unit6-The-Green-Banana市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2013/11/18,#,Made by Lauren Chan,The Green Banana,1/85,2/85,questions,How does the title“Green Banana”strike you?What do you expect the story to tell,3/85,The text is taken from,Beyond Experience:An Experiential Approach to Cross-cultural Education,edited by,Donald Batchelder,and Elizabeth G.Warner in 1974.When the second edition of the book was published in 1993,Batchelder explained his view on cross-cultural education:,Background Information,4/85,Background Information,“If some of the goals of education in modern times are to open up possibilities for discovery and expand learning and the chance for mutual acceptance and recognition in a wider world,it may be important to offer students a perspective on their own immediate center of the world by enabling them to participate sensitively as cross-cultural sojourners,sd:n,(,旅居者，借居者,),to the center of someone elses world.”,5/85,Check-on Preview,What happened to the authors old jeep in Brazil?How did the villagers help repair it?,What did the author learn about the center of the world(the rock)?How did he feel toward it?,What are the two learning moments of the author?What did he learn?,Whats the use of the green banana in the text?What does it symbolize?,When the author says we should leave our own centers of the world,does he mean we should travel to other countries more often?,6/85,Background Information,Ethnocentrism(,种族优越论,),Ethnic,refers to cultural heritage,and,centrism,refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center.Thus,ethnocentrism,basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view,or misinterpreting other cultures because one uses the concepts of his own culture.,7/85,Ethnocentrism,can lead to making false assumptions about others ways based on ones own limited experience.The key word is assumptions,because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric.That is people dont understand that they dont understand.,Background Information,Ethnocentrism(,种族优越论,),8/85,Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility.Violence,discrimination,proselytizing,prsltaz(,劝诱改宗,),and verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed.,Background Information,Ethnocentrism(,种族优越论,),9/85,Why are people ethnocentric?,It is normal to assume things on the basis of ones own experience,although it is sometimes wrong.Peoples perceptions of colors,time frames,values on industriousness,social roles,and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life.Therefore,peoples,limited experiences,they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences,and in the case of others behaviors.,10/85,What is the problem with ethnocentrism?,Ethnocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples.People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples cultures and customs.People of one culture may,falsely distort,what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his own tinted glasses.At the best,people simply continue in his unawareness.You may be well meaning in interethnic relations,but can,unintentionally offend others,generate ill feelings,and,even set up situations that harm others,.Ethnocentrism is evident in international relations,creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts,.,11/85,There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious social problems,such as,racism,chauvinism,and,ethnic cleansing,.These views are generally condemned by the world community,but regular cases can be seen in the news.,Ethnocentrism Cultural Chauvinism Relativism Racism,extreme forms of ethnocentrism,12/85,What can we do about ethnocentrism?,Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of just trying not to be ethnocentric.Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around the world,assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience.A more effective way is to,catch yourself,when you are being ethnocentric and,seek to develop better understandings,.Once we realize that we are not understanding,we are now in a better position to seek more valid and balanced understandings,.,13/85,Cultural Relativism (,文化相对主义,),Ethnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called,cultural relativism,.Cultural relativists assert that concepts are socially constructed and vary cross-culturally.These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true,morally correct,and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself.,14/85,Cultural Relativism,is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups,on their own terms,that is,without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying to measure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard.This may be,a positive value,in terms of interethnic relations.By cultural relativism,all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment,empathize and try and understand the way that particular culture sees the world.,Cultural Relativism (,文化相对主义,),15/85,Brazil,16/85,17/85,National Flag,Federative Republic of Brazil,Capital:Brasilia,Independent Day:September 7th,18/85,Two large,terrain,tren,地形,The Amazon plain,（,1/3,）,Brazil Plateau,（,2/3,）,19/85,Brazil is a Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas.It is the worlds fifth largest country,both by geographical area and by population.,20/85,Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the,east,Brazil has a coastline of over,7,491kilometers.,It is bordered on the north by,Venezuela,venzwel,Guyana,ai:n,ain,Suriname,srn:m,and the French overseas department of,French Guiana,;on the northwest by,Colombia,;on,the west by,Bolivia,and,Peru,;on the southwest by,Argentina,and,Paraguay,prwa,巴拉圭,and on the south by,Uruguay,jrwa,乌拉圭,.,Its size,relief,climate,and natural,resources make Brazil geographically diverse.,21/85,Brazil has a dense and complex,system of rivers,one of the worlds most extensive,with eight major drainage basins,all of which drain into the Atlantic.Major rivers include the Amazon,22/85,Coffee has been one of the main beverages among Brazilians since the,beginning of the 19th century.,23/85,Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region,reflecting the countrys mix of native and immigrant populations.This has created a,national cuisine marked by the preservation of regional differences.Examples are,Feijoada,considered the countrys national dish,.,24/85,The most popular sport in Brazil is football soccer.The Brazilian,national football team is ranked among the best in the world,.,25/85,Brazil has hosted several high-profile international sporting events,including the 1950 FIFA World Cup and has been chosen to host the,FIFA World Cup.On 2 October,Brazil was selected to,host the Olympic Games,the first to be held in South America.,26/85,27/85,28/85,29/85,Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become an event,of huge proportions.The country stops completely for almost a week and festivities are intense,day and night,mainly in coastal cities.,Carnival Rio(late February-early March),30/85,31/85,32/85,1 Flamboyant,（艳丽）,costumes,33/85,2 Sexy Brazilian girls,34/85,3 Passionate Samba dance,35/85,亚马孙河,THE AMAZON,36/85,The Amazon river is the great river on Earth.It is one of the worlds greatest rainforests and it is longer than any river but the Nile.,The lungs of the earth,37/85,亚马孙雨林,38/85,39/85,40/85,Iguassu Falls,41/85,42/85,Corcovado Mountain,科尔科瓦多山,43/85,44/85,Structure,Part1(1-),Part 2(),Part 3(),4,5-7,8,The writers experiences in a mountain village in the central area of Brazil.,The writers reflections on his experience.,The writers conclusion:Each culture has hidden treasures to offer to the rest of the world.,As often the case in an essay,it starts from something specific and then moves on to a general conclusion.,45/85,Further discussion,Do you think people who come from different cultures are unlikely to understand each other?,Are there cultural conflicts between students from different regions?If so,how do you settle the conflicts?,46/85,Detailed Analysis,Although it might have happened anywhere,my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road in the central area of Brazil.,What does the“,although,-clause”imply?,He could have his first experience with a foreign treasure anywhere outside of his home.It just HAPPENED to be in Brazil.So saying implies that every foreign culture has some treasures which remain unknown to outsiders.,47/85,ancient,old antique,这些形容词均含“古代，古老”之意。,ancient,:,指很久以前发生或存在事物。用于描述历史时，指,远古时代,。,ancient,所指时间普通比,old,长。,old,:,指长久以来一直存在着事物，与,times,连用指古代，与,days,连用时指从前或旧社会。,antique,:,指已经很古老或颇有古风事物，普通都,含有较高价值,。,Detailed Analysis,48/85,strain up:make a great effort to move upward,strain:try very hard(vi.&vt.),她竖起耳朵听,但什么也没听见。,(vt.),他使劲转动车轮子,但没有成功。,(vi.),Detailed Analysis,She,strained,her ears,but no sound reached them.,He,strained to,turn the wheel,but he couldnt.,49/85,When and While,We can use both words to introduce a longer,background,action or situation,which is/was going on when something else happens/happened.,Somebody broke into the house,when,they were playing cards.,While,they were playing cards,somebody broke into the house.,Note that,when,and,while,clauses can go at the beginning or end of sentences.,Detailed Analysis,50/85,Simultaneous long actions,We usually use,while,to say that two longer actions or situations go/went on at the same time.,While,you were reading the paper,I was working.,If we are talking about,ages and periods of life,we use,when,:,When,I was a child we lived in London(,NOT,While I was a child),His parents died,when,he was twelve(,NOT,while he was twelve),Detailed Analysis,51/85,Simultaneous short actions,We can use,(just)when,to say that two short actions or events happen/happened at the same time:,I thought of it,(just)when,you opened your mouth,.,While,is not possible in this situation.,Reduced clauses,It is often possible to leave out subject+be after,when,and,while,:,While/When,in Germany,he got to know a family of musicians.(=While/When,he was,in Germany),I never thought Id cry when/while looking at my old pictures.,Detailed Analysis,52/85,leak,leak away,漏出 escape gradually through an accidental hole;,逐步失去,be gradually lost,油渗出来了,因为油箱上有个小洞。,leak out,泄露,become known unintentionally,没有些人知道秘密是怎样泄露出去。,leak to,将,泄露给,tell(a secret)to sb,他把消息泄露给了他朋友。,Detailed Analysis,The oil,leaked away,because there was a small hole in the tank.,Nobody knew how the secret had,leaked out,.,He,leaked,the news,to,his friend.,53/85,Detailed Analysis,The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village,which consisted of a small store and a scattering of houses.,be made up of;be compose of,由,组成，由,组成,联合国安理会是由五个组员国组成。,UN Security Council consists of five member states.,主语,a whole,由,组成,/,组成,宾语,parts,consist of,be made up of,be composed of,be comprised,of,make up,compose,comprise,form,constitute,主语,parts,组成,/,组成,/,形成,宾语,a whole,54/85,They could see three,fine,streams of hot water,spouting,from holes in,the jacket of the radiator,.,fine,:very thin or in very small pieces or drops.,spout,:,gush forth in a sudden stream,Detailed Analysis,55/85,assure,to tell somebody that something is sure to happen or is definitely true,我能够向你确保，你儿子在这里会很高兴。,to make sth.certain to happen,Hard work has assured his success.,Detailed Analysis,I can,assure,you that your son will be happy here.,56/85,assure,;ensure;insure,assure,to tell somebody that something is sure to happen or is definitely true,使,确信；使放心,(,sb.of sth.;sb.that;sb.to do sth,.,),他要我们放心他有能力处理这个问题。,老师使学生们相信学习英语主要性。,Detailed Analysis,He assured us of his ability to solve the problem,.,The teacher,assured,the students to know the importance of learning English.,57/85,ensure,make certain that something will occur or be the case,确保，担保；确保取得,(,sth.;that,),有准备,成功就有确保。,Preparedness,ensures,success.,我不能确保他能及时抵达这里。,insure,保险,(,sb./sth.against,),我给我房子保了火险,I cant,ensure,that he would be here in time.,Detailed Analysis,I insured my house against fire.,58/85,work out,处理,解答,;,计算出,be capable of being solved;,我不能解答怎么做它。,产生结果,;,发展,turn out in the end;develop,I am glad that things are working out so well for them.,形势发展得对他们如此有利,我感到高兴。,锻炼,do exercise,这些运动员天天都要在体育馆锻炼两个小时。,Detailed Analysis,I cant work out how to do it.,These athletes work out at the gym for two hours every day.,59/85,使筋疲力尽,;,耗尽,exhaust,He never seems to be worked out.,他好像永远不会疲乏似。,了解 understand the nature of sb,他这个人很怪,我摸不透他。,作出,;,制订出,devise;plan out;arrange,It wasnt too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.,没多久我们就制订出一个大家都能接收计划。,Detailed Analysis,I cant work him out,hes very strange.,60/85,a casual remark,a casual encounter,a casual attitude,a casual inspection,a casual disregard for,rumors,casual wear,a casual laborer,a casual acquaintance,a casual correspondence,with a friend,即席讲话,邂逅,漫不经心态度,草率检验,对流言蜚语毫不在意,便装,/,休闲装,暂时工,泛泛之交,与朋友不定时通信,Detailed Analysis,61/85,He was driving very fast because he,was ignorant of,the fact that there was a speed limit.,他因为不知道有时速限制,把车开得很快。,(,不知道,),He,ignored,the speed limit and drove very fast.,他不顾时速限制,把车开得很快。,(,知 道但不注意,),Detailed Analysis,62/85,-ance(-ence,):,(from Latin)forming nouns,meaning“the action,quality,or state of doing sth”,Detailed Analysis,63/85,Detailed Analysis,accept,attend,depend,occur,perform,prefer,refer,assist,appear,differ,acceptance,attendance,dependence,occurrence,performance,preference,reference,assistance,appearance,difference,64/85,lie lied lied lying,说谎,lie lay lain lying,平躺，位于,lay laid laid laying,放置，下蛋,Detailed Analysis,65/85,Huge rock formations,like Sugar Loaf in Rio,rose up all around us,one of Rios most famous attractions;270 meters(887 feet)high and offers to visitors the best view of Rio,mainly,the,sunset.,Rio de Janeiro,里约热内卢,-the capital of,Brazil,from 1822 to 1960,when the national capital was moved to,Braslia,；,the countrys second largest manufacturing centre,；,Noted for its wide streets,public buildings,beaches,and public parks and gardens,it is a leading tourist and resort centre.,66/85,“Do you see that tall one right over there?”asked my benefactor,pointing to a particular tall,slender pinnacle of dark rock.“That rock marks the center of the world.”,high pointed rock or mountain peak,尖锥形岩石；山峰,not very wide but comparatively long or high;(of a person)slim,细长；苗条,他四下看了看，目光最终落在一位身材苗条女孩身上。,He looked around and finally rested his eyes on a slender girl.,67/85,He,in,turn,inspected,me carefully to be sure I grasped the significance of his statement.,as a result of something,转而；反过来,理论起源于实践，反过来为实践服务。,Theory originates in/from(,or,comes/derives from)practice,and in turn serves practice.,in succession;one after another;by turns,依次，轮番,申请人被依次叫进去面见考官。,The applicants were,called,in turn to see the interviewer.,68/85,inspec