高考英语动词时态考点及练习题详解.doc

44=16例如study一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying过去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have studiedwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying过去将来should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying八种高中英语需要掌握的时态一般现在时1、表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态。- How often does she visit her parents? - Twice a month.2、永恒的真理和客观事实。Summer follows spring.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。3、表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.4、在条件、让步或时间状语从句中，经常使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。（主将从现）Ill let you know as soon as he gets there. 表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作。 We leave at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50 tomorrow.5、表示告诫或劝说 You mind your own business. 你不要管闲事！ If he does that again, he goes to prison. 如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。6、表示现在瞬间的动作 Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。一般过去时1、已经完成的动作、结束的事情，或在过去重复发生的动作.When I was a child we always went to the seaside in August.2、used to :表示过去的习惯，现在不存在。I used to smoke, but I dont any more.3、用在its time, would rather, wish后面的从句中Its time you went home.I wish I had a better memory.Id rather you came tomorrow.4、在从句中用来说明现在还存在着“过去”的情况Im sorry we left Paris. It was such a nice place.5、could, might, would, should等“过去”的情态动词可用来指现在或者将来。Could you help me for a moment ? 你能帮我一会吗？（用委婉的语气表将来）I think it might rain soon. 我人为可能很快就下雨。Would you come this way, please ? 请这边走。Alice should be here soon. Alice 一会就到。6、一般过去时与现在完成时在时间上的比较现在完成时所用的时间词: since, ever since, for, recently, lately, so far, yet, all this year, all my life, ever, never, already, before, just, in / during the last /past + 时间段, etc.一般过去时所用的时间词yesterday, last week, in 1999, when, years ago, then, just now, etc.一般将来是时1、用will, shall 表示将来。决定：谈及正在作出的一项决定时，常用Ill-I will，不能用be going to ,因为它表示事先就已经作出的决定-The phone is ringing. -Ill answer it.-Come to a party. -OK. Ill bring my friend.威胁和允诺：第一人称用will (ll);第二人称用shallIll hit you if you do that again.He shall have a gift for Christmas.提议和请求：用Shall I ?/Shall we?表示提议;用Will you?表示请求Shall I carry your bag? Will you give me a hand?I will/ We will 表示有强烈意图、提议、坚持或自愿做某事; 不能用shallI will stop smoking-I really will.2、用 be going to 表示已经决定要做的事情Were going to France next summer.现在肯定讲会发生的事情Look at those clouds-its going to rain.强烈的决心Im going to keep asking her out until she says yes.3、用be about to do sth 表示最近的将来，“正要”，“马上就要”I am about to leave when there is a knock at the door.4、用be to do sth表示预定要做的事情The French President is to visit Japan next week5、 be going to 与 will / shall 的对比都可以表示预言Do you think the car will start / is going to start?讲到条件时(即如果一事发生，另一事也就发生)，用will / shall 对将来进行预测，不用be going to ，即使条件没有说出来例1. If I give you money youll only spend it on drink. -Come out for a drink.例2. -No, my TV program. A. Im going to miss B. Ill miss正确过去将来时1、从过去的观点来看未来，常用在宾语从句中或间接引语中Last week he promised that he would come today, but he has not arrived yet.2、过去将来时的其它主要形式was / were going towas / were about toWe were just going to ( about to ) leave when Tom fell and hurt his ankle.现在进行时1、说话时正进行的动作或情况Someones knocking at the door. Can you answer it?2、发展中的或正在改变的情况The weather is getting better and better.3、任何时候都可能在进行中的事情I dont like to be disturbed if Im working.You look lovely when youre smiling.4、表示将来可用下列词：go, come, arrive, leave, startHes arriving tomorrow morning.通过一个表示将来的的时间状语What are you doing this evening?5、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯。Hes not working very hard at the moment. 目前工作不努力。He doesnt work very hard. 通常工作不努力。讲故事、评论事情、解说体育运动等用一般现在时来叙述故事中一件又一件发生的事情Harrison shoots, but the ball hits the post and Jackson clear.哈里森射门，但是球碰倒柱子上，接着杰克逊解了围。过去进行时1、过去某时正发生的事情。What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m. ?2、在一个句子里，过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，此时，进行时表示较长的正在进行的动作，而一般时表示较短暂的动作或事情。The phone rang while I was having my bath.When she arrived, I was telephoning Harry.When she arrived, I telephoned Harry. (到后做)The reporter said that the UFO was traveling to west when he saw it.3、可用while强调同时进行的两种或几种动作。While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner。现在完成时1、开始于过去并将持续到现在的动作，常与下列词连用：for, since, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc.例1.Ive planted 14 trees so far this morning.例2.-How are you today? -Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.A. didnt feel B. dont feel C. wasnt feeling D. havent felt2、在过去某个不确定的时间发生的动作，但与现在有某种联系，因为我们所关心的是“现在”还存在着“过去”发生某事的结果，常和下列词连用：ever(问句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(问句或否定句),before例1. - my glasses? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen例2. -Have you passed your test ? -Yes. -When did you pass it? -(I passed it) Last week.例3. Have you passed your test? -Not yet.-When will you pass it? - Next week.对比：Have you seen this film? (曾经经过) Did you see this film ? (某特定时间)3、可表示反复性或习惯性，常与often, three times 等词连用Ive watched him on TV several times.4、终止性动词可用完成时，但不能和for, how long 等时间词连用，此时常用替换词This film has begunHow long has this film been on?begin borrow come die be on keep be here be deadjoin buy leavebe in have be away5、其它和现在完成时连用的词:just, in (within) the past (last) + 时间段;对比：He has just fallen downstairs.He fell downstairs just now.6、特殊结构This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clauseThis is the best film I have ever seen.Its + 时间段+ since-clause (从句用过去时)Its two years since he died.He has been dead for two years.He died two years ago.7、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法区别：现在完成进行时强调动作延续到未来或仍在进行.Ive written an article. (已完成)Ive been writing an article. (还在写)过去完成时1、过去发生的两个动作，先发生的用过去完成时With their help I realized that I had been wrong.2、过去某时以前发生的动作或情况He hasnt finished yet.He didnt finish yesterday evening.He hadnt finished by yesterday evening.3、常用过去完成时的情况No soonerthan. HardlywhenNo sooner had he begun his speech than he was interruptedexpect, hope, think, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时(或一般时)表示想做而未做的事I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didnt manage it.4、使用过去完成时的必要性和非必要性句意十分清楚时，可用一般时After I finished, I went home.常用一般过去时表示依次发生的动作I got out of the taxi, paid the fare(车费) and managed it.有时必须明确，特别是含when时When I arrived, Ann left.(同时见到)(见到Ann)When I arrived, Ann had left.(先后发生)(没见到)5、常用过去完成时的时间主状语by the end of +过去时间 ; by + 过去时间by the time + 过去时间;过去时间 + before比较：By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words .By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words.By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words.By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words2011年高考英语动词时态考点及精品练习题（七）典型陷阱题分析1. “I _ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _ to bring my phone book.”A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgotC. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例： Oh, I _ where he lives. Dont you carry your address book?No, I _ to bring it.A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgotC. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget答案选C，理由同上。2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _ too busy.A. was B. had beenC. would be D. would have been【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为A)：(1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it was gone.A. found B. had foundC. would find D. would have found(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _.A. didnt B. hadntC. neednt D. would not have(3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we _ no time.A. had B. had hadC. would have D. would have had(4) I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ and I couldnt get away.A. called B. had calledC. would call D. would have called(5) The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _ really careless.A. was B. isC. were D. had been3. Dear me! Just _ at the time! I _ no idea it was so late.A. look, have B. looking, hadC. look, had D. looking, have 【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。4. “Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.” “Its 4331577”A. didnt B. couldntC. dont D. cant【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：(1) “Mr Smith isnt coming tonight.” “ But he _.”A. promises B. promisedC. will promise D. had promised答案选B，“他答应(要来)”应发生在过去。(2) “Hey, look where you are going!” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.”A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticed D. I dont notice答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。(3) “Oh its you ! I _ you.” “Ive had my hair cut.”A. didnt realize B. havent realizedC. didnt recognize D. dont recognized 答案选C。“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。(4) “Whats her new telephone number?” “Oh, I _.”A. forget B. forgotC. had forgotten D. am forgetting此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。(5) “Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready?” “But I _ that you would have me start at once.”A. dont realize B. didnt realizeC. hadnt realized D. havent realized答案选B。“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。(6) “Its twelve oclock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really? I _ it at all.”A. dont realize B. havent realizedC. didnt realize D. hadnt realized答案选C。“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。5. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it.A. has written B. wroteC. had written D. was writing【陷阱】容易误选B或C。【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。6. He has changed a lot. He _ not what he _. A. is, is B. was, wasC. is, was D. was, is【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：“What place is it?” “Havent you found out we _ back where we _?”A. were, had been B. have been, are C. are, were D. are, had been答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。7. He is very busy. I dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.A. come B. comesC. will come D. is coming【陷阱】此题容易误选B。认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if如果)，而是宾语从句(即if是否)，句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：(1) I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know.A. comes, comes B. will come, will comeC. comes, will come D. will come, comes答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。(2) “When _ he come?” “I dont know, but when he _, Ill tell you.”A. does, comes B. will, will comeC. does, will come D. will, comes答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。(3) “When he _ is not known yet.” “But when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.”A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。8. The bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairing.A. is dated from B. was dated fromC. dates from D. dated from【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。9. “Youve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off.”A. Ill go B. Ive goneC. I go D. Im going【陷阱】容易误选D。【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示