新概念二7-9课知识点整理-(1).pdf

实用文档 Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 必记单词detective n.侦探 airport n.机场expect v.期待，等待 valuable adj.贵重的parcel n.包裹 diamond n.钻石steal v.偷 main adj.主要的airfield n.飞机起落的场地guard n.警戒，守卫 precious adj.珍贵的stone n.石子 sand n.沙子 学习be tooto 太而不能detective story 侦探小说实用文档 常考短语at the airport 在机场on the airfield 在停机坪上I think so.我认为是这样。I expect so.我希望如此口语expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事wait for sth./sb.动作上的等待keep guard 守望，警戒=stand guard to their surprise 使他们吃惊的是be full of 充满=be filled with经典句型1.They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.2.Thieves would try to steal the diamonds.3.Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.4.To their surprise,the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!目标全过去进行时实用文档 解 重点语法过去进行时的构成：be 的过去式+现在分词过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词when，while，as，just as等引导。when，while 当时候（强调动作同时发生）while+从句,动词一定是延续性动词when+延续性动词/瞬间动词while 能用 when 代替_，但是 when 却不一定能用 while 代替。while 通常只引导持续时间较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时，而 when 和 as一般不这么用。John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.Just as I was leaving the house,you came in.when 也可以引导比较短暂的动作，while 和 as 则一般实用文档 不行。We were having supper when the lights went out.过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 all morning，all night，all day，all evening，the wholeweek 等，表示这段时间一直在干什么。What were you doing all evening?I couldnt find you anywhere.过去动作同时发生的时态 过去两个动作同时发生,习惯上一个用一般过去时,另一个用过去进行时；动作长用过去进行时,动作短用一般过去时;分工的情况,动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同,均用过去进行时;I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV.两个动作在同时段进行,在不同时间结束,先发生的动作未结束,另一个动作发生,先发生的动作用进行时态,另一个动作用过去时.实用文档 When I was opening the door,the telephone rang.先开门When the telephone was ringing,I opened the door.电话先响 瞬间动词（如：arrive）没有进行时态,所以两个动作同时发生,延续性动词用进行时态,瞬间动词使用过去时态.When he arrived,I was having dinner.I am arriving 进行时态表示将要1、The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。all 一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：all day，all night，all week，all winter，all year等。但不说 all hour。whole 在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如 a whole day/year，two whole weeks。实用文档 all morning=all the morningThe plane was late 飞机晚(点)了The bus was late./The train was late.detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探,强调侦探这种人，笼统概念,可不加 some,the。2、They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。expect v.期待,等待 vt.&vi.预计，预料Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected.正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。vt.等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）They are expecting guests tonight.今晚有人要去他们那里作客。expect 所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而实用文档 教材全解作出相应反应的意思，而 wait for 主要接续“等待”这个动作本身。expect sth.I expect a letter from Jimmy.expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事I expect you to write back.I expect my mother to come back.wait for sth./sb.动作上的等待I wait for my mother.vt.认为，猜想（一般用于口语）I expect so./I think so.我希望如此口语I expect youve heard the news.我想你已经听到这个消息了a valuable parcel of diamondsvaluable adj.贵重的&precious adj.珍贵的value n.&v.价值；valuable adj.有价值的sth.is valuable/sth.is precious实用文档 precious adj.珍贵的（带有一定的感情色彩）precious photo 珍贵的照片拓展：-less 表否定;priceless adj.没有价格的,无价的valueless adj.没有价值,不足道的worthless adj.无价值的3、A few hours earlier,someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.数小时前，有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。a few hours earlier 几个小时以前=a few hours before/a few hours agowould+do 过去将来时,间接方式,转述,站在过去看未来steal（stole，stolen）v.偷&rob sb.抢(某人)实用文档 vt.&vi.偷盗，行窃英语中“偷”用 steal 和 rob 来表达，宾语是物，用steal；宾语是人，用 rob；跟地点相连，也用 robsteal sth.偷(某物)My wallet was stolen.John never steals.约翰从不偷东西。拓展：rob sb.抢(某人)I was robbed.rob the bank vt.巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手He has stolen away Marys heart.他已赢得玛丽的芳心。vi.偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近He stole into the room.他悄悄地进了房间4、When the plane arrived,some of the 实用文档 detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。代词 others 常常和 some 连用，表示“有些（人），也有些（人）”或“有的，其余的”onethe other 一个另一个someothers 一些另一些Some students are very hard-working,others are not.others=other+名词复数5、Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。take sth.off=take sth.away fromand carried it intocarried 表示看着很重Customs House 海关 实用文档 6、While two detectives were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel.当两个侦探把住门口时，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。表面上是分工,两个动作同时发生,不是同时开始同时结束,延续时间不一致,长一点时间的动作用进行时态,短时间的动作用过去时.When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.keep guard 守卫They kept a close guard over the thieves.at the door 在门边(固定搭配)two others=two other detectives7、To their surprise,the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!to ones surprise,让某人惊讶的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子。To my surprise,the teacher was late.实用文档 To ones+表达人情绪的名词to ones joyTo my joy,my mother came here yesterday.to ones excitementTo our excitement,our team wins.be full of.装满My bag was full of books.The cup is full of water.Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最坏的 必记单词competition n.比赛，竞赛neat adj.整齐的，整洁的path n.小路，小径wooden adj.木头的pool n.水池实用文档 常考短语keep.neat 保持.整洁every time 每次work hard 努力工作grow flowers 种花make a path 修路a wooden bridge 一座木桥enter for 报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）win a prize 赢得奖励 经典句型1.Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.2.Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes.3.Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables,but Joes garden is more interesting.4.Every year I enter for the garden competition too,and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town.学习目形容词和副词的比较级和最高级实用文档 标全解 重点语法1.比较级、最高级的构成(1)一般情况下，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-esteg.smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest(2)在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-esteg.bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest(3)以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-steg.largelargerlargest nicenicernicest(4)以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把 y 改为 i，比较级加-er，最高级加-esteg.easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest(5)多数多音节词，比较级在前面加 more,最高级在前面加 mosteg.beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost different(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记eg.goodbetterbest badworseworse oldeldereldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest2.形容词、副词比较级的用法表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有：(1)A+be+形容词比较级+than+B 意思是 A 比 B 更eg.This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。(2)become+形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级 意思是变得越来越，and 连接同一个形容词的比较级。实用文档 eg.It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。(3)在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。eg.Who is taller,Tim or Tom?谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom?3.形容词、副词的最高级的用法形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three,in our class,among 等等。eg.He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。She is the prettiest one of the six girls.六个女孩中，她最漂亮。LiuXiang is the best hurdler in our country.刘翔是我国最好的跨栏选手。不定代词1.both&all 的用法(1)both 意为“两者都”，指两个人或物，句中谓语动词用复数，常和 and 连接。实用文档 eg.Both she and I are students.她和我都是学生。Both plans are good.这两个计划都不错。(2)all 指三者或者三者以上都eg.All of us should go there.我们所有人都应该去那里。They all agree to stay here.他们都同意待在这儿。2.each&every 的用法(1)each 表示“每一个”之意，用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，强调个体。可作名词或形容词，在句中充当主语，定语，宾语等。直接作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。eg.There are trees on each side of the road.这条街的每一边都有树。实用文档 Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.我们每个人都穿着一件黄色 T 恤。(2)every 表示“每一个”之意，指三个或三个以上的人或事，强调整体，在句中只能作定语，修饰名词时谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。eg.Every student passed the exam.每个学生都通过了这次考试。Each&Every 共同特点：二者都只能修饰单数可数名词，句中谓语动词要用单数。3.either&neither 的用法(1)either 指两个人或物中的任何一个，表示肯定含义。eg.There are many trees on either side of the street.这条街每边都有树。Either you or I am going to America next week.下周要么你去美国，要么我去。实用文档(2)neither 指两个人或物中一个也不，表示否定含义。eg.Neither of the books is good.这两本书中没一本是好的。Neither he nor I am student.他不是学生，我也不是。Either&Neither 共同特点：都可作主语，宾语，定语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。、1.Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year,but Joe wins every time.几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。nearly&almost adv.nearly 和 almost 意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。在肯定句中可以相互替换，与否定词连用时通常用 almost。eg.I have nearly/almost forgotten his name.实用文档 教材全解 我几乎记不起来他的名字了。He nearly/almost fell into the river.他差点儿掉进河里。Almost no one believed her.几乎没有人相信她。enter&enter for v.enter+地点：进入，走进eg.You always knock on the door before you enter.你总是会在进入之前敲门。A stranger entered the building ten minutes ago.一个陌生人十分钟前进入了大楼。enter for sth:报名参加（活动，比赛），强调报名eg.Mary entered for the test.玛丽报名参加考试。She entered for the mathematics competition.实用文档 她报名参加数学竞赛拓展：join/join in 参加（加入）attend 出席，参加（主动去）take part in 真正的参加，加入competition pete v.辨析：competition,contest,match,race,game(1)competition 比赛，竞争（正式）eg.chess competition 棋类比赛 commercial competition 商业竞争(2)contest 比赛（赛场上的较量）eg.beauty contest 选美 folk song contest 民歌比赛 baby contest 宝宝大赛(3)match 比赛（球类）eg.tennis match 网球赛 football match 足球比赛实用文档(4)race 比赛（速度）eg.horse race 赛马 Marathon race 马拉松赛跑 car race 赛车(5)game 比赛（广义上），游戏eg.the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 computer games 电脑游戏win v.(won，won)(1)vi.赢 eg.I win./I lose.(输了)(2)vt.赢得 win+sth (后面往往是奖品,不能接对手)eg.I have won a book.我赢得了一本书。I win the race/game 我赢了比赛。win a prize 赢了奖 win a prize for 因为而获奖eg.My brother won a pair of shoes for this race.我弟弟参加赛跑，得到了一双鞋作为奖励。实用文档 拓展：beat sb 或 defeat sb:赢了某人、打败某人eg.They were defeated in the basketball match.他们在篮球比赛中输了。I defeat you.我打败了你。2.Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables,but Joes garden is more interesting.比尔比乔更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔乔的花园更富有情趣。grow v.(1)vt.种植，扩大eg.grow plants/rice 种植植物/种植水稻(2)vi.生长，发展，渐渐变得eg.Babies grow fast.孩子长得快。实用文档 grow up 长大 He has grown up.他已经长大了。The village is growing into a town.这个乡村正在发展成一个城镇。(3)vt.&vi.(使）留长，蓄长 grow a beard 留胡子辨析：plant&growplant 种植（强调种的动作）grow 种植，生长（强调种植以后的栽培、生长、管理过程）3.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。neat adj.(1)neat adj.整齐的,整洁的，井井有条eg.Keep your desk neat.实用文档 保持桌面整洁。(2)clean adj./v.干净的/打扫(3)tidy adj.整洁的，整齐的=neat v.使整洁，整理 tidy up tidy up the room 整理房间path n.(1)(行人走出来的)小径,窄路We followed the path around the office building.我们沿着办公大楼周围的小路走。(2)通道,通路;轨道the path of the earth地球的轨道(3)(文明、思想、行动等的)方向;前进的路线a path to success走向成功之路实用文档 wooden adj.eg.She has a piece of wooden furniture.她有一件木制的家具。wood n.木材，木头，树林（可数名词）e.g.There are many kinds of woods on the hills.在山上有许多种木材。拓展：wood（木头）+en（形容词后缀）wooden 木制的:wooden desk 木桌；wooden window 木窗wool（羊毛）+（l）en（形容词后缀）woolen/woolen 羊毛的:woolen sweater 羊毛衫；woolen suit 羊毛西服gold（黄金）+en（形容词后缀）golden（金黄色的；宝贵的）:golden voice 金嗓子；golden hours 幸福的时刻实用文档 make&build v.make&build 在文中是同义词，“修建，建造”。(1)make 的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等eg.Have you made the skirt by yourself?这条裙子是不是你自己做的？(2)build 主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”eg.They have made/built a road along the river.他们沿着河岸修了一条路。over prep.（在上方）横跨，越过eg.He jumped over the fence.他跨过栅栏。eg.The bird flew over the field.小鸟飞过田地。实用文档 Lesson 9 A Cold Welcome 冷遇 必记单词welcome n.v.欢迎crowd n.人群gather v.聚集hand n.（表或机器的）指针shout v.喊叫refuse v.拒绝 laugh v.笑 常考短语a cold welcome 冷遇Town Hall 市政厅a large crowd of 一大群in twenty minutes time 在 20 分钟之后at that moment 在那时 学习目1.It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.2.The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.3.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time.实用文档 经典句型标全解 重点语法1.引导时间状语的介词 in,on,at,during,till 与 until(1)用 in 的时间短语：表示某一段时间表示一天中的某段时间：在早上/下午/晚上 in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示月份、年份 in march 在 3 月 in September 在 9 月 in 1984 在 1984 年表示季节：in(the)spring 在春天 in+“一段时间”:1)在某段时间之内，这时它可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某个动作有关：我总是在 10 分钟之内吃完早饭。I always eat/have my breakfast in ten minutes.我在两小时之内做完了考题。I finished the examination in two hours.实用文档 2)时间之后，与将来时连用：母亲 10 天后回来。Mother will be back in ten days.(2)用 on 的时间短语：具体到某一天 表示星期：on Monday;on Friday 在星期一早上 on Monday morning/evening表示日期：on June 1st on 23rd March/on March 23rd表示星期+日期：on Monday,June 1st 表示具体时间：on that day on that evening 我哥哥的生日是 8 月 12 日。My brothers birthday is on August 12th.实用文档(3)用 at 的时间短语：具体到某一时间点 表示确切的时间：at 10 oclock at 5 oclock 表示用餐时间：at lunch/dinner time at teatime 表示其他时刻：at noon/night/midnight at this time (4)during 后必须跟一个名词，指某个时间段中发生了什么事情。那年夏天很热。It was very hot during the summer.在这半小时内他打了四次电话。He has phoned four times during the last half hour.我是在这一周的某天遇见他的。I met him sometime during the week.整个冬季一直没下雪。实用文档 During the whole winter it never snowed.(5)fromtill指一段明确的时间：旅游季节从 6 月一直到 10 月。The tourist season runs from June till October.(6)当所用动词只表示一个短暂的动作(如 finish,leave)时，则只能在否定句中用 till/until我要到星期一才离开。I wont leave till/until Monday.2.否定句的两种形式：not any 与 no 对于一般疑问句，可以有两种否定的回答：你有时间吗？Have you got any time?我没有时间。I havent got any time./Ive got no time.否定词 no 比 not any 的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。no 可构成复合词 nobody,none,nothing,nowhere;any 可构成复合词 anybody,anything 和 anywhere:你见到谁了吗？Have you seen anyone?实用文档 我谁也没见到。Ive seen no one/nobody.I havent seen anyone/anybody.你今天干了什么吗？Have you done anything today?我今天什么也没干。Ive done nothing.I havent done anything.在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词(包括 never,hardly)我买不到鸡蛋。I cant get any eggs./I can get no eggs.而除黑人英语外一般不说：I can get no eggs.1.A cold welcome.冷遇拓展：welcome (1)n.欢迎，接待 greeting,receptiona cold welcome 冷遇a warm welcome 热烈的欢迎实用文档 教材全解(2)v.欢迎，迎接The children flew to welcome their mother.孩子们飞奔着迎接他们的妈妈。welcome to+地点welcome to Chinawelcome backwelcome to do sth(3)adj.受欢迎的welcome news 受欢迎的消息You are welcome.不客气。2.It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。拓展：1.crowd实用文档(1)n.人群in the crowd 在人群中I saw him in the crowd.我在人群中看到了他。a crowd of people 没有次序的人群a group of people 有次序的人群(2)v.拥挤,挤满Many people crowded into the bus.很多人挤进公共汽车里。2.gather v.聚集(1)vt.使集拢，集合，召集A crowd soon gathered.一群人立刻聚集了起来。(2)vt 收集，采集，收（庄稼等）The children are in the field gathering flowers.孩子们在地里采花。It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。实用文档(3)v.获知，推测I gathered from her remarks that she wasnt satisfied with her job.我从她的评论得知，她对工作并不满意。3.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time.再过 20 分钟，大钟将敲响 12 下。1.strike strike-struck-struck (1)v.打，击She struck the man in the face.她打了那个男人的脸。(2)v.敲，弹（钟，乐器等）strike the clock （人）敲钟Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(3)v.碰撞The ship struck against the rock.船撞到岩石上。(4)v.擦（火柴）实用文档 strike a match 擦火柴(5)v.突然想到A good idea struck me.我突然想到一个好主意。be struck by 被打动(6)n.罢工be on strike 罢工go on strike 举行罢工2.minutes名词所有格，用来表达时间再过五分钟他就要走了He will leave in five minutes time.名词所有格表示距离从这到学校有多远？走路三分钟How far is the school from here?3 minutes walk.4.The big minute hand did not move.那根巨大的分针不动了。hand n.(表或机器的)指针实用文档(1)n.手the back of the hand 手背lead a child by the hand 牵着一个孩子gibe sb a hand 帮某人忙 raise ones hand 举手shake hands 握手 wave ones hand 挥手(2)n.指针the hour hand 时针 the minute hand 分针the second hand 秒针 (3)second-hand 二手的，旧的The shop sells second-hand goods.这个商店卖二手商品。(4)on the one hand,on the other hand 一方面，另一方面5.Suddenly someone shouted,Its two minutes past twelve!The clock has stopped!突然有人喊道：“已经 12 点零 2 分了！那钟已经停了！”实用文档 shout v.（因愤怒或为引起注意而）喊叫shout at sb.对大喊大叫（不礼貌）shout to sb 对大声喊（目的是使听到）近义词辨析：cry v.（痛苦、惊讶等的自然反应）发出尖利的声音scream v.（痛苦、恐惧或激动）而喊叫（大而尖利的声音）6.The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。refuse v.拒绝refuse sth.拒绝某物refuse a gift 拒绝一份礼物refuse ones help 拒绝某人的帮助refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事The car refused to start.这辆车无法发动。refuse sb 拒绝某人实用文档 They refused him admittance.他们把他拒之门外。7.At that moment,everybody began to laugh and sing.此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时唱起了歌。1.at that moment=just