friendship新世纪大学英语综合教程3.pptx

Before Reading_2.2,Youvetastedbitter andthesweetsuccess.,Youwantitallandyou fornothingless.,Youvetriedharderthantherest.,Youvebecomeoneofthebest.,Thisisthetimeyoullrememberfor,Allyourlife,Foreverfriends,In,Asthewholeworldjoinsandsees,Daysof .,Foreverthroughtheyears,Wellhearthe .,Joyandlaughtereverywhere!,Directions:Listen to the song and fill in the following blanks.,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K.Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Aristotle,Cicero,defeat,_,settle,_,harmony,_,unityandpeace,_,cheers,_,1/68,Before Reading_2.3,Were together here to .,Forever friends,Youll meet all ,see youve never seen.,People from parts of the world where youve never been.,And youll feel it in your heart.,We spent too much time,This is the time when all dreams of man .,Forever friends,In,As the whole world joins and sees,Days of .,Forever through the years,Well hear the .,Joy and laughter everywhere!,Were together here to,Forever friends,Word Web,Forever Friends,Mark K.Smith,About the Author,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Aristotle,Cicero,share,_,races,_,faces,_,apart,_,come alive,_,harmony,_,unity and peace,_,cheers,_,share,_,2/68,Before Reading_2.4,No matter where we are or go,No matter what we or know,No matter how we word our,There is one dream we share.,Forever friends,In,As the whole world joins and sees,Days of .,Forever through the years,Well hear the .,Joy and laughter everywhere!,Were together here to,One world one dream.,Forever friends,In harmony!,Forever friends,One dream we dream,One world we share.,Word Web,Forever Friends,An English Song,Some Famous Figures,Warm-up Activity,Aristotle,Cicero,hope for,_,unity and peace,_,prayer,_,harmony,_,cheers,_,share,_,Chinese,lyrics,(,汉字歌词,),3/68,About the author:see textbook page 8,艾奥瓦州,:(Iowa),又译爱荷华州、爱阿华州、衣阿华州，是美国,50,个联邦州份之一，位于该国中西部境内大平原地域，被列为美国居住最安全州之一。其首府为,得梅因,.,格拉斯哥,:,（,Glasgow,）是,苏格兰,第一大城市与第一大商港，,英国,第三大城市。位于中苏格兰西部,克莱德河,（,R.Clyde,）,河口,。,4/68,Before Reading_5.1,Directions:Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.,(,after-class assignment,)Then try to answer the following questions.,1.What can a forever friend do for you?,2.Have you classified your friends into different groups?If yes,how do you classify them?,3.What can we do to keep friendship as long as possible?,Word Web,Forever Friends,About the Author,An English Song,5/68,Before Reading_5.2,Sometimes in life,you find a,friend.Someone who changes your life just by being a part of it.Someone who,until you cant stop.Someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world.Someone who,you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it.This is forever friendship.When youre down,Word Web,Forever Friends,About the Author,An English Song,and the world seems dark and empty,your forever friend lifts you up in spirit and makes that dark and empty world suddenly seem,.Your forever friend gets you through the hard times,the,times and the,times.If you turn and walk away,your forever friend follows.If you lose your way,your forever friend,you and cheers you on.Your forever friend holds your hand and tells you that everything is going to be okay.And if you find such a friend,you feel happy and complete because you need not worry.You have a forever friend,and forever has no end.,Script,6/68,Before Reading_5.2,Sometimes in life,you find a,special,friend.Someone who changes your life just by being a part of it.Someone who,makes you laugh,until you cant stop.Someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world.Someone who,convinces,you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it.This is forever friendship.When youre down,Word Web,Forever Friends,About the Author,An English Song,and the world seems dark and empty,your forever friend lifts you up in spirit and makes that dark and empty world suddenly seem,bright and full,.Your forever friend gets you through the hard times,the,sad,times and the,confused,times.If you turn and walk away,your forever friend follows.If you lose your way,your forever friend,guides,you and cheers you on.Your forever friend holds your hand and tells you that everything is going to be okay.And if you find such a friend,you feel happy and complete because you need not worry.You have a forever friend,and forever has no end.,7/68,Friendship is an eternal(,永恒,)theme(,主题,)in human history.A life without friendship is hard to imagine.But what is friendship?Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the true meaning of friendship.,Detailed Reading_t0,Detailed Reading,8/68,When we approach the,notion,of friendship,our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged,criteria,for what makes a person a friend.,In one setting,we may describe someone as a friend;in another,the label may seem less,appropriate,.,Therefore,people tend to have a very,thin,understanding of what friendship really means.To help us understand what friendship really means,we need to review some classical views of friendship.,One,classical,view of friendship is provided by Aristotle,the famous ancient Greek philosopher.Aristotle,distinguishes between,what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms:one based on mutual usefulness,the other on pleasure.So,according to Aristotle,we may find three kinds of friendship:,What Is Friendship?,Michele E.Doyle&Mark K.Smith,Detailed Reading_t1,Detailed Reading,9/68,3.Friendship based on,utility,.Utility is an impermanent thing:it changes according to circumstances.When the,ground,for friendship disappears,the friendship also,breaks up,.Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly,because at their age what they want is,Detailed Reading_t2,Detailed Reading,not pleasure but utility.Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are,pursuing,their own advantage.Such persons do not spend much time together,because sometimes they do not even like one another,and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful.,They,take pleasure in,each others company only,in so far as,they have hopes of advantage from it.,10/68,the moment.,As they grow up,however,their tastes change too,so that they are quick to make and to break friendships.,That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly,changing their attitude often,even within the same day.,Detailed Reading_t3,Detailed Reading,4.Friendship based on pleasure.,Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure,because the lives of the young are,regulated,by their feelings,and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of,5.Friendship based on,goodness,.Perfect friendship is based on goodness.,Only the friendship of those who are good,and similar in their goodness,is perfect.,The conduct of good men is the same or similar.,It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form.,Such friendships are rare and they need time and intimacy;,11/68,goodness n.,1.,（表示诧异）天哪，啊呀,People sometimes say,goodness,or,my goodness,to express surprise.,for goodness sake;thank goodness,.,Mygoodness,hes earned millions in his career.,我天哪，他干那一行已挣了好几百万了,。,2.,善良；美德,Goodness,is the quality of being kind,helpful,and honess.,He retains a faith in humangoodness.,他依然相信人是善良,12/68,6.Another classical view of friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero,an ancient Roman statesman and orator.According to Cicero,true friendship is only possible between good men.,He further defines“the good”as“those whose actions and lives leave no question,as to,their honor,purity,equity,and,liberality,;who are free from,greed,lust,and violence;and who have the courage of their,convictions,.”,The friendship between good men,based on virtue,does offer material benefits,but it does not seek them.All human beings are bonded together in a community of shared reason.Therefore,in friendships,for as the saying goes,true friends must go through trials and tribulations together.,And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love,and so won his trust.,The wish for friendship may develop rapidly,but true friendship does not.,Detailed Reading_t4,Detailed Reading,13/68,7.Thus,we may see that the traditional idea of friendship is made up of three components:Friends must enjoy each others company;they must be useful to one another;,and they must share a,commitment,to the good.,According to the classical views,virtuous friends are,bound,together,as they recognize each others moral excellence.,Detailed Reading_t5,Detailed Reading,and relationships,those who,possess,any superiority must regard themselves as equals of those who are less fortunate.It is virtue that creates and,preserves,true friendship.,14/68,Detailed Reading_t6,Detailed Reading,To perceive a friend,therefore,is to perceive oneself;and to know a friend is to know oneself.Each can be said to provide a mirror in which the other may see himself.Through networks of such virtuous friends,we can develop a shared idea of the good and pursue it together.Friendship of this kind is,permanent,because in it are,united,all the,attributes,that friends ought to possess.,15/68,Global Reading_1,Parts,Para(s).,Main Ideas,1,2,1,25,Its necessary to review some classical views of friendship in order to acquire a better understanding of it.,According to Aristotle,there are three kinds of friendship,which are respectively based on utility,pleasure and goodness.Friendship based on goodness is perfect and totally different from friendship based on utility or pleasure.,3,6,According to Cicero,true friendship is only possible between good men and it is virtue that creates and preserves true friendship.,4,7,Friendship is permanent between virtuous people who share a commitment to the good or to what is morally right or worthy of praise.,True or False,Part Division of the Text,Questions and Answers,Discussion,Further Understanding,Interview,16/68,Global Reading_2.1,1.What are the possible criteria for what makes a person a friend?,Part Division of the Text,Discussion,They are caring,commonality,companionship,intimacy etc.,2.Why do people have little knowledge about what friendship,really means?,There are no commonly accepted criteria for defining what friendship really means.,Interview,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,17/68,Global Reading_2.2,According to ancient scholars,friendship can be classified into three different types.,Friendship between the young is much easier to change than that between the elderly.,People linked by friendship,which is based on utility,stay together only when they are mutually useful.,Time and intimacy are the two prerequisites for the development of true friendship.,In order to preserve true friendship,people in a community should maintain the equal relationship between each other.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,No.We may find three kinds of friendship according to Aristotle.,No.Both the friendship based on utility and that on pleasure are changeable regardless of the age.,F,(),T,(),F,(),T,(),T,(),Part Division of the Text,Discussion,Interview,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,18/68,Global Reading_3,Work in a group of four.Suppose one student is a reporter from the university TV station.Now he or she has an interview with all the other three students about the question“What is friendship based on?”Part of the interview should be based on the text.After the interview the reporter in each group should summarize and present different opinions in the group to the whole class.,Directions:,1.Express your opinions with proper language and,manners.,2.Make your answers concise and pertinent.,3.Support your argument with relevant examples.,4.Make a clear summary of different opinions by,noting down the key words and outlining the,ideas put forward during the interview.,Part Division of the Text,Discussion,Interview,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,19/68,Global Reading_4,Part Division of the Text,Discussion,Interview,According to the classical views,virtuous friends are bound together.What about people without virtues?Do you agree that people of the same kind gather together and become friends?Please give examples to support your answer.,True or False,Questions and Answers,Further Understanding,20/68,1.What are“socially acknowledged criteria”?,When we approach the notion of friendship,our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.,Detailed Reading_t1_When,Detailed Reading,“,Socially acknowledged criteria”are established standards that are accepted by all the people in the society.,2.Translate this sentence.,我们探讨情谊这个概念时，碰到第一个问题是，没有社会公认择友标准。,21/68,In one setting,we may describe someone as a friend;in another,the label may seem less appropriate.,Detailed Reading_t1_In one setting,What does this sentence imply?,The criteria for friendship vary from setting to setting.,Detailed Reading,22/68,They take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.,Detailed Reading_t2_They,1.Do they enjoy being together purely because they like each other?,No,they are together just because they expect to benefit from their relationship.,Detailed Reading,2.Translate this sentence.,只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用时候，才会乐于呆在一起。,23/68,Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure,because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings,and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment.,Detailed Reading_t3_Friendship,1.What do young people care most when making friends?,They care most about their own feelings,their own pleasure and whether there is an important opportunity at the present time.,Detailed Reading,2.Translate this sentence.,年轻人之间情谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上，因为年轻人生活受感情支配，他们感兴趣主要是自己高兴和眼前主要机会。,24/68,That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly,changing their attitude often,even within the same day.,Detailed Reading_t3_That is,What can we infer from this sentence?,Young peoples friendship is temporary,because the attitude they hold to friendship is always changing.,Detailed Reading,25/68,Only the friendship of those who are good,and similar in their goodness,is perfect.,Detailed Reading_t3_That is,1.What does this sentence imply?,Perfect friendship exists only between people who are equally good.,Detailed Reading,2.Translate this sentence.,只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相同美德人之间情谊才是完美。,26/68,It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form.,Detailed Reading_t3_,It is between,Paraphrase this sentence.,Love and friendship are mainly found between good people and the love and friendship are of the best quality.,Detailed Reading,27/68,And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other tha