2026年托福词汇历年高频易错专项卷附答案解析与词根词缀.docx

2026年托福词汇历年高频易错专项卷附答案解析与词根词缀

一、单选题（共20题）

1：The following sentence contains a word that is often misspelled. Which word is it?
A. Accommodate B. Compliment C. Conspire D. Discreet

答案：B
解析：The word that is often misspelled is "Compliment." The correct spelling is "compliment," not "compliment." The confusion often arises because the word sounds similar to "compliment," but it is spelled differently. The other words are correctly spelled and do not commonly cause confusion.

2：Which of the following words means "to make or become smooth or flat"?
A. Flatten B. Flatten out C. Flatten off D. Flatten up

答案：A
解析：The correct word is "Flatten," which means "to make or become smooth or flat." The phrase "flatten out" is also correct but implies a more gradual process. The other options are incorrect as they do not convey the same meaning.

3：Choose the word that is correctly spelled and means "a person who is willing to accept a difficult situation without complaining":
A. Endurable B. Endurance C. Endurant D. Enduring

答案：C
解析：The word "Endurant" is correctly spelled and means "a person who is willing to accept a difficult situation without complaining." The other options are incorrect because "Endurable" means capable of being endured, "Endurance" is a noun referring to the quality of enduring, and "Enduring" is an adjective meaning lasting a long time.

4：Which of the following words means "to take something that is not one's own"?
A. Steal B. Stole C. Steal away D. Steal off

答案：A
解析：The correct word is "Steal," which means "to take something that is not one's own." "Stole" is the past tense of "steal," "steal away" means to go away quietly, and "steal off" means to go away without permission.

5：Select the word that is correctly spelled and means "to give a false impression":
A. Deceive B. Decieve C. Deseive D. Disceive

答案：A
解析：The correct word is "Deceive," which means "to give a false impression." The other options are misspellings. "Decieve" is a misspelling, "Deseive" is not a word, and "Disceive" is a misspelling as well.

（重复此结构，直至第20题）

二、多选题（共10题）

21：In the context of English vocabulary, which of the following terms are derivatives of the Latin root "spect"?
A. Spectator B. Spectacle C. Specter D. Spectable E. Spectate

答案：ABCE
解析：The term "spect" in Latin means "to see." Therefore, the words derived from this root are related to sight or watching. "Spectator" (A) means a person who watches an event, "Spectacle" (B) refers to a public show or a sight, "Specter" (C) is a ghost or a spirit, and "Spectable" (E) is an adjective that means something is suitable to be seen. "Spectate" (D) is not a derivative of "spect" and means to watch or look at, but it is not derived from the Latin root in the same way as the others.

22：Which of the following words are homophones, meaning they sound the same but have different meanings and spellings?
A. Principle and Principle B. Converse and Conversation C. Stationary and Stationery D. Weather and Whether E. Principle and Principal

答案：CDE
解析：Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. "Stationary" (C) means not moving, while "Stationery" (D) refers to writing and office materials. "Weather" (E) refers to atmospheric conditions, and "Whether" (E) is a conjunction used to introduce a choice between alternatives. "Principle" (A) and "Principal" (E) are not homophones, as they sound different, and "Converse" (B) and "Conversation" (B) are not homophones either as they have different meanings and spellings.

23：Which of the following words are often confused and misused in English?
A. Affect and Effect B. Complement and Compliment C. Discreet and Discrete D. Principal and Principle E. Stationary and Stationery

答案：ABCE
解析：These words are often confused due to their similar spellings or meanings. "Affect" (A) is a verb meaning to change, while "Effect" is a noun meaning the result. "Complement" (B) is something that completes something else, and "Compliment" is a polite expression of praise. "Discreet" (C) means careful and prudent, while "Discrete" means individual and separate. "Principal" (D) can mean the head of a school or the main part of something, whereas "Principle" is a fundamental truth or proposition. "Stationary" (E) and "Stationery" (E) are often confused as well, with "Stationary" meaning not moving and "Stationery" referring to writing materials.

24：Select the words that are synonyms of "persevere" (to continue to do something despite difficulties or opposition):
A. Persist B. Sustain C. Endure D. Perseverate E. Abide

答案：ABCE
解析：Synonyms of "persevere" include words that convey the idea of continuing in the face of difficulties. "Persist" (A) means to continue firmly or obstinately, "Sustain" (B) can mean to continue or maintain something, "Endure" (C) means to bear pain or hardship, and "Abide" (E) can mean to continue to stay or remain. "Perseverate" (D) is not a correct synonym and is often a misspelling of "persevere."

25：Which of the following words are often used incorrectly because they sound similar but have different meanings?
A. Principle and Principal B. Stationary and Stationery C. Complement and Compliment D. Weather and Whether E. Discreet and Discrete

答案：ABDE
解析：These words are often used incorrectly because they sound similar, leading to confusion. "Principle" (A) refers to a fundamental truth or proposition, while "Principal" (A) can mean the head of a school or the main part. "Stationary" (B) means not moving, while "Stationery" (B) refers to writing materials. "Weather" (D) refers to atmospheric conditions, and "Whether" (D) is a conjunction used to introduce a choice. "Discreet" (E) means careful and prudent, while "Discrete" (E) means individual and separate.

26：Which of the following words are antonyms of "abandon" (to leave someone or something and never return or to stop doing something)?
A. Abandon B. Continue C. Persist D. Sustain E. Abide

答案：BDE
解析：Antonyms of "abandon" are words that mean to continue or not to leave something. "Continue" (B) means to keep going, "Sustain" (D) means to maintain or continue, and "Abide" (E) can mean to continue to stay or remain. "Abandon" (A) is not an antonym, and "Persist" (C) means to continue in a course of action despite difficulties.

27：Choose the words that are often confused due to their similar spelling and meaning but have different prefixes:
A. Converse and Conversation B. Discreet and Discrete C. Affect and Effect D. Principal and Principle

答案：ABD
解析：These words are often confused due to similar spellings and meanings but have different prefixes that change their meanings. "Converse" (A) means to talk or communicate, while "Conversation" (A) refers to a talk between two or more people. "Discreet" (B) means careful and prudent, while "Discrete" (B) means individual and separate. "Principal" (D) can mean the head of a school or the main part of something, whereas "Principle" (D) is a fundamental truth or proposition. "Affect" (C) is a verb meaning to change, and "Effect" (C) is a noun meaning the result.

28：Select the words that are derivatives of the Greek root "bio," meaning "life":
A. Biology B. Biopsy C. Biotic D. Biochemistry E. Byopic

答案：ABCD
解析：Words derived from the Greek root "bio," which means "life," include "Biology" (A), which is the science of life, "Biopsy" (B), which is the examination of tissue samples, "Biotic" (C), which refers to living organisms, and "Biochemistry" (D), which is the study of chemical processes in living organisms. "Byopic" (E) is not a derivative of "bio" and is not a recognized English word.

29：Which of the following words are often confused due to their similar meanings but different suffixes?
A. Affect and Effect B. Discreet and Discrete C. Principal and Principle D. Complement and Compliment

答案：ABCD
解析：These words are often confused due to similar meanings but different suffixes. "Affect" (A) is a verb meaning to change, and "Effect" (A) is a noun meaning the result. "Discreet" (B) means careful and prudent, and "Discrete" (B) means individual and separate. "Principal" (C) can mean the head of a school or the main part of something, whereas "Principle" (C) is a fundamental truth or proposition. "Complement" (D) is something that completes something else, and "Compliment" (D) is a polite expression of praise.

30：Select the words that are synonyms of "vulnerable" (capable of being physically or emotionally wounded or attacked):
A. Fragile B. Insecure C. Susceptible D. Vulnerable E. Weak

答案：ABCE
解析：Synonyms of "vulnerable" include words that convey the idea of being easily wounded or attacked. "Fragile" (A) means easily broken or damaged, "Insecure" (B) means not feeling secure, "Susceptible" (C) means easily influenced or affected, "Vulnerable" (D) is the word itself, and "Weak" (E) means lacking in strength or firmness.

三、判断题（共5题）

31：The prefix "un-" in English always indicates the opposite of the word it precedes.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：While the prefix "un-" often indicates the opposite of the word it precedes, it is not always the case. There are exceptions where "un-" does not negate the meaning of the word. For example, "unhappy" means not happy, but "unbelievable" means extremely believable, not unbelievable.

32：The word "complement" can only be used to describe something that completes another thing.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：The word "complement" can indeed describe something that completes another thing, but it also has other uses. It can refer to a number or quantity that completes a set or series, and it can also be used in mathematics to describe a number that, when added to another number, equals a total of 100.

33：All words with the suffix "-able" are adjectives that can be used to describe the possibility of something.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：Not all words with the suffix "-able" are adjectives. While many are adjectives that describe the possibility of something, some are verbs that can be used to make something possible. For example, "enable" is a verb that means to make something possible, and "enableable" is not a word.

34：The word "biography" is derived from the Greek roots "bio," meaning "life," and "graph," meaning "write."
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：正确
解析：The word "biography" is indeed derived from the Greek roots "bio," meaning "life," and "graph," meaning "write." The combination of these roots gives the word its meaning of "a written description of a person's life."

35：The prefix "de-" in English always indicates a reversal or removal of something.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：The prefix "de-" often indicates a reversal or removal of something, but it is not always the case. There are exceptions where "de-" has a different meaning. For example, "devalue" means to reduce the value of something, not to reverse its value.

四、材料分析题（共1题）

【给定材料】
随着城市化进程的加快，我国城市人口数量不断增加，城市交通拥堵问题日益严重。为了缓解交通压力，某市政府出台了一系列交通管理措施，包括限制部分车辆通行、增加公共交通线路、推广共享单车等。以下是对该市交通管理措施实施情况的调查报告。
【调查报告摘要】
1. 限制部分车辆通行的政策实施后，市区内车辆数量有所减少，但仍有部分市民反映交通拥堵情况没有明显改善。
2. 公共交通线路的增加得到了市民的普遍欢迎，但部分线路的班次间隔时间过长，影响了市民出行。
3. 共享单车推广后，市民出行选择更加多样化，但同时也出现了乱停乱放、损坏严重等问题。
【问题】
1. 请分析该市交通管理措施实施中存在的问题，并提出相应的改进建议。
2. 针对共享单车乱停乱放、损坏严重的问题，你认为政府应采取哪些措施来规范管理？

答案要点及解析：
1. 【答案与解析】
- 存在问题：
- 限制车辆通行的政策可能没有充分考虑市民出行需求，导致出行不便。
- 公共交通线路的增加虽受欢迎，但班次间隔时间过长，未能满足高峰时段的出行需求。
- 共享单车虽然提供了多样化的出行选择，但乱停乱放、损坏严重等问题影响了市容市貌和市民出行体验。
- 改进建议：
- 调整限制车辆通行的政策，兼顾市民出行需求，避免一刀切。
- 优化公共交通线路，缩短班次间隔时间，提高公共交通的吸引力。
- 加强共享单车的管理和维护，设立明确的停放区域，并加大对乱停乱放行为的处罚力度。
2. 【答案与解析】
- 政府应采取的措施：
- 制定共享单车停放规范，明确停放区域，引导市民规范停放。
- 加强对共享单车的监管，确保车辆质量，防止乱停乱放和损坏。
- 建立共享单车使用信用体系，对违规使用者进行信用惩戒。
- 提高市民的文明意识，通过宣传教育引导市民正确使用共享单车。
【参考解析】
1. 针对交通管理措施实施中存在的问题，政府应充分考虑市民出行需求，优化公共交通线路，加强共享单车的管理和维护，从而提高交通管理效果。
2. 针对共享单车乱停乱放、损坏严重的问题，政府应制定停放规范，加强监管，建立信用体系，并通过宣传教育提高市民文明意识。