高考英语二轮专题复习课件-名词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考二轮专题复习,语法讲解,二、名 词,名词（,n.,）表示人、事务、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。,五、名词在句子中的作用,（,Function,),功 能,例 子,Bush,was elected president.,These are not,goats,but,sheep,.,She was reading a,book,.,Mr.Smith,the manager,will host the meeting.,You are supposed to gather at the,school,gate.,Marx made London,the base,of revolution.,The couple walked,shoulder to shoulder,.,Be quiet,children,.,The moment,they saw the tower,they cheered.,主语,表语,宾语,同位语,定语,补语,状语,呼语,连词,一、分类,(Classification),A:,专有名词,(Proper nouns),B:,普通名词,(Common nouns),Countable nouns,(,可数名词,),Uncountable nouns,(,不可数名词,),Individual Nouns,（个体名词）,Collective Nouns,（集体名词）,Abstract Nouns,（抽象名词）,Material Nouns,（物质名词）,二、数,(Number),A:Singular number,(,单数,),B:Plural number,(,复数,),（,1,）一般的词，包括,元音字母加,y,结尾的词，直接,在词尾加,s,例如,book-books,（,2,）以,-,s,-,x,-,ch,-,sh,结尾的词在词尾加,es,，例如,bus-buses,（,3,）以,辅音字母加,y,结尾的词，变,y,为,i,再加,es,，例如,family-families,1.,规则名词单复数变化,:,（,4,）,以,o,结尾的词,：,一般加,es,:,tomato,potato,hero,另,：,zero,（,zero,s,或,zero,es,）,特殊的加,s,:,photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco,（,5,）,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词,:,变,f,为,v,再加,es,：,life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief,直接加,s,：,roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,另外,：,handkerchief,（,handkerchief,s,或,handkerchie,ves,）,beef,（,bee,ves,菜牛,、,beef,s,怨言,；,牢骚,）,1,：,-How many,does a cow have?,-Four.,A,stomaches,B,stomach,C,stomachsD,stomachies,2,：,The _ of the building are covered with lots of _.,A,roofs;leavesB,rooves,;leafs,C,roof;leafD,roofs;leafs,When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing.,A,sheeps B,sheepes C,sheep D,sheepies,2.,不规则名词单复数变化,:,（,1,）,单复数同形,:,sheep,deer,fish,means,species,species,works(,工厂,),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,（,2,）,改变字母,：,man-m,e,n,woman-wom,e,n,policeman-policem,e,n,saleswoman-saleswom,e,n,foot-f,ee,t,tooth-t,ee,th,goose-g,ee,se,Mouse-M,ic,e,另,：,penny,（,pen,ce,或,penn,ies,）,（,3,）,增加字母,:,child-child,ren,ox-ox,en,3.,名词单复数的特殊情况,:,(1),集体名词只用作复数,：,police,cattle,people,poultry,the youth,(2),集体名词用作不可数名词,:,clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),wealth,(3),集体名词视具体情况而定单复数,（,做主语表整体时，谓语动词是单数；表成员时，谓语动词是复数,）,family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,audience,enemy,(4),只有复数形式的名词,:,clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,scissors,handcuffs,goods,wishes,tears,troops,(5),以,s,结尾但不表示复数,:,mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods,(,森林,),works,(,工厂,),(6),有没有,s,结尾意义不同,：,glass glasses,cloth clothes,work works,goodgoods,time times,(,时代,),paper papers,(,论文,),green greens,(,青菜,),custom customs,(,海关,),spirit spirits,(,酒精,情绪,),light lights,(,灯,),arm,arms,(,武器,),iron irons,(,镣铐,熨斗,),compass,(,指南针,),compasses,(,圆规,),(7),姓氏后加,s,并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩,:,the Greens,；,the,Chengs,(8),合成名词的复数形式,：,将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数,：,looker(s,)-on,passer(s,)-by,mother(s,)-in-law,含,man,或,woman,的合成名词：,它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：,a man doctor,two men doctors,4,：,Some _ visited our school last Wednesday.,A,GermanB,Germen,C,GermansD,Germens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：,1,、单复数同形：,Chinese;Japanese;Swiss,2,、需要变形：,English-Englishman,3,、加,s,或,-,es,：,German Germans,5,：,_ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(1993,上海,),A.The EvensB.The Evens,C.The,Evenses,D.The,Evenses,专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：,-Who did you spend last weekend with?,-_.(98,上海,),A PalmersB The Palmers,C The PalmersD The Palmers,6,：,Mr,Smith has two _,both of whom are teachers in a school.,A,brothers-in-lawB,brother-in-laws,C,brothers-in-lawsD,brothers-in law,三、名词的所有格,1,所有格的句法作用名词所有格一般表示所有关系，,但有时也可以表示主谓,、,动宾,、,同位或修饰等关系,，,如,the city of Beijing,表示的就是同位关系,。,2,所有格的基本形式,(1),所有格的基本形式有两种,，,一是由,“,名词,s,”,构成,，,二是由,“,of,名词,”,构成,。,前者多用来表示有生命的东西,，,后者多用来表示无生命的东西,。,三、名词的格,(Case),A:,通格,(Common case):,主格,(Subject case),宾格,(Object case),B:,所有格,(Possessive case),1.,s,属格：,原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如,：,the teachers book;the horses tail,然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、,海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也,可以用,s,属格。如：,todays newspaper;,the citys transportation,一般的名词，包括不以,s,结尾的复数名词，,在词后加,s,。如：,the childrens book,以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加,。,如：,the teachers office,以,s,结尾的,专有,名词的所有格，既可加,s,也可加,。如：,Engels,（,s,）,letter,两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在,后者,用,所有格形式，如,:,Tom and Mikes room,若表示,分别拥有,时，则要在每个名词后用,所有格形式，如,:,Toms and Mikes rooms,2.of,属格：,多用于无生命现象的名词，也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用,of,短语来表示所有关系。,如：,the cover,of,the book;,a toy,of,Li Pings younger brother,3,双重属格,：,既有,s,的属格，又有,of,的属格。通常,s,属格表示所有关系，,of,属格表示部分与整体的关系。如,:,a friend,of,my fathers;a book of Toms,4.,表示“某人自己的”的属格,:,用,of ones own,表示，不可用,of,反身代词。,例如：,This is the house,of my own,.,母亲节,昨天的报纸,三个小时的步行,伦敦的工业,孩子们的表演,学生们的校服,我姨妈的可爱的孩子,北京市长,丽丽和露丝各自的宿舍,Mothers day,Yesterdays newspaper,Three days walk,Londons industry,Childrens performance,Students uniform,Lovely child of my aunt,The president of Beijing,Lilys and lucys dormitory,问题,1,：,He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers.(NMET95),A.wealth;work B.,wealths,;works,C.,wealths,;work D.wealth;works,抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中,wealth,为不可数名词，,works,作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。,问题,2,：,Can you give us some _ about the writer?,A,informations,B,information,C,piece of,informations,D,pieces information,大多数不可数名词都不可转化为可数名词，常见的有：,information;news;advice;progress;fun,如：,This is not a match.Were playing chess for _.,A habit B hobby C fun D game(2001,上海春季,),问题,3,：,Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today.(NMET96),A.a knowledge B.,knowledges,C.knowledge D.the knowledge,有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。,a knowledge of,表示“对,有所了解“。又如：,This meeting is a great success.,：,精选练习题,1.The Chinese people _.,A.is a great people B.are a great people,C.are great people D.are great peoples,2.Something was wrong with _car,but luckily they knew how to fix it.,A.Jims and Toms B.Jim and Toms,C.Jims and Tom D.Jim and Tom,3.He is a friend of _.,A.Kates fathers B.Kates father,C.Fathers,of Kate D.Kate fathers,4.,The rich _not always happy.,A.are B is C.have D.has,5.Your,trousers _dirty,you must _washed.,A.is,it B are,it C.is,them D.are,them,6.,He,including his parents,_this novel.,A.like B.likes C.are like D.is like,7.There,are three _in our class.,A.Zhous B.,Zhous,C.,Zhous,D.,Zhouss,8.Mother,made a new skirt with two meters of,_.,A.clothes,B,cloth,C.dress,D.cloths,11.If these trousers are too big,buy a small _,A.one,B.copy C.pair D.set,13,.Lets have a _break.,A.ten minutes B.ten-minutes,C.ten minutes D.ten minutes,14._should be strict with _.,A.Teachers,a student B.The teachers,students,C.Teachers,students D.Teachers,a student,15.They played in the _for an hour,and when they,returned,they found their goods _stolen.,A.sand,were B.sand,was,C.sands,were D.sands,was,图书馆丢失了大量图书,他存了很多钱,公园有很多树木和花草,暑假期间我从当地人那里学了很多,