新托福阅读社会科学类文章大汇总.pdf
《新托福阅读社会科学类文章大汇总.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新托福阅读社会科学类文章大汇总.pdf(38页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、 SOCIAL SCIENCE The First Peoples in America The Development of European Language Transportation in the United States The Role of Television in Politics The Eating and Dietary Habits of Hominids Skills of Children Education in the United States Domestic Migration In United States A Reasault of a Res
2、earch about Leaders The effect of the Baby Boom Archaeology Urban and Rural Population in the United States Railroad The Meteoric Rise of Los Angeles The First Peoples in America Keywords: United States, culture, Mississippian, agriculture, civilization The first peoples to inhabit what today is the
3、 southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, charac
4、terized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread so
5、uthward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountai
6、ns. About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortl
7、y before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale.They developed
8、an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun - the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves ch
9、ildren of the Sun and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god. Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacr
10、ed flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds. 22. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The development of agriculture (B) The locations of towns and
11、 villages (C) The early people and cultures of the United States (D) The construction of burial mounds 23. Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States? (A) The development of trade in North America (B) The establishment of permanent settlements (C)
12、Conflicts with other Native American groups over land (D) A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains. 24. What does the term Adena-Hopewell(line 7) designate? (A) The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell culture (B) The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell culture (C) Two forme
13、r leaders who were honored with large burial mounds. (D) Two important trade routes in eastern North America 25. The word bartering in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) producing (B) exchanging (C) transporting (D) loading 26. The word supplanted in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) conquered (
14、B) preceded (C) replaced (D) imitated 27. According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development? (A) About A.D. 400 (B) Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700 (C) About A.D. 1200 (D) In the sixteenth century 28. According to the passage, how did the agriculture o
15、f the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors? (A) The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food. (B) The Mississippians sold their food to other groups. (C) The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates. (D) The Mississippians produced sp
16、ecial foods for their religious leaders. 29. Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves children of the Sun(line 22)? (A) To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs. (B) To argue about the importance of religion in their culture. (C) To illustrate the
17、 great importance they placed on agriculture. (D) To provide an example of their religious rituals. 30. The phrase charged with in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) passed on (B) experienced at (C) interested in (D) assigned to 31. According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian
18、 towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPT (A) religious ceremonies (B) meeting places for the entire community (C) sites for commerce (D) burial sites The Development of European Language Keywords: language, inscription, mystery, scholar, eighteen century The languages spoken by earl
19、y Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is no linguistic continuity between the languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used for Europe between 7000 and 3000 B.C.) and the languages of the modern world, and we cannot yet translate the Old European script. Scholars have deciphered other an
20、cient languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions,. When cuneiform tablets were first discovered in the eighteenth century, scholars could not decipher them. Then inscriptions found in baal at t
21、he end of the eighteenth century provided a link: these inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages, Old Persian and New Elamite-languages that had already been deciphered. It took several decades, but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the
22、more familiar Old Persian language. Similarly, the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians remained a mystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone in the late eighteenth century. The stone carried the same message written in ancient Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Egyptian hieratic,
23、 a simplified form of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars efforts for several decades until the early nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the Greek inscriptions. Unfortunately, we have no Old European Rosetta stone to chart correspondences between
24、 Old European script and the languages that replaced it. Tim incursions of Indo-European tribes into Old Europe from the late fifth to the early third millennia B.C. caused a linguistic and cultural discontinuity. These incursions disrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had exist
25、ed for 3,000 years. As the Indo-Europeans encroached on Old Europe from the east, the continent underwent upheavals. These severely affected the Balkans, where the Old European cultures abundantly employed script. The Old European way of life deteriorated rapidly, although pockets of Old European cu
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 托福 阅读 社会科学 文章 汇总
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【swt****116】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【swt****116】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。