大学英语.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 7Part A,Thinking:A Neglected Art,21st Century College English:Book 2,1/94,II.Text analysis,The Outline of Text A,Part one:,Para.13,Part two:,Para.410,Part three:,Para.1112,2/94,Comprehension,Part one:Para.13,Introduction:American education system is in deep trouble.And the problem lies in out attitudeswe place no value on intellectual activity.,The Outline of Text A,Questions:,1.How does the author illustrate her statement that the American education system is in deep trouble?,A:She cites“horrible facts”:school systems are running out of money,teachers cant spell,students cant read,high school graduates cant even find China on the map.,3/94,Comprehension,Part two:Para.410,Argumentation:The reason why American society holds prejudice against individual thinking and the authors criticism.,The Outline of Text A,Questions:,2.What two causes of“prejudice against thinking”does the author present?,A:The two causes she mentions are that thinking(a)looks as if the person is wasting time,and(b)seems unnatural,since humans are sociable by nature.,4/94,Comprehension,Part two:Para.410,Argumentation:The reason why American society holds prejudice against individual thinking and the authors criticism.,The Outline of Text A,Questions:,3.What is her main argument against the first cause of“prejudice against thinking”?How does she illustrate her argument?,A:She argues that thinking is a highly productive activity that requires time and effort.Her main illustration is that Einstein“had to study and think for months”to formulate the theory of relativity.,5/94,Comprehension,Part two:Para.410,Argumentation:The reason why American society holds prejudice against individual thinking and the authors criticism.,The Outline of Text A,Questions:,4.What is her main argument against the second cause of“prejudice against thinking”?,A:She argues that intelligence is just as much a part of human nature as friendliness and that it would be unnatural for a person to neglect his or her mind.,6/94,Comprehension,Part three:Para.1112,Conclusion:the solution to American schools problem is to attach importance to thinking.,The Outline of Text A,Questions:,5.What recommendation(s)does she have for solving the problems she sees?,A:She recommends starting in the home,for example,by offering our family members time to catch up on their thinking.,7/94,III.Reading&Writing Skills,1.,Reading skill:Identifying false logic,2.Read the proverbs about thinking,3.Structured Writing,8/94,III.Reading&Writing Skills,1.,Reading skill:Identifying false logic,Not everything you read is true,and not every writers arguments make sense.One common mistake in logic is proceeding from a false assumption:basing an argument on a statement that is unsupported,a matter of opinion or simply untrue.Sometimes writers may not realize that their assumptions are false;other times they use false assumptions deliberately,because they want to promote an idea or make a point,and dont really care how they do it!,9/94,III.Reading&Writing Skills,Do you think this “evidence”used to support the authors ideas true?,We have institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats to preventing World War III.But what have we done to promote the art of thinking?Certainly we make no room for thought in our daily lives.,10/94,III.Reading&Writing Skills,You may,of course,agree with the authors aims and opinions,even though their arguments are false.But its only by questioning a writers arguments that we can formulate our own viewpoint,come to our own conclusions,choose to agree or disagree.This kind of interaction with the ideas in a text is crucial to real comprehension.,11/94,2.Proverbs about Thinking,Humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest.,(Mark Twain,American novelist),“Im not walking into this scenario thinking Im failing.Im walking in thinking Im confident and pretty sure that I can make it work.If I sit here and listened to everyone elsetell me that I cant do it,then obviously I wouldnt be here,.”（,Michael Jordan）,学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆 孔子,12/94,3.3 Structured Writing,Look at the following outline and example of another,viewpoint+reasons,paragraph:,Viewpoint:,Its easy to explain why theres so much prejudice against students who work part-time.,Most non-students arent aware of how difficult it is to make ends meet without a job.Consequently they imagine that students have jobs just for fun.,Reason 1:,Reason 2:,In addition,few non-students understand how exhausted working students are.So they suspect sleepy students of not being serious about their studies.,13/94,Structured Writing,读写教程 II:,Ex.XIII,p.204,Now try writing a,viewpoint+reasons,paragraph of your own on one of the topics suggested.,14/94,Structured Writing,Viewpoint:,easy/understand/many people mistakenly/teachers dont work hard,Topic 1(with detailed outline),if/never tried/teaching/suspiciously easy/just sit/front of a room/ask questions,Reason 1:,Reason 2:,besides/teachers have short classes/long vacations/teaching/appearance/quaint combination,15/94,Structured Writing,Its easy to understand why so many people mistakenly believe that teachers dont work hard.If youve never tried it,teaching looks suspiciously easy:You just sit in front of a room and ask questions!Besides,teachers have short classes and long vacations.Consequently,teaching gives every appearance of being a luxurious job.,Sample Paragraph,16/94,Structured Writing,Viewpoint:,Celebrities have wonderful lives.,Topic 2,?,Reason 1:,Reason 2:,?,17/94,Structured Writing,Viewpoint:,Science is the religion of modern times.,Topic 3,?,Reason 1:,Reason 2:,?,18/94,Structured Writing,Viewpoint:,The Internet is changing the way we think.,Topic 4,?,Reason 1:,Reason 2:,?,19/94,7,20/94,neglect （the title）,v.,忽略、忽略,to pay little or no attention to,e.g.,His secretary had,neglected,filing all the documents of the project.,Cf.,forget,v.,to leave behind unintentionally;to be unable to remember,e.g.,Dont feel upset because she,forgot,your name.,Cf.,overlook,v.,to fail to notice or consider;to ignore deliberately,e.g.When she decided to rent the house,she,overlooked,the fact that theres no public transportation around.,ignore v.有意不理会,21/94,(be)in trouble(L.1),having difficulties or problems,If they know we are,in trouble,they will certainly come to our help.,Translate,许多,dot,企业陷入资金问题。,Key,Many dot companies are in trouble with funds.,22/94,run out(of sth.)(L.3),have no further supply of;lack(sth.);be out of,e.g.,What will the world use for power when it has,run out of,oil?,Cf.,run after,to pursue;to chase,e.g.,He is never tired of,running after,fame.,Cf.,run into,to meet or find by chance,e.g.,She,ran into,her boss in the supermarket during work hours yesterday.,to amount to,e.g.,His salary has run into six figures.,Cf.,run on,to,move or work by means of(sth.);go by;work by,e.g.,The toy car,runs on,battery.,Cf.,run down,to knock down,e.g.Three people were,run down,by the speeding truck.,23/94,(be)to blame(L.5),to hold responsible,e.g.A snow storm,was to blame,for the power failure.,Note,He,is to be blamed,for the damage.,He,is to blame,for the damage.,24/94,liberal(L.5),a.,1),open to new ideas;favoring reform,2)not strict;loose or approximate,e.g.,The government adopt some,liberal,policies to lift the restriction for import.,This book is a,liberal,translation.,Cf.,literal,word for word,e.g.,The official documents must be translated in a,literal,way.,25/94,liberal,liberate,liberty,liable,a.1.心胸宽大 2.自由,民主,vt.1.解放 2.释出，放出,n.自由,1.可能，大约 2.有义务,liberal,The prisoner was given his _ and allowed to leave the prison.,The government has promised more _ economic policies if it is elected.,Citizens are _to certain duties.,liberty,liberal,liable,26/94,Translate into Chinese:,But possibly the problem lies not so much in our institutions as in our attitudes.(L.8),但或许问题更多不是存在于我们制度，而是存在于我们态度之中。,27/94,intellectual (L.10),a.,having the ability to learn and reason,e.g.,A project has been carried out to study the,intellectual,aspect of apes.,Synonym,intelligent,having the ability to cope with various situations and new problems,e.g.,An,intelligent,person would have been more careful.,Synonym,bright,showing quickness and ease in learning,e.g.,Tom was a,bright,boy and often came up with great ideas.,Synonym,brilliant,showing unusually impressive mental acuteness,e.g.,Einstein had a,brilliant,mind.,Synonym,smart,having quick intelligence,and often a ready capability for taking care of ones own interests,e.g.,He is too,smart,to go against his boss.,28/94,promote (L.13),v.,1)to raise in rank,position or importance,2)to attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicity,e.g.,The organization aims to,promote,the concern for the homeless people.,The author will come to the city to,promote,his new book.,Translate,新税收政策将促进高科技产业快速发展。,Key,The new tax policy will promote the rapid development of the high-tech industries.,29/94,prompt,promise,promising,vt.促使，推进,a.灵敏，及时，快速,vt.允诺，答应,a.有希望，有前途,promotevt.1.促进 2.提升,She _her brother that she would write to him,Our teacher has been _to headmaster.,The man confessed that poverty _him to steal.,promised,promoted,prompted,30/94,make(no)room for(L.14),have(no)space or time for,e.g.,He is busy with his work all the time and,makes no room for,social life.,Practice,Make a sentence with“,make no room for,”.,31/94,suppose(L.14),v.,1),imperative,to consider as possible;if,e.g.,Suppose,you have a second chance,what will you do?,Translate,要是给你这份工作，你接收吗？,Key,Suppose you are offered the job,will you accept it?,More to learn,32/94,suppose,v.,2)to think;to expect;to imagine,e.g.,George,supposed,his role as cultural translator was important to the joint venture.,Translate,我想亚洲经济形势已经开始好转。,Key,I suppose that Asias economic situation has started to improve.,33/94,PTA,(,P,arent-,T,eacher,A,ssociation)(L.15),PTA is an organization of local groups of teachers and the parents of their pupils that works for the improvement of the schools and the benefit of the pupils.,The stated purposes of the PTA are to bring the home and school into closer relationship so that parents and teachers may cooperate intelligently in the training of the child,and to develop between educators and the general public such united efforts as will secure for every child the highest advantages in mental,social,and physical education.,Text-related information,34/94,Text-related Information,35/94,what if(L.18),what would occur if;suppose that,e.g.,What if,our computer is affected by the virus?,Cf.,what though,it doesnt matter if,e.g.,What though,the data in our computer is destroyed by the virus;we have backup.,More to do,36/94,1.,You seem to be quite certain that I will accept your offer.(,假如我不接收呢,?,),2.,If they know we are in trouble,they will certainly come to our help.,(,不过假如他们不知道呢,?),VIII.,Look at the sample sentences from the text and make use of,what if,to complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.,What if,I say no?,But,what if,they dont know?,Exercises,Structure,读写教程 II:,Ex.VIII,p.201,37/94,3.,The deadline for this job is the end of the month.(,要是我们不能按时完成怎么办,?),4.,When asked why they helped the flood victims so generously,they just answered:(“,假如这事发生在你我身上呢,?”),What if,we cant get it done on time?,“,What if,this happens to us(someday)?”,VIII.Look at the sample sentences from the text and make use of,what if,to complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.,Exercises,Structure,38/94,Text-related information,Yellow Pages(L.20),A classified telephone directory or section of a directory,listing subscribers,by the type of business or service,they offer,usually printed on yellow paper and with classified advertising.,39/94,stuff (L.34),n.,informal,substance;unspecified material,e.g.,Theres sticky,stuff,all over the desk.,Weve known all of this,stuff,;can you tell us anything new?,staff n.职员,工作人员,40/94,Translate into Chinese(L.39):,He leans back in his chair,props up his feet,puffs on his pipe and stares into space.He gives every appearance of wasting time.,他仰坐在椅上，架起双腿，抽着烟斗，漠然注视着前方。不论怎么看，他都是一副消磨时光样子。,41/94,let alone(L.55),idiom,not to mention;much less,e.g.She has never drunk beer,let alone,wine or liquor.,Translate,我不会说英语，更别提法语或德语了。,Key,I cant speak English,let alone French or German.,42/94,special,specific,specify,spice,a.特殊，专门,1.明确，详细,2.特定，特有,vt.明确说明，详细指定,n.1.香料，调味品 2.趣味，情趣,species-n.种类(L.57),(同义)kind,sort,type,Some _of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.,A.spice B.species C.series D.specialty,Key:B,43/94,Translate into Chinese(L.63):,Intelligence is just as much a part of human nature as friendliness.,智慧如同友善一样也是人性一部分。,44/94,catch up on(L.72),(make special efforts to)do sth.which has been left undone or neglected,e.g.,She is staying up late at the office to,catch up on,the report.,Cf.,catch up with,to come up from behind,e.g.,China is making great efforts to,catch up with,the advanced countries in information technologies.,45/94,regardless of(L.74),in spite of,e.g.,The company will promote its new product,regardless of,expenses.,Translate,Priscilla held onto her dream to get college education,regardless of,all the hardships.,Key,普里西拉不顾千辛万苦，从不放弃上大学愿望。,46/94,run on(L.76),(cause to)move or work by means of(sth.such as power);go by;work by,e.g.,The,taxicabs in this city are required to,run on,natural gas.,Practice,Make a sentence with“,run on,”.,47/94,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,1.Part of a psychiatrists work is to provide _ to help students with personal problems.,counseling,2.When Im very angry,I find it best to _ myself from other people for a little while.,isolate,Vocabulary,suspiciousadministrationflashmoderatepromote,counselshunsneakformulateisolate,读写教程 II:,Ex.III,p.163,48/94,3.Its very sad that many AIDS victims find themselves _ by friends and neighbors who cant overcome their fears and prejudices.,shunned,4.The government official comments on the present economic situation with _ satisfaction,saying that it is showing signs for the better.,moderate,Vocabulary,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,suspiciousadministrationflashmoderatepromote,counselshunsneakformulateisolate,49/94,5.Mary _ off to Paris last weekend all by herself without letting anyone know.She said she just suddenly felt like going away for a few days,and went.,sneaked,6.Many educators feel our schools do too little to _ creativity and critical thinking.,promote,Vocabulary,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,suspiciousadministrationflashmoderatepromote,counselshunsneakformulateisolate,50/94,7.If our institutions do not have good _,money will be lost and nothing can be achieved.,administration,8.On her way to the airport,it _ into Catherines m