高中英语-Unit-15-Learning-15.4-Lesson-4-Understanding-.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,1/44,一,二,三,四,一、生词学习,A.,按要求写出单词正确形式,1,.think(,v.,),(,n.,),2,.worth(,n.,),(,adj.,),3,.defend(,v.,),(,n.,),4,.willing(,adj.,),(,antonym,),5,.convention(,n.,),(,adj.,),6,.benefit(,n.,),(,adj.,),thinking/thought,worthy/worth,defence,unwilling,conventional,beneficial,2/44,一,二,三,四,B.,依据英文释义写出单词,7,.,to gain knowledge or learn a skill,8,.,the belief in the existence of a god or gods,9,.,to behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something,10,.,to advise or try hard to persuade someone to do something.,11,.,to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something,12,.,to think that something is true,although you do not have definite proof,acquire,religion,ignore,urge,inspire,assume,3/44,一,二,三,四,二、从课文中找出以下短语并翻译,A.,温故:从文中找出以下短语并写出它们汉语意思,1,.to start with,2,.spit.out,3,.go against,4,.day to day,5,.(be)based on,6,.put forward,7,.be known as,8,.in other words,首先,作为开始,把吐出来,反对,日复一日,基于,在基础上,提出,作为而被人所知,换句话说,4/44,一,二,三,四,B.,知新:从文中找出与以下短语相对应英文,9,.,适应于,10,.,为某人辩护,11,.,对作出假设,12,.,赞成,13,.,对主要,14,.,对有益,be accustomed to,come to one,s defence,make assumptions about,approve of,be vital to,be beneficial to,5/44,一,二,三,四,三、阅读课文,判断以下句子正,(,T,),误,(,F,),1,.People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.,2,.Most people in Bacon,s time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.,3,.People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle was wrong.,4,.Galilei proved that the Earth wasn,t the centre of the universe,but he also made a mistake.,5,.We would get all the knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.,T,F,F,T,F,6/44,一,二,三,四,四、佳句观赏与仿写,1,.,It seems obvious,now,how,we acquire knowledge and understanding.(P42),翻译:,仿写:我们是怎样犯错似乎很显著了。,2,.This,was certainly not the interest of,most people in his day.(P42),翻译:,仿写:在20世纪80年代,英语当然不是当初绝大多数人兴趣所在。,我们怎样获取知识和了解知识现在似乎显而易见了。,答案,:,It seems obvious how we went wrong.,这当然不是他那个时代绝大多数人兴趣所在。,答案,:,English was certainly not the interest of most people in the 1980s.,7/44,一,二,三,四,3,.They,preferred to,make assumptions about the world,based on,the experience of others.(P42),翻译:,仿写:我们宁愿以经典法国烹调(cooking)为基础制作这份新菜单。,4,.They didn,t want to,challenge what they,d always thought was true,.(P42),翻译:,仿写:我们要勇于向他们所信仰观念进行挑战。,他们宁愿以他人经验为依据对世界做出假设。,答案,:,We preferred to make this new menu based on classic French cooking.,他们不想向他们一直信认为真事实挑战。,答案,:,We should have the courage to challenge what they believe is true.,8/44,一,二,三,四,5,.Therefore,our understanding of the world around us,is constantly growing and changing,.(P43),翻译:,仿写:世界人口在不停地增加和改变。,所以我们对周围世界了解在不停地增加和改变。,答案,:,The population of the world is constantly growing and changing.,9/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1.It,seems,obvious,now,how,we,acquire,knowledge,and,understanding.,我们怎样获取知识和了解知识现在似乎显而易见了。,剖析,it,是形式主语,真正主语是how引导主语从句“how we.understanding”。,考点,acquire,vt.,取得,得到,To,acquire,knowledge,we must study;but to,acquire,wisdom,we must observe.,要取得知识,我们必须学习;但要取得智慧,我们必须观察。,Determination and effort made the young man get rid of poverty and,acquire,success.,决心和努力使这个年轻人脱离贫困,取得了成功。,10/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1),阅读下面句子,体会黑体词词性及含义,In,the,first,six,years,of,early,childhood,the,“window,of,opportunity”,is,wide,open,for,natural,language,acquisition,.,六岁之前儿童,处于自然习得语言,“,绝好时期,”,。,词性,:,名词,含义,:,习得,取得,2),辨析,:acquire,和,obtain,He,spent,years,acquiring,his,skills,as,a,surgeon.,他花了多年时间掌握了外科手术技术。,The,college,obtained,a,reputation,for,its,high,academic,standards.,这所大学因为学术水平高而取得了好名声。,11/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,归纳,:,acquire,多用于经过不停地学、问等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象东西,;,obtain,表示经过相当长时间或经过很大努力,取得期望已久东西。,活学活用,语法填空,1)Learning,a,foreign,language,is,a,matter,of,learning,new,skills,and,(acquire),new,knowledge.,完成句子,2)Knowledge,not innate.,知识是后天取得,不是先天就有。,3)I,the information I needed.,我千方百计地取得了我所需要资料。,acquiring,is acquired,managed to acquire,12/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,2.Although,today,we,are,more,accustomed,to,typing,a,few,key,words,into,a,search,engine,and,waiting,for,the,Internet,to,spit,the,answer,out,for,us,modern,scientists,and,thinkers,are,still,solving,the,worlds,problems,with,this,type,of,analysis,luckily,for,us.,尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词,等候互联网吐出答案,;,然而幸运是,当代科学家和思想家还是用这种分析方法为我们处理世界上问题。,剖析,本句为复合句,主从句均为简单句。although引导让步状语从句,其中动词-,ing,短语“typing.engine”和“waiting.us”作介词to宾语。,13/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点,be accustomed to,习惯于,He,is,accustomed,to,noise,because he lives right in the centre of the city.,他习惯噪音了,因为他就住在市中心。,He,was,accustomed,to,sleeping for an hour after his lunch.,他习惯于在午餐后睡一个小时。,归纳,:be,accustomed,to,中,to,是,介词,后面接名词、代词或动词,-,ing,形式。,14/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1)get/become/grow,accustomed,to,变得习惯于,According,to,a,survey,plastic,bag,use,has,fallen,by,two-thirds,as,consumers,grow,accustomed,to,bringing,their,own,reusable,bags.,一项调查表明,因为消费者习惯了自带可重复使用袋子,塑料袋使用已经降低了三分之二。,After,they,lived,in,the,north,for,some,time,they,got,accustomed,to,the,life,there.,在北方生活了一段时间后,他们变得习惯了那里生活。,It,is,important,that,children,become,accustomed,to,communicating,with,their,parents.,儿女养成和父母沟通习惯是非常主要。,归纳,:,get/become/grow,accustomed,to,强调从,“,不习惯,”,到,“,习惯于,”,这一动态过程,;,而,be,accustomed,to,只表明,“,习惯于,”,状态。,15/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,2),同义短语,:be,used,to,习惯于,It,is,a,bit,difficult,for,you,to,be,used,to,the,wet,and,hot,weather,here.,要你习惯这里潮湿而又酷热天气有点儿困难。,3)accustom,vt.,使习惯于,A,good,traveller,can,accustom,himself,to,almost,any,kind,of,food.,一个善于旅行人几乎能使自己习惯任何一个食物。,16/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活学活用,完成句子,1)They were already,so no one complained.,他们已经习惯了等候,所以没有些人埋怨。,2)Her eyes,the dark,and saw a man coming towards her.,她眼睛很快适应了黑暗,并看到一个人向她走来。,用所给动词适当形式填空,3)We have got accustomed to,(live)in an air-conditioned room.,4)The large basket can be used to,(hold)toys.,accustomed to waiting,were quickly accustomed to,living,hold,17/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,3.Bacon,held,an,important,rank,under,King,James,(,1566,1625,),of,England,but,his,true,interest,was,not,the,day,to,day,bureaucratic,details,of,the,government,but,the,worthy,search,for,knowledge.,在詹姆斯国王统治英国期间,(,1566,1625,),培根位居显要,但他真正兴趣不是政府日复一日繁文缛节,而是对知识有益探索。,剖析,这是but(第一个)连接并列句。but后分句包含“not.but”结构。,not.but,意为“不是而是”,连接两个并列结构,前后组成转折关系。,It is,not,how much you read,but,what you read that counts.,主要不是你读多少,而是你读是什么。,18/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点,worthy,adj.,值得,【高考典句】,(,浙江高考,)Make something,worthy,out of your experience.,做一些值得你经历事情。,To support these,worthy,causes,Ashoka provides money for the world,s most promising“changemakers”seeking to solve(,处理)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.,为了支持这些有价值活动,阿育王组织为世界上最有希望正寻求处理急迫问题“改革者”提供资金,希望创造一个每个公民都是改革者世界。,19/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,This is a,worthy,book.,=This book is,worthy,of being read.,=This book is,worthy,to be read.,这本书值得一读。,This thing is,worthy,of further consideration.,这件事值得深入斟酌。,20/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,辨析,:worthy,worth,和,worthwhile,这三个词都可表示,“,这件事值得考虑。,”,观察以下句子试比较归纳各句句式,The,matter,is,worth,consideration.,The,matter,is,worth,considering.,The,matter,is,worthy,of,consideration.,The,matter,is,worthy,of,being,considered.,The,matter,is,worthy,to,be,considered.,It,is,worthwhile,to,consider,the,matter.,It,is,worthwhile,considering,the,matter.,21/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,归纳,:worthy,worth,和,worthwhile,所用句式差异,:,be,worth,+,n,.=be,worthy,of,+,n,.,be,worth,doing,sth.=be,worthy,of,being,done/to,be,done,It,is,worthwhile,to,do,sth.=It,is,worthwhile,doing,sth.,活学活用,语法填空,1)It,is,often,said,that,the,joy,of,travelling,is,not,in,arriving,at,your,destination,in,the,journey,itself.,2)A,number,of,findings,in,the,report,worthy,of,being,noted.,3)What,do,you,think,of,the,book?,Oh,excellent.It,s,worth,(read),a,second,time.,but,are,reading,22/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,4.The,church,and,many,people,tended,to,ignore,the,facts,and,were,unwilling,to,challenge,what,they,had,always,comfortably,believed.,教会和许多人往往忽略事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直想当然地相信一切。,剖析,本句为复合句,第二个and连接两个并列谓语结构:“tended to ignore the facts”和“were unwilling to.”,其中后一个谓语结构中包含what引导宾语从句。,23/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点一,tend to,经常做,倾向于,Many children,tend,to,sit in front of TV for a whole day if they can.,假如能够话,很多孩子倾向于电视机前坐一整天。,He,s pretty easy-going and,tends,to,get along with most people.,他非常平易近人,而且易于与大部分人融洽相处。,Studies have shown that people who are not satisfied with their jobs,tend,not,to,work as hard as people who like their jobs.,研究显示,无法从工作中得到满足人,投入工作勤奋程度往往比不上那些热爱工作人。,归纳,:,该短语中,to,为动词不定式,后接,动词原形,;,在,to,前加,not,组成否定形式。,24/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词组意义,His,views,tend,to,the,extreme.,他观点趋于极端。,意义,趋于,;,走向,Sofia,was,in,the,bedroom,tending,to,her,son.,索菲娅正在卧室里照看她儿子。,意义,照料,;,护理,25/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点二,ignore,vt.,忽略,不顾,【高考典句】,(,四川高考,)They often,ignore,the Guianese law.,他们经常忽略圭亚那人法律。,(,安徽高考,),Ignoring,the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.,忽略两个研究发觉区分是你所犯最严重错误之一。,He,ignored,all the“No Smoking”signs and lit up a cigarette.,他不顾四处张贴着“禁止吸烟”标识牌,点燃了一根香烟。,26/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1),辨析,:ignore,和,neglect,She,saw,him,coming,but,she,ignored,him.,她见他走过来,但装作没看见。,He,neglected,to,write,and,say,“Thank,you”.,他因疏忽而未写信致谢。,归纳,:,ignore,多指有意忽略,或有意不理会、有意识地置之不理等,;,neglect,指对自己职责、义务等没有给予应有重视,表示有意或无意地疏忽、忘记等。,2),派生词,:ignorant,adj.,不了解,;,无知,愚昧,He,s,not,stupid,just,ignorant,.,他并不蠢,只是无知罢了。,To,say,you,were,ignorant,of,the,rules,is,no,excuse.,说自己不知道规则是不能成为借口。,27/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点三,unwilling,adj.,不情愿,She was unable,or,unwilling,to give me any further details.,她无法,或许是不愿意,给我提供更多细节。,Most people are,unwilling,to live with their parents when they grow up.,大多数人长大成人后,不愿跟父母生活在一起。,归纳,:unwilling,惯用作表语,后面接,动词不定式,。,28/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,派生词,:unwillingness,n,.,不愿意,unwillingly,adv.,不情愿地,He,is,selfish.His,unwillingness,to,help,his,friends,is,a,case,in,point.,他很自私,他不愿帮助朋友就是一个恰当例子。,Learn,to,face,everything,though,scared,though,unwillingly,though,with,difficulties,and,then,one,day,you,will,be,able,to,face,the,whole,world.,学着去面对每一件事情,尽管你会感到恐惧、不情愿,还见面临着许多困难,这么,总有一天,你将能够面对整个世界。,29/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活学活用,语法填空,1)I said hello to her,but she,(ignore)me completely!,2)I,m,(willing)to lend him any more money,for he never pays back the money he borrows.,3)Vegetables tend to,more expensive in winter.,句子翻译,4),我忠言完全被忽略了。,5),我妹妹担心时往往话很多。,ignored,unwilling,be,答案,:,My advice was completely ignored.,答案,:,My sister tends to talk a lot when she,s nervous.,30/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,5.They,preferred,to,make,assumptions,about,the,world,based,on,the,experience,of,others.,他们宁愿以他人经验为依据对世界作出假设。,Why,did,Aristotle,assume,that,the,Sun,moved,around,the,Earth,?,亚里士多德为何假设太阳绕着地球转,?,考点一,assumption,n.,假定,假设,【高考典句】,(,浙江高考,)When serious illness visits your household,it,s not just your daily routine and your,assumptions,about the future that are no longer familiar.,当严重疾病造访你家庭时,它不但是对你日常生活和你对未来不再熟悉假设。,We need to challenge some of the basic,assumptions,of western philosophy.,我们有必要向西方哲学一些基本假设提出质疑。,31/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点二,assume,vt.,假定,假设,So,let us,assume,that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.,所以,让我们假定历史建筑对大多数人来说既引人注目又很主要。,We do not know what the future holds,but with a few stable weeks behind us,we cannot,assume,that the worst has passed.,我们不知道未来将怎样发展,但我们不能单凭过去几周稳定形势,就假定最坏阶段已经过去。,We must,assume,him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.,还未证实一个人有罪之前,就得假定他是清白。,32/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,阅读下面句子,体会黑体词词性及含义,Although,many,people,assume,that,languages,exist,in,dictionaries,and,grammars,in,fact,they,only,exist,in,people,s,heads.,尽管许多人认为语言存在于字典和语法书中,其实它只存在于人头脑里。,词性,:,及物动词,含义,:,认为,33/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活学活用,用所给词适当形式填空,1)They,bought,the,second-hand,house,on,the,(assume),that,the,former,owner,would,paint,it.,完成句子,2)It is reasonable,that this situation will continue.,有理由认为这种情况会连续下去。,3)We,in this case.,在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测。,assumption,to assume,cannot assume anything,34/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,6.At,first,people,approved,of,his,studies,and,urged,him,to,continue.,起初,人们赞同他研究并勉励他进行下去,考点一,approve of,赞成,赞许,Before building work began,a lot of people didn,t want the Shard though the plans were,approved,.,在开工前,尽管这些计划已经过,但很多人还是不想修建碎片大厦。,His parents,approved,of,his trying to make some money,but asked him not to neglect his studies.,他父母赞成他设法赚些钱,但叫他不要荒废了学业。,If you see your friend do things you don,t,approve,of,reject his behaviour,not the person.,假如你看到你朋友做了你不赞成事,那么你应否定他行为,而不是这个人。,35/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词含义,She,would,never,do,anything,that,was,not,approved,by,her,parents.,她从来不做父母不赞成事。,含义,:,赞成,This,country,was,one,of,the,last,major,countries,to,approve,Apple,s,iPhone,allowing,it,to,be,sold,only,since,November,.,这个国家是全球各主要国家中最终同意苹果,iPhone,上市销售国家之一,自,年,11,月起才同意,iPhone,在此出售。,含义,:,同意,经过,36/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考点二,urge,vt.,力劝,强烈要求,He,urged,the necessity for immediate action.,他强烈要求马上采取行动。,We all,urged,him to go ahead with his plan.,我们都勉励他实施他计划。,He,urged,my going to see a doctor.,他催我去看医生。,The report,urged,that all children be taught to swim.,该报道强烈呼吁让全部儿童都学习游泳。,归纳,:urge,可直接接名词作宾语,还常接复合宾语,组成,urge,sb.to,do,sth.,结构,该结构还能够用,“,urge,one,s,doing,”,和,“,urge,that,sb.(should),do.,”,结构表示,接从句时从句用虚拟语气。,37/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,派生词,:urgent,adj.,紧迫,紧急,Can,you,come,to,the,phone?It,sounds,urgent,.,你能来接个电话吗,?,听起来挺紧急。,They,ve,called,an,urgent,meeting,this,evening.,他们要求今晚召开紧急会议。,It,is,urgent,that,we,(should),protect,our,natural,environment,now!,当务之急是,我们现在就应该保护自然环境,!,归纳,:It,is,urgent,that.,句式中,that,引导,主语从句,用虚拟语气,谓语形式为,“should+,动词原形,(should,可省略,)”,。,38/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活学活用,完成句子,1)His parents quite,his idea of having further study in Britain.,他父母很赞同他去英国深造想法。,2)The building plan has,by the manager and will be,next month.,建筑计划已被经理同意,下个月开始实施。,3)a.They,them support.,b.They,them support.,c.They,that,them support.,他们敦促我们给予支持。,approve(d)of,been approved,carried out,urged us to give/urged that we give,urged our giving,urged,we should give,39/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,4)That is why,you,right away.,那就是你应该立刻作出回应原因。,it,s urgent that,respond,40/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,7.But,even,though,Aristotle,was,a,great,man,who,inspired,many,great,scientists,and,philosophers,after,him,he,was,wrong,at,times.,但尽管亚里士多德是一个伟大人物,鼓舞了众多伟大科学家和哲学家,他有时也会犯错。,剖析,even though,引导让步状语从句,该从句中who引导定语从句,修饰a great man。,考点,inspire,v.,鼓舞,勉励,【高考典句】,(,天津高考,)Cathy has,inspired,us with her will and enthusiasm.,凯茜用她意志和热情激励了我们。,Serval says he was,inspired,by his experience as a father.,萨瓦尔(法国创造家)说作为父亲经历极大地激励了他。,We should,inspire,the children to think.,我们应启发儿童思索。,41/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,We need someone who can,inspire,the team.,我们需要能够鼓舞队伍士气人。,By visiting schools,the actors hope to,inspire,children to put on their own productions.,演员希望经过访问学校勉励孩子们演出自己作品。,归纳,inspire,后接表示人词或短语作宾语,其后常接,to,sth.,或,to,do,sth.,。,42/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词词性及含义,Zang,Kejia,wrote,some,very,inspiring,poems.,臧克家写过一些非常鼓舞人心诗篇。,词性,:,形容词,含义,:,鼓舞人心,;,启发心灵,Both,poets,drew,their,inspiration,from,the,countryside.,两位诗人都是从乡村得到他们灵感。,词性,:,名词,含义,:,灵感,43/44,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活学活用,用,inspire,适当形式填空,1)What,he,said,was,.,2)We,were,by,what,he,said.,3),by,the,sunny,weather,I,decided,to,explore,the,woods.,4)He,has,always,been,a,source,of,for,me.,inspiring,inspired,Inspired,inspiration,44/44,