写思路，选取下划线词汇及语法结构第一段续写思路可以为;这辆车突然停到他面前（开头语）;保罗打开车门让马克上车;马克扔下自行车，冲上汽车;狼终于离开。第二段续写思路可以为几分钟后，另外两个自行车骑手到了（开头语）;他们看到马克的自行车，听他讲述了这次经历;休息后，马克感谢了帮助他的人，与朋友们继续上路;一路上马克十分想念他的妻子和孩子，他想尽快跟他们分享这次旅程的经历。范文欣赏Paragraph 1:The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Mac jumped off his bicycle and rushed to the door of the car. But before Mac could open the door, the wolf had caught up and jumped to attack. Luckily, the magic spray saved Mac a third time. Seeing the wolf back off, Paul quickly unlocked the door, and the frightened man climbed into the car in no time, shutting the door behind him heavily. Becky looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Macs bicycle as if it were a kill. Soon after, the animal ran off.Paragraph 2:A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Mac got out of the car and hugged his friends. “It was really a nightmare and I thought I was going to die,” said Mac in a shaky voice, tears gathering in his eyes. For him, life could never be more beautiful. After saying goodbye to Paul and Becky with gratitude, the three men continued their trip, agreeing never to separate again.Part2读后续写评分标准、原则及解读1.读后续写评分标准（新高考卷:七档）第七档（22-25分）创造了丰富、合理的内容,富有逻辑性,续写完整,与原文情境融洽度高:使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达流畅,语言错误很少,且完全不影响理解:自然有效地使用了段落间、句间衔接手段,全文结构清晰 ,前后呼应,意义连贯。第六档（18-21分）创造了比较丰富、合理的内容,比较有逻辑性,续写比较完整,与原文情境融洽度较高:使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达比较流畅,有个别错误,但不影响理解:比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段 ,全文结构比较清晰 ,意义比较连贯。第五档（15-17分）创造了基本合理的内容,有一定的逻辑性,续写基本完整,与原文情境相关:使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构,表达方式不够多样性,表达有些许错误,但基本不影响理解:使用了语句间衔接手段,全文结构比较清晰,意义比较连贯。第四档（11-14分）创造了基本完整的故事内容,但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强,与原文情境基本相关:使用了简单的词汇和语法结构,有部分语言错误和不恰当之处,个别部分影响理解:尚有语句衔接的意识,全文结构基本清晰,意义基本连贯。第三档（6-10分）内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题,续写不够完整,与原文有一定程度脱节:所用的词汇有限,语法结构单调,错误较多且比较低级,影响理解:未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段,全文结构不够清晰,意义欠连贯。第二档（1-5分）内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题,或有部分内容抄自原文,续写不完整,与原文情境基本脱节:所使用的词汇非常有限,语法结构单调,错误极多,严重影响理解:几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段,全文结构不清晰,意义不连贯。第一档0分未作答:所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判:所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。2.读后续写评分标准（浙江卷:五档）第五档（2125）与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不会影响意义表达。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第四档（1620）与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不会影响意义表达。比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第三档（1115）与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。第二档（610）与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少内容连贯。第一档（15）与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。产出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。0白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。（1）评分原则满分25分。提供一段350词左右的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。3.读后续写评分标准解读从官方给出的评分标准来看，读后续写在评分过程中主要受以下四个因素影响，因此，考生要格外重视：与题目已给信息的衔接考生在写作最初的构思过程中，应根据上半段故事情节给出的线索以及题目给出的段首语来构不能看完故事后立刻就开始编后半部分、把自己的故事生搬硬套进两个段落里面，这样会出现衔接不当的问题下划线词语的应用 （仅适用浙江卷）建议把下划线词语按照词性分成名词、形容词和副词/动词三个类别。首先推荐使用名词，因为名词类别中常出现人名或物品名，基本都是故事情节里必须用到的，所以可以先使用名词。另外需要注意的是，根据往年的阅卷反馈来看，名词单复数变化和动词时态变化可计入下划线词;但是词性变化不计人下划线词。词汇和语法的应用读后续写一般为记叙性文章，阅卷时会更加重视考生对词汇和语法的掌握。评分标准里对词汇和语法的要求是丰富、准确。词汇的丰富指的是词汇的多样性，比如表达开心不是全文都用happy，而是使用delighted、pleased等多样的形容词，也可以用smile、lightup等多样的动词（词组）或名词来表达。语法的丰富指的是句型的多样性，全文不都是简单句，也不都是用定语从句堆叠起来的长句子，而是能够灵活地使用三大从句、非谓语、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。除去词汇和语法准确的表达，正确的单词拼写、正确的时态和语态以及正确的句型应用才能让高级词汇和语法发挥出更好的作用。故事中的衔接成分衔接这个部分，一直是所有考生最容易出现问题的地方。大部分考生在读后续写写作的初期都会只关注动作，觉得把情节写完就好了。但是只有情节，故事不一定通顺，读起来也会比较像流水账。这时候就需要加入一些衔接词，比如atthismoment，unfortunately等，来充当衔接成分，从而让情节变得更加通顺、层次丰富。总的来说，考生若想在读后续写中拿到高分，除了简单地把故事写完、还必须要注意运用多样的词汇、句型和语法，使用至少5个下划线词语，并注意与两个段首句的衔接，以及故事情节中的衔接。Part3读后续写真题解析卷别长度体裁主题2021.6浙江卷313记叙文“我”的第一次工资2021.6新高考1卷311记叙文母亲节的惊喜2021.1八省联考332记叙文“我”途中车抛锚，好心的墨西哥一家人帮“我”。2021.1浙江卷359记叙文万圣节尴尬事：头卡在了南瓜中。2020.7山东卷（新高考）346记叙文卖爆米花方法救助穷人。2020.7浙江卷340记叙文拍摄北极熊遇险。2020.1浙江卷382记叙文大学生和宠物狗的离别.2018.6浙江卷320记叙文爸爸带儿子去朋友家农场游玩迷路的故事。2017.11浙江卷338记叙文和父母一块去旅游的故事。2017.6浙江卷344记叙文和朋友一起骑车游玩，野外遇狼的故事。2016.10浙江卷332记叙文小两口野外露营，因小事发生争执，女主人独自走进森林迷路，在野外独自度夜的故事。考试说明样卷364记叙文Arthur在帮助一个年轻人时听到有人抢劫了银行，于是Arthur怀疑这个年轻人就是抢劫银行的嫌疑犯读后续写（浙江卷）划线关键词分析卷别名词(词组)动词(词组)介词(词组)形容词2021.653022021.164002020.772012020.162022018.672012017.1170032017.673002016.10622考试说明样卷9010Part4 读后续写剧情设计的“七不”1.不增加人物。由考纲样题及近5年高考真题中所给的段落首句可知,续写的故事情节发展都是由原文的人物所推进,因此,强行增加人物有可能会偏离情节发展2.不增加旁支情节。题目要求“考生根据所给情节进行续写”，旨在延续原材料的故事情节，并不是要发展新情节。3.不用过多对话。在续写中展示对话,虽能丰富内容和语言, 增强语篇的连贯性, 但使用过多的对话,会显得篇幅累赘且很难在限定的词数里把整个后续的情节发展补充完整。4.不用负能量结局。结局设计绝对不能负能量。内容应该积极向上, 能增长知识或传播正能量。如样题的结尾, 我们可以有两种设定:这个年轻人就是银行抢劫者,而Arthur因此成为一个大英雄;或者Arthur误会了这个年轻人是银行抢劫犯,但最终警察们还是表扬了他见义勇为的行为。5.不在文末设置悬念。题目要求是“使之构成一篇完整的短文”, 若在文末设置悬念, 就会给人一种还没结束的感觉，这样的故事是不完整的。6.不偏离原文主题。续写的情节应时刻围绕着短文的主题去推进,如上面的样题, 由续写第二段首句提到的“警察局”可推测, 我们可以围绕勇气及正义的主题去进行续写。7.不违背逻辑常理。情节和细节的想象要合理,符合生活常识及具有逻辑性。Part5 读后续写高考真题2021年6月新高考卷（母亲节的惊喜）A MOTHERS DAY SURPRISEThe twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mothers Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jema found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jef turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jef to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeffs hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear！The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答Paragraph1As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.Paragraph 2The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.参考答案：Paragraph 1:As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.“Dont panic!” hehandedeach one a wet towel,helpingthem clean the mess quickly.After that,Jeffstammered outtheir plan,his face flushing. However, Father laughed, “Sounds great! I can teach you to cook.”At this, Jenna and Jef almostjumped to their feet, joy in eyes.Under his careful guidance,it didnt take long beforethe French toast and chicken porridge were ready.Everything settled,Father left the kitchen, promising to keep their secret.Paragraph 2:The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.Meeting their smiling eyes, Mother felt confuseduntilthey presented the breakfast and said “Happy Mothers Day”. Mothergave them a tight hug, “Unbelievable! You can cook! Its the biggest surprise I have received.”Her face lit up with happiness. “They have known how to take care of others.” Father saidin response toher excitement,winkingat Jenna and Jef. They couldnt help giggling.It was a secret only shared between them.（150 words)2021年6月浙江卷（第一份工资）Mydad, George, only had an eighth grade education. A quiet man, he didnt understand my world of school activities. From age 14, heworked. And his dad, Albert, took the money my dad earned and used it to payfamilyexpenses.I didnt really understand his world either: He was a livestock trucker, and l thought that I would surpass（超过） anything he had accomplished by the time l walked across the stage at high school graduation.Summers in the mid, 70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for myfutureas a quarterback on a football team. In poor weather, I read about sports or practiced my trombone（长号）.The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboringfarmerhired to work in his field. He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals. After a short way, the farmer stopped and painted at a weed which we missed. Then we began again. This happened over and over, but we soonlearnedto identify different grasses like cockleburs, lambs-quarters, foxtails, and the king of weeds, the pretty purple thistle. It wastiringwork, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasnt sure how much it would amount to.At home, my dad said, A jobs a big step togrowing up.Im glad you will be contributing to the household.My dads words made merealizethat my earning might not be mine to do with as wished.My labors lasted about two weeks, and the farmer said there might be more work, but I wasnt interested. I decided it was notfairthat l had to contribute my money.Paragraph 1The pay day arrived at last.Paragraph 2I understood immediately what my parents were worried about.Paragraph 1:The pay day arrived at last. I was glad that I finally got the payment after working hard for two weeks. While walking back home with an excited mind. I conceived many plans about how to dispose of it. I needed a new football because the old one we played had already worn out. I intended to purchase my favorite chocolates. Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sadly. It seemed as if something unpleasa