完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图模板.doc

状语从句中虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导条件句中使用方法三点:
从句（条件）
主句（目）

表示于现在事实相反虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词过去式（be用were）
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

主语+would(should could might)+动词原型

表示与过去事实相反拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词过去分词
If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.
主语+would（should could might）+have+动词过去分词

表示与未来事实相反虚拟条件句
1、 If+主语+动词过去式
2、 If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、 If+主语+should +动词原形
If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.
主语+would（could should might）+动词原型

错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致情况下虚拟语气

有时条件从句中动作与主句中动作, 发生时间不一致, 这是动作形式应依据它所表示时间加以调整。

If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来, 而是用介词短语（otherwise, or, without, but for）上下文或其她方法来表示。
1. 条件暗含在短语中;
2. 条件暗含在上下文中;
3. 虚拟式变为习惯说法, 极难找出其暗含条件。

条件从句中省略if采取倒装语序情况
在if引导表示虚拟条件状语从句中, 有时能够把虚拟条件中连词if省去, 而将had, should, were等助动词提到主语之前。
例: 原句: 1: If she were younger,she,would do it.
去if: Were she younger,she,would do it.

2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him

3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

虚拟语气在as if/as though引导方法状语从句中
1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑, 谓语动词用过去式。
He treats the boy as if he were his own son.

2. 表示与过去事实相反, 谓语动词用过去完成时。

He spoke as if he had known about it.

3． 表示与未来事实相反, (表示未来可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形
He acts as if he could win in the game .

注意: 1.在as if/as though 句中, 假如有可能成为事实, 用陈说语气。
例: He looks as if he going to be ill.

2.as though或as if引导状语从句, 从句主语和主句主语相同时, 从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。

虚拟语气用在lest, for fear that, so that及in order that引导目状语从句中表示“以防, 以免”等意思

谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型组成
For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.
由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supposing（that）”引导条件从句

依据情况, 1.能够用虚拟语气。
例: suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out.
2.也能够用陈说语气。
例: They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..

“In case”引导从句中即可用陈说句, 也能够用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型

例: 1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.
2.The game will be put off in case it snows.
名词性从句中虚拟语气
一: 宾语从句中虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hope后宾语从句中虚拟语气,表示一个不可能实现愿望。
对现在情况虚拟: 从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
对过去情况虚拟: 从句谓语动词用过去完成时, 或would, could, might+现在完成时。
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.

对未来情况虚拟: 从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish (that) I would\could go.

在表示提议, 命令, 要求, 忠言, 等动词后面宾语从句中虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气, “should”常被省略。
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.

常见这类动词有:
表示“提议, 劝说, 提议”: propose,suggest,recommend,advise.
表示“要求”: ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg
表示“同意, 坚持”: insist
表示“决定, 命令”: decide,order
注意: suggest,insist不表示提议或坚持要某人做某事时, 即它们用于其本意暗示, 表明, 坚持认为时, 宾语从句用陈说语气。

The smile on his face suggested(暗示） that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.

在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词否定或疑问形式后宾语从句中虚拟语气
常常见“should+动词原型（或完成形式）, 表示惊奇, 怀疑, 不满等情绪。

I cannot believe that you should think so.
Would rather, had rather, 后宾语从句中虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或未来相反
I would rather you told me the truth.

用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做事悔恨”。
I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.

注意: 1.若某人愿自己做某事, would rather后用动词原型
2.would rather…..than……中用动词原型
I would rather do it by myself.
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.

主语从句中虚拟语气

“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中虚拟语气
表示形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.

常见形容词: natural, appropriate, advisable, necessary, important, urgent, probable, possible, desirable, strange。
注意: 在上述所列形容词后面用that引出宾语从句中, 谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例: I don’t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验, 指派她做这项工作我认为是不合适).

在“It is (was)+名词+that…..”结构句中虚拟语气
表示提议, 命令, 请求, 道歉, 怀疑, 惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.

这类名词有: advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, pity, proposal, recommendation, suggestion, surprise, wish, wonder等。
表语从句或同位语从句中虚拟语气

一些表示提议, 请求, 命令等主观意向名词做主语时, 其后表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表示形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。

My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.
We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.

在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型

It is demanded that we should work out a plan.

这类名词常见有: demand, desire, requirement, advice, recommendation, suggestion, order, necessity, proposal, plan, idea。

在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中虚拟语气
表示“该做……..时候了”
其动词形式用通常过去时或should+动词原型
It is high time that you went / should go to school.
注意: 在this is the first time/ second time that….句型中, 从句中谓语动词用陈说语气完成时态。
This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.
If only 引发感叹句中虚拟语气
If only引出感叹句, 意思是“要是…..多好”, 表示说话人一个愿望。
表示现在情况,应用过去式;
表示过去情况,应用过去完成时态
表示未来情况, 用would+动词原形

例: If only he didn’t drive so fast!(现在)
Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(过去)
If only the rain would stop.(未来)

even if ( even though) 引导让步状语从句中虚拟语气
表示一个让步语气, 即使...也做不成某事。
表示现在情况,应用过去式
表示过去情况,应用过去完成时态
Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.
Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.

Choose the best answer:
It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages.
A. could b. can C. should D. would
2. He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm.
A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished
3.He _____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A, might have given B. might give C.may have given
4.Without the leadership of the Party,there ____no New China.
A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was
5. He is talking so much about America as if he
_____ there.
had been           B. has been                 
C. was                  D. has gone
6. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing
wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set                   B. had done; should be set   
C. should do; be set   D. had done; must be set
7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all
right now.
are      B. were     C. would be   
D. would have been
8. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment
ago.
 A. would      B. should have        C. may      D. have

CAAA ABCB