专业英语考试考点答案整理.doc

词汇记忆
ferrous alloy黑色金属合金 engineering material工程材料 non-ferrous metal有色金属
alloying element合金元素 corrosion resistance抗腐蚀性 wrought iron熟铁
ball bearing滚珠轴承 automobile body汽车车身 stainless steel不锈钢
hot rolling 热轧 tool steel工具钢 heat treatment 热处理
high strength 高强度 low ductility低延展性
critical temperature临界温度 dental alloy牙科合金 electrical wiring电线
heat exchanger 热交换器 weight reduction of vehicle汽车轻量化
precipitation hardening 沉积硬化 iron based superalloy铁基超级耐热合金
mechanical property机械性能
four general types of cast irons：铸铁的四种类型：gray iron灰口铸铁，white iron白口铸铁，
malleable iron可锻铸铁 ductile iron球墨铸铁
category种类 cast iron 铸铁 aluminum 铝 zinc 锌
impurity杂质 smelt精炼 reduce还原 oxide氧化物
pig iron 生铁 carbon碳 silicon 硅 sulphur硫
ductile 易延展的 durable 耐久的 dislocation 位错 hardness 硬度
precipitation沉淀,沉积 superalloy超级合金 nickel镍 tungsten 钨
chromium 铬 quench淬火 magnesium镁 spring弹簧
contract 收缩 pigment 颜料 annealing退火 worked加工过的
porosity孔隙度,孔隙率 solvent 溶剂 cure固化 copper铜
radiator散热器 transparency透明性 function函数 modulus模量
toughness坚韧 galvanization镀锌

判 断

1、The name “cast iron” derives from the fact that there is only iron in cast irons (T/F)
命名为“铸铁”源于事实，那就是只有铁铸铁（T / F）
2、There are a lot of alloys in which there is no iron. (T/F)
有很多，其中有没有铁的合金。 （T/ F）
3、Tungsten can bear the temperature of 2000℃ in air. (T/F)
钨能承受2000℃的温度在空气中。 （T/ F）
4、Man-made composites do not imitate natural ones. (T/F)
人造复合不要模仿自然的。 （T/ F）
5、The property of the wood does not change when the environmental condition change. (T/F)
该物业的木材不改变时，环境条件的变化。 （T/ F）
6、The interfacial strength is not important for a composites material.(T/F)
复合材料界面强度并不重要（T / F）。
7、Ceramics can be substituted by steel in some case according to the passage.(T/F)
陶瓷可以取代钢在某些情况下，根据短文。（T / F）
8、If a lot of cracks are generated, the toughness is improved(T/F)
如果产生了很多裂纹，韧性提高（T / F）
9、There are more than one step in the process to make a plstic product。（T/F）
10、The film coating is used for decoration.(T/F)

翻译
1、Within the steel category, we shall distinguish whether or not a significant amount of alloying elements other than carbon is used.
对于钢的分类，我们应该以是否含有大量有效合金元素而不是碳含量的标准去区分。
2、These alloy additions are chosen carefully because they invariably bring with them sharply increased material costs.
合金元素的添加选择要谨慎，因为它们常常会带来材料价格的快速上涨。
3、 They are moderately priced due to the absence of large amounts of alloying elements, and they are sufficiently ductile to be readily formed. The final product is strong and durable.
他们适当的价格归因于没有添加合金元素，他们充分的延展性使之具有很好的成型能力，最终的制品也结实、耐用。
4、One should keep in mind that chemical compositions quoted in alloy designations are approximate and will vary slightly from product to product within acceptable limits of industrial quality control.（汉译英）
我们应该记住合金中引入的化学成分的含量，因产品的不同有许多微量差异。
5、The compositions of many commercial HSLA steels are proprietary and specified by mechanical properties rather than composition.
许多商业低合金高强度钢的分类是以机械性能而不是成分。
6、Stainless steels are more resistant to rusting and staining than carbon and low alloy steels, due primarily to the presence of chromium addition
不锈钢主要是因为加入了铬元素以后抗锈和抗斑点腐蚀远高于碳钢和低合金钢。
7、Plain carbon steel can also be tool steel. For shaping operations that are not too demanding , such a material is adequate.
普通碳钢也可以作为工具钢。对于那些不太苛刻的成型操作，这些材料就足够了。
8、These materials are expensive and , in some cases, extremely so. But the increasingly severe requirements of modern technology are justifying such costs.
这些材料很贵，在某些情况下甚至更高。但是现代技术增长的严重需求使这些花费成为理所应当。
9、Inferior mechanical properties result from a less uniform microstructure, including some porosity
机械性能差是由不太均匀的微观结构造成的，包括一些孔隙度。
10、 Cast irons have relatively low melting temperatures and liquid phase viscosities, do not form undesirable surface films when poured, and undergo moderate shrinkage during solidification and cooling.
铸铁有相对低的熔解温度和液相粘度，浇注时不会形成不良的表面薄膜，并且会在凝固和冷却期间进行适度收缩。
11、The cast irons must balance good formability of complex shapes against inferior mechanical properties compared to wrought alloys.

12、We can alter the characteristics of steel in various ways. In the first place, steel which contains very little carbon will be milder than steel which contains a higher percentage of carbon, up to the limit of about 1.5%.
我们可以用多种方法改变钢的性能。首位，含有少量碳的钢，比那些含碳量相对较高（但最高不超过1.5%）的钢更柔软。
13、Annealing has a second advantage, it helps to relieve any internal stresses which exist in the metal. These stresses are liable to occur through harmmering or working the metal, or through rapid cooling.
退火有另一个优点，它可以消除金属材料中存在的内应力。在锻造或快速冷却金属过程中，容易产生内应力。
14、The roll pressures must be greater for cold rolling than for hot rolling, but cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of great accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.
冷滚压比热滚压需要更大的成型压力，冷滚压能使制品具有很好的精确尺寸、一致性，并具有更好的表面光泽。
15、Chernov’s assumption that the properties of steels are determined by the structure and that the latter depends on the heating temperature and rate of cooling has been generally recognized.
切尔诺夫的猜想钢的性能是其晶体结构决定的，热处理温度，冷却速率等因素决定的，他的猜想得到了广泛的认可。
16、Numerous works of G.V.Kurdymov and his followers, a number of other foreign metallophysicists have revealed important peculiarities in the fine structure of steel.
GVKurdymov和他的追随者等一大批材料科学家做了大量工作，他们发现了钢精细结构的一些重要性能。
17、They include paints, drying oils and varnishes, synthetic clear coatings, and other products whose primary function is to protect the surface of an object from the environment.
他们包括油漆，干性油和清漆，合成透明涂料，等系列产品，其主要功能是从环境上保护物体表面。
18、We shall briefly list the major families of non-ferrous alloys and their key attributes.
我们将简要地列出有色金属合金和其关键属性的主要家族。
19、Zinc coating on ferrous alloys re important means of corrosion protection. This method is termed as galvanization.
在铁基合金上镀上锌涂层是一种防腐的重要手段，这种方法被称为镀锌
20、Lead alloys are durable and versatile materials. The lead pipes installed by the Romans at the public baths in Bath, England, nearly 2000 years ago are still in use.
铅合金是一种耐用而且在多方面能应用的材料，大约2000多年前被罗马人安装在英格兰的巴斯德公共浴室的铅制管道而沿用至今。
21、However, their general reactivity with oxygen requires the high temperature service to be in a controlled atmosphere or with protective coatings.
然而，它们一般与氧气的反应，需要一个可控气氛提供的高温，或具有保护性涂层才可以。
22、The strength of small diameter glass fibers is combined with the ductility of the polymeric matrix. The combination of these two components provides a product superior to either component alone.
将小直径玻璃纤维的强度与聚合物基体的延展性相结合。这两种成分的结合而提供的产品要优于单独具有任何一个成分的产品。
23、The modulus（模量） is a sensitive function（函数） of the geometry of the reinforcing component. Similarly important is the strength of the interface between the reinforcing component and the matrix.
弹性模量对于增强成分组分的几何量具是很敏感的。在增强相与基体之间的界面强度也同样重要。

完成句子
1、Moreover, iron possesses magnetic properties, which have made the development of electrical power possible
此外,铁具有磁性能,使电力的发展成为可能。
2、Cast irons have relatively low melting temperatures and liquid phase viscosities, do not form undesirable surface films when poured, and undergo moderate shrinkage during solidification and cooling （ 完成句子）
铸铁具有相对较低的熔融温度和液相粘度，倒时，不会形成不良的表面薄膜，并进行适度收缩凝固和冷却过程中
3、The cast irons must balance good formability of complex shapes against inferior mechanical properties compared to wrought alloys. （ 完成句子）
铸铁必须平衡良好的成形性，复杂形状相比，锻造合金对机械性能较差。
4、Most surface coatings （employed） in industry and by consumers are based on synthetic polymers-that is, industrially produced substances composed of extremely large, often interconnected molecules that form tough, flexible, adhesive films when applied to surfaces. （考完成句子的后置定语）
大多数在工业和消费者的表面涂层（雇员）的基础上合成的聚合物，也就是说，工业生产的物质组成的极其大，往往相互关联的分子，形成坚韧的，有弹性，粘接膜时，适用于表面。
5、Aluminum（铝） alloys are best known for low density and corrosion resistance. Electrical conductivity, ease of fabrication, and appearance are also attractive features（完成句子）
铝（铝）合金是最出名的密度低，耐腐蚀。导电性，易加工，外观也是吸引人的特点
6、Copper alloys possess a number of superior properties. Their excellent electrical conductivity makes copper alloys the leading material for electrical wiring. Their excellent thermal conductivity leads to applications for radiators and heat exchangers（铜有哪些应用）
铜合金具有优越的性能。他们优良的导电性，使铜合金电气布线的主要材料。他们优良的热传导导致散热器和热交换器的应用
7、We shall consider three categories of composite materials. Conveniently, these categories are demonstrated by three of our most common structural materials, fiberglass, wood, and concrete
我们应考虑三类复合材料。方便的是，这些不同等级的显示三种最常见的结构材料，玻璃纤维，木材，混凝土（记住复合材料的三种类型）
8、Plastics are polymeric（聚合的） materials that have the capability of being molded or shaped, usually by the application of heat and pressure.

简答题
1、How do you distinguish low alloy steel from high alloy steel?
你如何区分低合金钢，高合金钢？
Answer:A composition of 5 w total noncarbon additions will serve as an arbitrary boundary between low alloy and high alloy steels.
2、What is the function of the coke when producing pig iron?
生产生铁时，焦炭的功能是什么？
Answer:To provide heat and as a reducing agent(还原剂).

3、Why the HSLA steel is so popular?
低合金高强度钢为什么如此受欢迎?
Answer:An interesting class of alloys known as high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels has emerged in response to requirements for weight reduction of vehicles.
4、What is the main property of the superalloy steel?
高温合金钢材的主要性能是什么？
Answer:The term superalloys refers to a broad class of metal with especially high strength at elevated temperatures (even above 1000℃).
5、Generally speaking, what kind of steel is softer, and what kind is harder?
Answer:Steel which contains very little carbon will be milder than steel which contains a higher percentage of carbon, up to the limit of about 1.5%.
6、If you want a piece of steel to be harder or softer, what would you do?
如果你想要一块钢过硬或过软，你会做什么？
From heat it up beyond the critical temperature, and then quench it in water or some other liquid,we can make steel harder. we heat the steel above the critical temperature and permit it to cool very slowly. This causes the metal softer than before(annealing).

7、Who is the first metallurgist who suggested that the properties of steel were determined by the structure?
第一个提出钢的性能是由其结构决定的冶金学家是谁？
It is Chernov.
8、What are the important factors affecting the structure of steel during heat treatment process?
在钢的加热过程中影响其结构的重要影响因素是什么？
It is heating temperature and cooling rate.
9、List the applications that the copper alloy may have.
Their excellent electrical conductivity makes copper alloys the leading material for electrical wiring. Their excellent thermal conductivity leads to applications for radiators and heat exchangers.

10、Three kinds of composite materials are considered in this passage, what are they?
They are fiberglass, wood, and concrete.