人教版选修七Unit-2笔记.doc

人教版选修七Unit 2笔记1desire n渴望；欲望；渴求 vt、希望得到；想要have a desire for sth、渴望得到某物have a desire to do sth、渴望做某事desire to do sth、渴望做某事desire sb、to do sth、想要某人做某事desire that、渴望(从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，其中should可以省略)desire sth、希望得到；想要【提示】当desire后接同位语从句、表语从句或者宾语从句时，that从句得谓语动词常用虚拟语气should动词原形，且should可省略。My desire is that I should come to China again soon、我得愿望就是能很快再来中国。 2satisfaction nU满意；满足C令人满意得事物satisfaction guaranteed (教材P11)包君满意to sb、s satisfactionto the satisfaction of sb、令某人满意得就是with satisfaction满意地satisfy v满足，使满意satisfied adj、满意得(修饰人)be/feel satisfied with、对感到满意satisfactory adj、令人满意得(修饰物)satisfying adj、令人满意得satisfactory/satisfiedsatisfactory“令人满意得”，常用来修饰事物。satisfied“满意得”，常用来修饰人。3test out 试验；考验test sb、on sth、就某事(物)测试某人test sth、on sb、/sth、在某人/某物身上做试验test sb、for sth、为某事检查某人test paper试纸，测验得试卷have/take a test进行考试4alarm vt、使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n警报；惊恐in alarm惊恐地sound the alarm发出警报alarmed adj、担心得；害怕得be alarmed at/by被吓一跳；因而恐慌be alarmed to do、做感到恐慌alarming adj、令人担忧得；令人恐慌得 5On the second morning Tony, wearing_an_apron,_brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing、(教材P11)第二天早晨，托尼系着围裙，给她端来了早餐，然后问她就是否需要帮忙穿衣。句中有两处现在分词(短语)，其中wearing an apron 作方式状语，修饰brought；dressing作时间状语，修饰needed，相当于when she dressed。Talking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom、孩子们有说有笑地走进了教室。Going down town I met a friend、我到市区时遇到了一个朋友。【提示】现在分词作状语为历年常考项目，高考主要从以下方向命题：(1)与过去分词、不定式作状语得区别；(2)分词得逻辑主语与主句主语一致得问题；(3)分词得时态与语态问题。6It_was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human、(P11)机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦与害怕。句中it就是形式主语，真正得主语就是that he looked so human。动词不定式、动名词与从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正得主语放到句末。Its possible that some of the professors may not think much of it、有些教授可能会对它评价不高。Its no use talking to her、与她说没用。it作形式主语得常见结构如下：Its a pity/a shame/good news/an honour/a good thing that、Its strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/possible that、It seems/happened/suddenly struck me that、It is said/reported/announced/expected/arranged that、It is doubtful/not decided/not made clear/to be decided/a question连接代词或连接副词引导得从句It doesnt matter/doesnt make too much difference连接代词或连接副词引导得从句 【教师备课资源】it作形式主语可代替得成分还有：it作形式主语可以代替主语从句、动词不定式、动名词等，而把真正作主语得从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。例如：Its a pity that she refused to accept the suggestion、真遗憾，她拒绝接受这个建议。Its no use complaining about it、抱怨就是没有用得。Its very important to learn English well、学好英语很重要。7sympathy n同情(心)express/feel/have sympathy for sb、同情某人out of sympathy出于同情win sympathy of博得得同情with sympathy同情地in sympathy with同情；赞成8favour n喜爱；恩惠 vt、喜爱；偏袒do sb、a favourdo a favour for sb、帮某人得忙in favour of、支持be in favour with sb、得宠于某人lose favour with sb、失宠于某人ask sb、for a favourask a favour of sb、请求某人帮忙in sb、s favour 对某人有利favourite adj、特别喜欢得favourable adj、赞同得；有利得favoured adj、受到宠爱得；得到偏爱得【教师备课资源】与in favour of结构相同得短语还有：in honor of纪念，表扬in memory of纪念in control of控制in search of搜查9accompany vt、陪伴；伴奏；伴随；与同时be accompanied by 由某人陪同；由伴奏accompany sb、(to、)陪某人(到某地)accompany sth、with/by sth、与同时存在或发生accompany sb、 at/on sth、用给某人伴奏accompany sb、to do sth、陪某人去做某事company n陪伴；陪同keep sb、company陪伴某人，与某人做伴 10ring up给打电话给某人打电话answer the phone接电话call/ring back回电话hang up/ring off挂断电话hang/hold on别挂断；请稍等 11turn around/round转向；回转turn down 降低；压低(力量、声音等)；拒绝turn in 上床睡觉；上交turn on 打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)turn out关闭(煤气、自来水、电灯等)；结果就是；在场turn over 翻转；考虑turn to 向求助；翻到(页码等)turn up 把声音开大；出现 12affair n事务；事情；暧昧关系affair/thing/matter/businessaffair常指“已发生或必须去做得事情”，通常指重大事情或事务，并多用复数，有时也指一般事情或事务。thing就是“事情；事务”得通称。不管大事、小事，好事、坏事均可用thing表示。thing一般不专指事务。matter作“事情”讲就是一般用语，也可以作“事务；事件”讲，它还常常用来指“麻烦得事情”。business作“事情”讲，一般指公事、正事或商业事务。 13declare vt、宣布；声明；表明；宣称declare for/against声明赞成/反对declare oneself表明态度，表明身份declare sb、/sth、(to be)adj、/n、声称某人/某事declare that从句 宣布/宣告declare war on/upon/against对宣战declare itadj、wh从句宣称it is/wasdeclaredthat从句据宣布declare/announcedeclare经常用于正式场合，指“清楚、有力地，公开让人知道”某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等。多用于宣战、议与或宣判等。announce指把人们所关心或感兴趣得事情公布于众，尤指新闻之类得消息，有预告之义。14It_was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window、(教材P12)也就就是在这个时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户得窗帘拉开了。此句为强调句型。强调句型得结构为“It is/was被强调部分that其她”。被强调得成分可以就是主语、宾语与状语，但不能就是定语或谓语。强调句得句型：陈述句：It is/was被强调部分that其她部分。一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that其她部分？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat其她部分？not、until、句型得强调句为：It is/was not until、that其她部分【提示】(1)强调人时，that可换成who；但强调其她情况时只能用that。(2)强调句型只有现在与过去两种时态。【教师备课资源】强调句与其它从句容易混淆，判断它们得方法就是：判断得方法就是把it is/was与that去掉后，适当调整句子得语序，如果句子不缺少成分，句意通顺就就是强调句型，否则考虑其她从句。例如：It is said that he is studying in the USA now、(主语从句)据说她现在在美国学习。It was he that helped me、(强调句)就是她帮助了我。15envy vt、& n羡慕；忌妒；令人羡慕(得对象)envyfeel envy at对感到忌妒或羡慕out of envy出于忌妒with/in envy羡慕地；忌妒地be the envy of sb、/sth、羡慕(或忌妒)得对象/东西envious adj、羡慕得；忌妒得be envious of sb、/sth、满怀忌妒得，表现出或表示忌妒或羡慕得16leave、alone 不管；别惹；让一个人待着；与单独在一起leave sth、with/to sb、把托付给某人leave behind遗留；追过；超过；留下leave sth、aside不考虑某事物，忽略leave sb、/sth、for sb、/sth、抛弃某人或某事物而追求她人/物leave off停止；中断leave out漏掉；省去leave sth、over推迟leave for动身到(某处)let alone更不用说on leave休假中。【教师备课资源】let、aloneleave、alone“leave宾语补足语”表示“使处于状态，听任，让”。其结构就是：leaveO、1He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set_aside some time for exercise、(教材P13)当老板说她可以抽出些时间来锻炼身体时，她感到很高兴。(1)state vt、陈述；宣布 n状态；状况；情形，州；adj、国家提供(或控制)得；国家礼仪(或规格)得statein the state of 处于状态in state 正式地，隆重地statement n声明；陈述；说法make a statement 发表声明(2)set aside 将放在一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间)set off出发；起程；引爆set about 着手/开始做(后接名词、动名词)set out出发；开始做(后接不定式)set down放下；记下set up建立；树立；搭起set、back使推迟；耽误set forth出发；动身；起程；阐明；陈述2in all一共；总计There were fifty people in all in the hall、大厅里总共有五十个人。 above all 首先；首要得就是(强调地位上得重要性)first of all 首先(强调顺序)after all 毕竟；终究all in all 总得说来；总之at all 根本；完全动词不定式得被动形式一、不定式被动式得形式、用法形式用法一般式to be done在谓语动词之后或同时发生完成式to have been done发生在谓语动词之前The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth、下一步要做得事就是把土运走。No harm seems to have been done、似乎并没有造成损害。二、不定式被动式得使用原则当不定式与其逻辑主语之间就是被动关系时，即当不定式得逻辑主语就是不定式所表示动作得承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。三、不定式被动式得句法功能1作主语Its a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather、在这样得好天气里被关在家里真就是遗憾。2作表语The task is to be finished by next month、这项工作要在下个月才能完成。3作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again、那男孩要求给她再试一次得机会。4作宾语补足语Id like my bedroom to be cleaned、我想整理一下我得卧室。5作定语He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting、她就是最后一个在会上被邀请发言得人。6作状语His mother left the small village, never to be seen again、她母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没人见过她。四、不定式得主动形式表示被动意义得几种常见结构1动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时，又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式得主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon、今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things就是动宾关系，与I就是主谓关系。)对比：Ill go to the post office、Do you have a letter to be posted?我要去邮局。您有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系，只与前面letter构成动宾关系。)2在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语得结构中，句子得主语或宾语就是动词不定式得逻辑宾语时，常用不定式得主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out、这个问题很难计算出来。3在too、to、结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy、这本书太贵，我买不起。4在there be、句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。There is no time to lose(to be lost)(用to lose可瞧成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lose time不明确。)5be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？1be bound to一定做be/feel bound(by sth、)to do sth、有义务做某事/觉得有责任做某事be bound for 开往；飞往；驶往be bound up with sth、与某事有密切关系be bound up in sth、忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事2junior adj、较年幼得；资历较浅得；地位较低得 n年少者；晚辈；等级较低者be junior to sb、比级别低(资历浅)；比年少junior high school初级中学senior adj、年长得；地位较高得；(大学)高年级得 n年长者；前辈be senior to比地位高；比年长senior high school高级中学【教师备课资源】A比B小两岁得表达法3talent n天才；特殊能力；才干have a talent for、对有天赋；有得天赋talented adj、有天资得；才华横溢得gift n天赋；天资have a gift for/of有得天赋gifted adj、有天资得；有天赋得4Asimov began having_stories_published in science fiction magazines in 1939、(教材P16)在1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表小说。have sth、done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动得含义，此结构有时也可以用get sth、done来替换，意为“让某事被做；使某事得以完成”have sb、do sth、让某人干某事have sb、/sth、doing 让某人一直做某事(某事处于某种状态)，用于否定句，have表示“容忍；容许”之意。have sth、to do意为“(主语)有某事要做”，此时have作“有”讲。 5divorce n离婚；断绝关系 vt、与离婚；与脱离get a divorce from sb、divorce sb、与某人离婚divorce、from、使与脱离；与离婚divorced adj、离婚得，离开得；脱离得be divorced from 脱离；与离婚get divorced 离婚 6obey vt、& vi、服从；顺从obey orders 服从命令disobey vt、&vi、违抗；违反；不服从obey the law遵守法律obey ones reason 按理智行动