非谓语动词间句法功能.ppt

人教版人教版 Book 7 Unit 3 Book 7 Unit 3 语语法法 1 1课时课时1 1.动词不定式的基本形式不定式的基本形式主主主主动语态动语态被被被被动语态动语态一般式一般式一般式一般式完成式完成式完成式完成式进进行式行式行式行式 完成完成完成完成进进行式行式行式行式 to doto doto be doneto be doneto have to have donedoneto haveto have been done been doneto be doingto be doing to have to have been doingbeen doing 2 2.分分词/动名名词的基本形式的基本形式主主主主动语态动语态被被被被动语态动语态现现动动在在在在名名名名分分分分词词词词一般一般一般一般式式式式完成完成完成完成式式式式过过去分去分去分去分词词 doingdoingbeing donebeing donehaving donehaving donehaving been having been donedone donedone3 3.动动名名名名词词动词动词不定不定不定不定式式式式分分分分词词主主主主语语宾语宾语表表表表语语定定定定语语状状状状语语补语补语4 4.1作主作主语 不定式多表具体的不定式多表具体的动作，作，动名名词多表抽象多表抽象 习惯的的动作作（1）不定式做主）不定式做主语不定式作主不定式作主语时,谓语用用单数，数，为了平衡句子了平衡句子,通常用通常用it作形式主作形式主语,构成句型构成句型:Its+n.(adj.)+for(of)sb.+to do sth.To find out who stole the money is not easy.Its not easy(for you)to find out who stole the money.5 5.不定式的复合不定式的复合结构构 :for sb to do,of sb to doIt is useful for you to learn some spoken English.It is very kind of you to come here.It is foolish of him to do such a thing.在某些形容在某些形容词如如clever,good,nice,kind,foolish,careless,right,wrong,rude,impolite等等词之后的不定式前，常加之后的不定式前，常加of短短语,这是是对人做某事的人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。或感激等。6 6.eg.Its eg.Its worthwhileworthwhile doing it.doing it.Its Its no useno use doing it.doing it.Its Its a waste of timea waste of time doing it doing it(2)(2)动动名名名名词词做主做主做主做主语时语时，it it也可作形式主也可作形式主也可作形式主也可作形式主语语用于用于用于用于这这种种种种形式的是一些特定的形式的是一些特定的形式的是一些特定的形式的是一些特定的adjadj和和和和n n，但，但，但，但较较少少少少,如如如如 worthwhile,worth,useless,no use,no good,worthwhile,worth,useless,no use,no good,fun,a waste of timefun,a waste of time等等等等7 7.2作作宾语Im preparing to take the examination next week.（1）只接）只接to do 作作宾语的的动词 attempt,afford,agree,arrange,beg,attempt,afford,agree,arrange,beg,choose,decide,determine,choose,decide,determine,expect,hope,intend,long,manage,expect,hope,intend,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse seek,wish,want seek,wish,want 等等等等8 8.allow,mind,miss,enjoy,escape,allow,mind,miss,enjoy,escape,consideconside（考（考（考（考虑虑）,admit(,admit(承承承承认认)，advise,appreciateadvise,appreciate，avoid,finish,avoid,finish,practise,suggest,delaypractise,suggest,delay（延（延（延（延迟迟）,imagine,keep,quitimagine,keep,quit（离开）（离开）（离开）（离开）,resist,resist(抵抗抵抗抵抗抵抗),risk),risk（冒（冒（冒（冒险险）,be used to,be used to,look forward tolook forward to（期望）（期望）（期望）（期望）,object to,object to（反（反（反（反对对）,pay attention to,pay attention to,等等等等 （2）只接）只接doing动名名词作作宾语的的动词9 9.(3)(3)即可接即可接即可接即可接 to do to do 又可接又可接又可接又可接doing doing，但意，但意，但意，但意义义区区区区别别不大的不大的不大的不大的词词有：有：有：有：like,hate,begin,start,like,hate,begin,start,love,continuelove,continue等等等等注意注意注意注意:start,begin:start,begin后面接后面接后面接后面接to doto do和和和和doingdoing无多大区无多大区无多大区无多大区别别。但在下列情况下，多用。但在下列情况下，多用。但在下列情况下，多用。但在下列情况下，多用动词动词不定式：不定式：不定式：不定式：a a表自然界表自然界表自然界表自然界变变化：化：化：化：It started to rain.It started to rain.Snow started to melt Snow started to melt asas spring came.spring came.b.b.接表心理活接表心理活接表心理活接表心理活动动的的的的词词，如，如，如，如understand,know,understand,know,realizerealize等等等等I began to realize my mistakes.I began to realize my mistakes.c.c.begin,startbegin,start本身本身本身本身为进为进行行行行时时：People are beginning to take some measures People are beginning to take some measures to stop pollution.to stop pollution.1010.(4)(4)有些有些有些有些动词动词后可接后可接后可接后可接to doto do或或或或doingdoing，但意，但意，但意，但意义义截然不同。截然不同。截然不同。截然不同。try to dotry to dotry doingtry doingmean to domean to domean doingmean doingforget to doforget to doforget doingforget doingremember to doremember to doremember doingremember doingstop to do stop to do stop doingstop doing尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尽力去做某事试试一一一一试试，试试试试看看看看打算做某事打算做某事打算做某事打算做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事忘忘忘忘记记做做做做过过了某事了某事了某事了某事忘忘忘忘记记要做某事要做某事要做某事要做某事记记得要做某事得要做某事得要做某事得要做某事记记得做得做得做得做过过了某事了某事了某事了某事停下（某事）去做某事停下（某事）去做某事停下（某事）去做某事停下（某事）去做某事把某事停下来把某事停下来把某事停下来把某事停下来1111.go on doinggo on doinggo on to dogo on to do regret to doregret to doregret doingregret doing(5)need,require,want(5)need,require,want译译作作作作“需要需要需要需要”时时，跟跟跟跟doingdoing作作作作宾语宾语，主，主，主，主动动表被表被表被表被动动，相当于，相当于，相当于，相当于to to be done.be done.The classroom needs cleaning/to beThe classroom needs cleaning/to becleanedcleaned继续继续做同一件事做同一件事做同一件事做同一件事继续继续做另一件事做另一件事做另一件事做另一件事遗遗憾地要做某事憾地要做某事憾地要做某事憾地要做某事后悔做了某事后悔做了某事后悔做了某事后悔做了某事cant help to docant help to docant help doingcant help doing情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事1212.(6)介介词but/except 表除了，其前有表除了，其前有实义动词do时，but/except后的不定式后的不定式to要省略，否要省略，否则to则不省不省.我我们用一句用一句话概括就是：概括就是：有有dodo无无toto，有，有 toto无无 dodoShe has no choice but to waitHe could do nothing but wait.1313.3作表作表语不定式，不定式，不定式，不定式，动动名名名名词词作表作表作表作表语语多多多多说说明主明主明主明主语语的内的内的内的内容，不定式常容，不定式常容，不定式常容，不定式常说说明具体的一次行明具体的一次行明具体的一次行明具体的一次行为为，动动名名名名词词多表抽象多表抽象多表抽象多表抽象习惯习惯分分分分词词：现现在分在分在分在分词词：令人：令人：令人：令人的的的的过过去分去分去分去分词词：感到：感到：感到：感到的的的的My job is My job is to teach/teaching to teach/teaching you English.you English.She looked She looked disappointed.disappointed.The news is very The news is very disappointingdisappointing.1414.（1 1）不定式做定）不定式做定语 a a 作作定语的不定式与被修的不定式与被修饰的名的名词或代或代词往往存在着三种往往存在着三种逻辑关系，关系，主主谓关系关系，动宾关关系，同位系，同位语关系关系Alice is always the first student to come to school.(主主谓关系关系)Tom has a large family to support.(动宾关系关系)My father made a promise to buy me a bicycle.(同位同位语关系关系)4做定做定语1515.B在动宾关系时，不定式动词为不及物动词,应在该动词后加上一个介词Please pass me some paper to write on.She has a nice pen to write with.He bought a flat for the family to live in.1616.c当名当名词被被the first,the last等序数等序数词以及以及 the only,形容形容词最高最高级修修饰时，常用不定式作定，常用不定式作定语，而不管，而不管动作是否已完成作是否已完成 He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.d以以以以“即将即将即将即将发发生的生的生的生的动动作作作作”修修修修饰饰事物事物事物事物时时，可用不定式做，可用不定式做，可用不定式做，可用不定式做定定定定语语He will write more books in the years to come.He will write more books in the years to come.The students are preparing for the examination The students are preparing for the examination to take place soon.to take place soon.1717.(2)(2)分分分分词词做定做定做定做定语语：分分分分词词前置：前置：前置：前置：We can see the We can see the rising rising sun.(sun.(表正在表正在表正在表正在进进行主行主行主行主动动He is a He is a retiredretired worker.worker.（表被（表被（表被（表被动动完成）完成）完成）完成）分分分分词词后置：后置：后置：后置：There was a girl There was a girl sitting theresitting there.This is the question This is the question givengiven.There is ten minutes There is ten minutes left.单单个的分个的分个的分个的分词词做定做定做定做定语语分分分分词词短短短短语语，个，个，个，个别别分分分分词词如如如如given,leftgiven,left等等等等时时要后置要后置要后置要后置1818.(3)(3)动动名名名名词词与分与分与分与分词词做定做定做定做定语语的区的区的区的区别别：动动名名名名词词做定做定做定做定语语表示其名表示其名表示其名表示其名词词的用途的用途的用途的用途现现在分在分在分在分词词做定做定做定做定语语表示名表示名表示名表示名词词所所所所进进行的行的行的行的动动作作作作a a sleepingsleeping baby baby=a baby=a baby who is sleepingwho is sleepinga a sleepingsleeping car car=a car=a car for sleepingfor sleeping1919.5 作作宾语补足足语（1 1）宾补为宾补为to do to do 的的的的动词动词 如：如：如：如：ask sb to ask sb to do sth do sth 类类似似似似动词动词有有有有allow,forbid,prefer,force,announce,allow,forbid,prefer,force,announce,press,inspire,request,advise,remind,press,inspire,request,advise,remind,beg,command,drivebeg,command,drive，train,cause,train,cause,requirerequire，order,warn,encourage,want,order,warn,encourage,want,lead,teach,permit,wishlead,teach,permit,wish等等等等2020.（2）宾补为省去省去to 的不定式的不定式,被被动时需加需加上上 to a.表示感表示感觉或心理状或心理状态的的动词see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel 等等 They saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.b.使役使役动词have,make,let 但无但无make sb doing sth的的结构构 2121.6作状作状语（动词不定式与分不定式与分词）She was very surprised to hear the news.（原（原因）因）He went home to find his old friend Tom waiting for him.（结果）果）a.表表结果果时 only to do 表意料之外，表意料之外，only doing 表情理之中表情理之中 I hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(意料之外意料之外)He got up early only catching the first bus(情理之中）情理之中）.(1)(1)动词动词不定式表目的，不定式表目的，不定式表目的，不定式表目的，结结果，原因果，原因果，原因果，原因2222.B 不定式用作不定式用作结果状果状语时，还可以用于可以用于 so as to/suchas to(如此如此以致于以致于)，too to adj./adv./n.+enough to do Jim got up so early as to catch the first bus.The problem is too difficult for us to work out.The boy is old enough to go to school.2323.c 主主动形式表被形式表被动意意义的不定的不定式式eg:The question is very difficult to answer.The armchair is comfortable to sit in.主主语be+adj.+to do 能用于此句型的形容能用于此句型的形容词有：有：difficult,easy,comfortable,hard,pleasant，interesting,dangerous,等等2424.(2)分分词做状做状语可以表示可以表示时间，原因，条件，原因，条件，让步，步，伴随，方式，伴随，方式，结果果Not having received(=As I hadnt received)an answer,I wrote him a letter.He sat at the table,reading the China Daily and read the China Daily2525.改改错：1.Seeing from the top of the hill,the park looks very beautiful.seen2.Being dark,she didnt dare to go out alone.It2626.(3)a 分分词的独立主格的独立主格结构：由主构：由主语+分分词构成构成Everything done(=After everything was done),they went home.Mother being ill in bed（=Because Mother was ill in bed）,he couldnt go to work.Time permitting（=If time permits）,I shall stay here for another two days2727.b .b .动动名名名名词词的复合的复合的复合的复合结结构构构构动动名名名名词结词结构作主构作主构作主构作主语语,其其其其逻辑逻辑主主主主语语用所有格用所有格用所有格用所有格onesones，作作作作宾语宾语,其其其其逻辑逻辑主主主主语语用用用用宾宾格或所有格格或所有格格或所有格格或所有格均可均可均可均可ones/sbones/sb，逻辑逻辑主主主主语语是无生命名是无生命名是无生命名是无生命名词时词时,不管做主不管做主不管做主不管做主语还语还是是是是宾语宾语，只用普通格，只用普通格，只用普通格，只用普通格1)1)Toms/His/That girls Toms/His/That girls being late made the being late made the teacher angry.teacher angry.2)The teacher was angry2)The teacher was angry at at Toms/TomToms/Tom being late.being late.his/his his/his that girls/that girlthat girls/that girl3 3）Are there any hope of Are there any hope of our team winning our team winning the match?the match?（逻辑逻辑主主主主语语是无生命名是无生命名是无生命名是无生命名词词）C C 不定式的复合不定式的复合不定式的复合不定式的复合结结构构构构为为：for sb to do,for sb to do,of sb to doof sb to do 2828._with the size of the whole earth,the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.A When compared B To compareC While comparing D It comparedThe discovery of new evidence led to _A the thief having caught B catch the thiefC the thief being caught D the thief to be caught2929._Sunday,the students are at home.A Being B To be C It is D It being_ stone and sticks,they ran into the street and joined in the fighting A Armed B Arming C Armed with D Arming with 3030.3131.