基于声学标签系统(ATS)鱼类个体运动行为对水质变化的响应模式与应用.pdf
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1、分类号 X826 密级-UDC _博士学位论文基于声学标签系统(ATS)鱼类个体运动 行为对水质变化的响应模式与应用学科专业 结构工程 基于声学标签系统(ATS)鱼类个体运动行为 对水质变化的响应模式与应用摘要水环境污染是社会经济发展过程中面临的重大环境问题,具有危害性 大、偶然性强和社会影响恶劣等特点,引发的水环境安全问题已经引起社 会公众和政府管理部门的高度重视。因此,对江河湖库水质监测技术提出 了更高更迫切的要求。本论文以鱼类作为指示生物,引进美国先进的声学 标签系统(ATS),以室内水生态环境模型和野外小型湖畔为研究平台,对 鱼类个体运动行为轨迹进行24小时在线监测,研究其对水质变化的
2、响应模 式。通过无人船水质在线监测系统和MIKE软件对水质进行了验证性监测 和模拟,同时耦合ATS鱼类个体运动行为对水质的响应指标和鱼类敏感性 水质指标构建了水生态健康评价体系。主要研究结论如下:(1)确定了鱼类个体运动行为对水质变化的响应指标为鱼类离污染源 距离yd、鱼类离水面距离火和鱼类游泳速度为。通过分析鱼类个体运动轨迹 的时空分布情况可知:在时间尺度上,鱼类个体运动行为响应模式主要表 现为鱼类离污染源距离为,且随污染物浓度增大yd也越大;在空间尺度上,鱼类个体运动行为响应模式主要表现为鱼类离水面距离yz。在贫中营养 阶段,力变化范围较大;在富营养阶段,yz的主要范围为020.4m。鱼类
3、 游泳能力对水质变化的响应模式主要表现为鱼类游泳速度%。两个连续轨 迹点的间距大小反映了鱼类游泳速度的快慢,距离大说明鱼类游泳速度快,反之则慢,鱼类游泳速度随水中污染物浓度增大而逐渐变慢。(2)确定了鱼类敏感性水质指标为溶解氧DO、铜绿微囊藻毒素MC-LR 和非离子氨NH3,以及水质变化对鱼类个体运动行为轨迹的影响及其致死 I阈值。在贫中营养阶段,DO含量变化是鱼类个体运动行为轨迹发生变化 的主要影响因素;在富营养阶段,DO、MC-LR和NH3是共同引起鱼类个 体运动行为轨迹发生变化的主要影响因素,在此阶段由于藻类死亡而释放 出大量衍生污染物MC-LR和NH3,DO快速下降,MCLR和NH3快
4、速上 升。当溶解氧含量为3.0 mg/L时,成年鲤开始出现45。浮头现象;当DO、MC-LR和NH3含量分别达2.5mg/L、1.20mg/L和1.50mg/L时,成年鲤开 始出现死亡现象。(3)构建了基于ATS鱼类个体运动行为对水质变化的响应模式。根据 鱼类个体运动行为响应指标与鱼类敏感性水质指标的相关性分析结果可知,鱼类个体运动行为响应指标yd、yz.%与鱼类敏感性水质指标DO、MC-LR 和NH3呈强相关性和强负相关性以上;建立了丫心力和%对水质变化的预 测模型,模型相关系数均达0.9以上,且预测模型的拟合优度、I可归方程以 及回归系数显著,可做为鱼类个体运动行为对水质变化响应指标的预测
5、模 型。(4)验证了基于ATS鱼类个体运动行为响应指标预测模型,且验证模 型比原预测模型更准确。结合野外水域实测资料对预测模型进行了验证,根据验证结果可知:与原预测模型相比,验证模型y/、为和%的验证结果 与实测值偏差更小,说明经过验证后的预测模型比原预测模型更准确。(5)得到了水质变化过程中鱼类个体运动行为的拟合轨迹。根据BP 神经网络算法对水质变化过程中鱼类个体运动行为轨迹进行了拟合,拟合 结果表明鱼类三维运动轨迹坐标X、Y方向拟合的相关系数均达到0.9以上,拟合效果好;Z方向拟合的相关系数为0.365,拟合效果欠佳,主要是由于 水体较浅且鱼类在贫中营养阶段Z方向的轨迹分布范围变化较大引起
6、的。但归一化处理后的拟合相关系数比归一化前均有所提高,说明归一化处理 后鱼类三维运动轨迹的整体拟合效果比归一化前拟合的效果要好。说明BP 神经网络算法是一种拟合鱼类三维运动轨迹的有效方法。(6)得到了鱼类敏感性水质指标DO、MC-LR和NH3的推求值,且与 实测值、模拟值偏差较小。根据验证模型推求得到鱼类敏感性水质指标DO、MCLR和NH3的含量,且推求值和实测值偏差较小。另外,通过MIKE软 件模拟了野外实测水域主要水质指标的演变过程,并得到了主要水质指标 的模拟值,且与推求值偏差较小。根据验证后的ATS鱼类个体运动行为响 应模式得到鱼类敏感性水质指标的推求值与实测值、模拟值的偏差均较小,进
7、一步说明了根据基于ATS鱼类个体运动行为响应模式推求水质指标含量 结果是可信的。(7)建立了耦合ATS鱼类个体运动行为响应指标及敏感性水质指标的 水生态健康评价体系并进行等级划分。根据构建的水生态健康评价体系对 野外实测水域的水生态健康状态进行了评价,评价结果与根据实测水质指 标进行评价的结果基本一致,说明该评价体系与方法更真实、实时地反映 出水体生态环境的健康状况。最后,采用虚拟仿真技术对鱼类在水质演变 过程中的运动行为响应进行了三维可视化虚拟仿真模拟,为鱼类运动行为 监测、水生态健康评价和预警提供可视化视觉效果。关键词:声学追踪系统(ATS);鱼类个体运动行为响应指标;鱼类敏感性 水质指标
8、;数据挖掘;响应模式;MIKE模拟;水生态健康评价 体系illRESPONSE MODEL AND APPLICATION OF FISH INDIVIDUAL MOTION BEHAVIOURS WITH WATER QULAITY CHANGES BASED ON ACOUSTIC TAG SYSTEM(ATS)ABSTRACTWater pollution is a major en viron men tal problem in curren t society with social an d econ omic developmen t.It is h armful,accide
9、n tal an d h as a rath er passive in fluen ce on th e society.Th e en viron men tal safety problems h ave caused a h igh degree of atten tion to th e gen eral public an d govern men t agen cies.Th erefore,h igh er an d more urgen t requiremen ts are put forward fbr th e water quality mon itorin g te
10、ch n ology of rivers,lakes an d reservoir.In th is paper,fish was selected as th e biological in dicator.Th e advan ced acoustic tag system(ATS)of Un ited States was used to mon itor motion trajectories of fish es.Th e fish in dividual movemen t beh aviors were mon itored in real time in an in door
11、water ecological en viron men t model an d lake.Respon se models of fish beh aviors with th e ch an ge of water quality were studied.Water quality was mon itored by on lin e mon itorin g system of un man n ed sh ip.Th e process of water quality evolution was simulated by usin g Mike software.In th e
12、 mean time,water ecological h ealth assessmen t system was built by couplin g th e respon se in dicators of ATS fish in dividual motion beh aviors an d fish sen sitivity water quality in dexs.Th e main results were listed as followin g:(1)Th e fish in dividual beh avior respon se in dicators fbr wat
13、er quality ch an ge were th e distan ce from fish es to th e source of pollution(yj),th e distan ce from fish es to water surface()an d th e speed of fish es swimmin g(%),respectively.By an alyzin g th e temporal an d spatial distribution s of fish in dividual motion beh avioral trajectories in th e
14、 process of water quality ch an ge,it can see th at th e respon e mode of fish in dividual motion beh avior was main ly expressed by yd on th e time scale.Wh en th e con cen tration of pollutan ts was IVgreater,became larger.On th e spatial scale,th e respon e mode of fish in dividual motion t beh a
15、vior was main ly sh owed by yz.At th e oligotroph ic an d mesotroph ic stage,yz varied widely.At th e eutroph ic stage,th e main ran ge of yz was 0.20.4m.Th e respon se mode of fish swimmin g ability to water quality ch an ge is main ly represen ted by fish swimmin g speed.Th e distan ce between two
16、 con secutive trajectory poin ts of fish reflected its swimmin g speed.Th e swimmin g speed was greater wh en th e distan ce was larger,an d vice versa.It sh owed th at th e swimmin g speed of fish gradually slowed down with th e in crease of pollutan t con cen tration in water.(2)Th e fish sen siti
17、vity water quality factors were DO,MC-LR an dNH3,respectively.Th e impact of water quality ch an ges on th e fish in dividual motion beh avior an d th eir leth al th resh olds were determin ed.At th e stage of oligotroph ic an d mesotroph ic,DO was th e main in fluen ce factor on th e ch an ge of fi
18、sh in dividual motion beh avior.At th e eutroph ic stage,DO,MC-LR an d NH3 were th e main in fluen ce factors.At th is stage,algae died an d released a large amoun t of derivative pollutan ts such as MC-LR an d NH3,wh ich also resulted in th e rapid decrease of DO,MC-LR an d NH3 in creased rapidly.W
19、h en th e DO decreased to 3.0 mg/L,adult carp began to float at 45 an gles.Th e adult carp began to die wh en th e con cen tration of DO,MCLR an d NH3 reach ed 2.5 mg/L,1.20 mg/L an d 1.50 mg/L,respectively.(3)Th e respon se mode of fish motion beh avior based on ATS to water quality ch an ges was c
20、on structed.Accordin g to th e correlation an alysis between respon se in dicators of fish in dividual motion beh avior an d fish sen sitivity water quality factors,it was kn own th at th e respon se in dicators yz yv h ad stron g correlation or stron g n egative correlation with DO,MC-LR an d NH3.P
21、rediction models of yd yz an d yv were establish ed.Th e correlation coefficien ts of th ese models were all greater th an 0.9.Th e sign ifican ce an alysis result sh owed th at th e goodn ess of fit,regression equation an d regression coefficien t of th e vestablish ed models were all sign ifican t
22、.Th e models of yd.yz an d yv can be used to predict th e respon se in dicators of fish in dividual motion beh avior wh en water quality ch an g.(4)Th e in dex predictive modeles of fish in dividual motion beh avior based on ATS were verified,an d th e verified models were more accurate th an th e o
23、rigin al prediction models.Th e prediction models were verified by combin in g th e measured data in small lakes.Accordin g to th e verification results,th e verification result of th e verification models h ad a smaller deviation from th e measured value by comparin g with th e origin al prediction
24、 model.It con cluded th at th e verified prediction models were more accurate th an th e origin al on e.(5)Th e fittin g trajectories of fish in dividual motion beh avior durin g water quality ch an ge was got.Accordin g to th e BP n eural n etwork algorith m,th e beh avioral trajectories of fish in
25、 th e process of water quality ch an ge were fitted an d h ave a good fittin g efifect.Th e fittin g results sh owed th at th e correlation coefficien ts of x an d y direction in th e th ree-dimen sion al coordin ate of fish in dividual motion beh avior were greater th an 0.9.Th e fittin g effect wa
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- 基于 声学 标签 系统 ATS 鱼类 个体 运动 行为 水质 变化 响应 模式 应用
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