托福高分必备-老托福阅读经典文章21篇.pdf
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1、 托福高分必备老托福阅读经典文章 21 篇 Passage 1 The Montessori method of educating children is guided by perhaps a half-dozen major principles of education. The first affirms the biological programming of child development, the childs capacity for self - realization, for auto-education. The second calls for scienti
2、fic pedagogy. A science of childhood based on observation. The third demands a natural environment in which self-development can be expressed and observed. Montessori believed that the school could be made into such an environment, thus becoming a laboratory for scientific pedagogy. This environment
3、 should be determined scientifically. In order to expand, children, left at liberty to exercise their activities, ought to find in their surroundings something organized in direct relation to the childrens internal organization. All of these principles imply the next, which Montessori calls the biol
4、ogical concept of liberty in pedagogy: the child must be free to act spontaneously and to interact with the prepared environment. The entire program is concerned with the individual child; the spontaneity, the needs, the observation, the freedom are always those of the individual. Finally, the modus
5、 operandi of the method is sensory training. 1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) Principles of the Montessori Method (B) Modern Principles of Education (C) Results of the Montessori Method (D) Stages of Child Development 2. In line 6, the phrase such an environment refer
6、s to which of the following kinds of environment? (A) Biological, accompanied by specimens (B) Scientific, accompanied by experiments (C) Pedagogical, in which ideology prevails (D) Natural, in which self-expression prevails 3. According to the passage, the Montessori method focuses on (A) the indiv
7、idual child (B) pairs of children (C) small groups of children (D) large groups of children 4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Montessori method was named after a (A) school (B) town (C) person (D) book 5.Which of the following would NOT be advocated by the Montessori method? (A) Tightly
8、 controlling childrens group activities (B) Carefully teaching children to listen and observe (C) Permitting children to work at their own pace (D) Allowing children to speak out at will during classes Passage 2 A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but
9、in the Sun; in fact, at the Suns very center. It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fu
10、se together to form nuclei of helium, and, in doing so, release some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been doing for several
11、thousands of millions of years. The nuclear energy is released at the Suns center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much shorter wavelength. This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun, to be re-emitted at slight
12、ly longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is absorbed and re-emitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes through the x-ray part of the spectrum, eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached what we call the solar surface, and can escape in
13、to space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. Avery small fraction of the Suns light and heat is emitted in such directions that, after passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth. 1.What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) the production of solar light and heat (B
14、) the physical and chemical nature of life (C) The conversion of hydrogen to helium (D) Radiation in the x-ray part of the spectrum 2.According to the passage, energy is released in the Sun when (A) helium atoms bind with each other (B) gamma radiation escapes from the spectrum (C) radiation is abso
15、rbed by helium (D) nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide 3.The passage indicates that, in comparison to radio waves, gamma waves (A) produce louder sound (B) are less magnetic (C) do not form in the Suns center (D) are not as long 4.According to the passage, through which of the following does the energy
16、 released in the Sun pass before it becomes light? (A) The x-ray part of the spectrum (B) Electromagnetic space (C) The solar surface (D) Interplanetary space 5.It can be inferred from the passage that the Suns light travels (A) through solid objects in space (B) in many different directions (C) mor
17、e slowly than scientists previously believed (D) further in summer than in winter Passage 3 As with most aspects of Plains Indian culture, music was closely bound up with religious beliefs. Instruments were played individually and during public dances, and there was music for almost every occasion.
18、In public ceremonies singing was combined with dancing and with music from a variety of instruments. The dancers shook rattles or pounded hand - held drums to underscore their foot-beats. Rattles were made of gourds or of turtle shells filled with pebbles or seeds. Drums generally were made by soaki
19、ng a strip of wood in hot water and bending it into a circle; then the drum skin was tightly strapped over the circle with rawhide laces. While some Plains Indian drums had a single drum skin, as a tambourine has, there were others, such as the drums of the Ute that had skins lashed onto both sides.
20、 The whistle and flute were the only Plains Indian wind instruments. Whistles were made from the wing bone of an eagle. the bird that symbolized courage. The recorder-like flutes, with finger holes along the top, were carved from a length of soft, straight - grained wood, like willow or box elder. t
21、hat was split in half and hollowed out; the halves were rejoined with glue made from boiled hide scrapings and bound together with rawhide lace to make them airt4ght. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? (A) American flutes and drums (B) Plains Indian muisical instruments (C) The Utes and their
22、 music (D) Ceremonies on the western plains 2. The passage mentions that dancers did all of the following EXCEPT (A) play the tambourine (B) pound their feet (C) shake rattles (D) beat on drums 3 In Line 7, to what does the word it refer? (A) Hot water (B) A circle (C) A strip of wood (D) A drum ski
23、n 4. According to the passage, how did the drums of the Ute differ from many other drums? (A) They were two-sided. (B) They were filled with stones or seeds. (C) They were hand- held. (D) They were wind instruments. 5. According to the passage, whistles were made from (A) gourds (B) turtle shells (C
24、) feathers (D) eagle bones 6. According to the passage, boiled hide scrapings were used to make (A) finger holes (B) boxes (C) rawhide lace (D) glue Passage 4 Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and gla
25、ss, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure. The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in
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- 托福 高分 必备 阅读 经典 文章 21
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