英语复习阅读理解解题技巧课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Reading comprehension,高考英语阅读理解教程,公开课教案,阅读理解题的题型,1,、事实细节题,2,、主旨大意题,3,、推理判断题,4,、猜测词义题,各题型所占比重及命题趋势,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,命题趋势,事实细节,5,4,5,5,6,题量平稳，需跨段搜取信息,主旨大意,5,9,3,3,2,题量减少，解题时要进行综合 归纳 推断,推理判断,8,2,10,10,9,题量增多，难度加大,猜测词义,2,5,2,2,3,题量持平，趋于稳定,年,题量,题型,Part 1 Main idea&Best Title,如何确定文章大意,问题形式：,1)The main idea/key point/purpose/subject matter of this passage is that _.,2)From the passage we learn/can conclude that _.,3)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.,Tips:,Not too general,not too,specific!,Skills:,Find out topic/key sentences,Where is the topic sentence of a paragraph,Sometimes,the first sentence,of a passage is the topic(key)sentence,Sometimes,the last sentence,is the topic(key)sentence,Sometimes the topic(key)sentence is,in the middle,of a passage,Sometimes you have to,put several key sentences together,to get the main idea,Sometimes you cant find the topic(key)sentence in the passage.You have to,sum it up yourself,.,A process is a natural series of actions and reactions that leads to specific results.All of us participate in a variety of processes every day.We digest our food,heal ourselves by making new skin cells,distribute resources through our bodies by breathing,and use our five senses.Natural processes go on all around us as well.Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis,storms build and move,volcanoes erupt,and fertilized eggs mature-the list seems endless.,Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?,a.We all take part in many processes every day.b.Natural processes that go on around us include photosynthesis.c.A series of actions and reactions that leads to certain results is called a process.d.Natural processes take place within our bodies.,1,主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证细节。在,说明文，科技文献和新闻报道,中多采用这种格式。,主题句,论证,1,论证,2,论证,3,In the United States,old people who no longer have an income or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities are often forced to give up living alone.They must leave their homes and depend on someone else to give them a place to live and to take care of their physical needs:they must either live with relatives or live in homes for the aged.This loss of independence is a major problem for the aged.,Which of the following best expresses the main idea?,A.Old people in the United States who are poor or sick,cannot live alone.,B.Being unable to live alone is a serious problem for old people in the United States.,C.Old people who are poor or sick should live with their,relatives,not in homes for the aged.,D.In the United States,old people who are poor are sick are,forced to live in homes for the aged.,2,主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。,列举事实,层层推理,结论,“,How will it play in Peoria?”This question was asked in the United States in the 1920s when singers,dances,and other entertainers performed in traveling musical show.Performers thought that if the citizens of a typical U.S.town such as Peoria,Illinois,liked their show it would probably be popular across the country.If,Peorians,disliked it,the entertainers believed the show would fail.This“Peoria test”is still applied to the people of the state of Illinois.Illinoisans likes and dislikes seem to mirror those of people across the land.Perhaps this is true because of Illinois central location;it is a crossroads between east and west,north and south.Or perhaps it is because Illinoisans come from such different backgrounds and follow such a wide variety of lifestyles.,Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?,a.Illinois is located in the central part of the United States.b.Illinoisans come from different backgrounds.c.The“Peoria test”is the name of a famous show.d.Illinoisans opinions seem to mirror the beliefs of people throughout the United States.,3,当主题句被安排在段中间时,作者往往从具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题,然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力,。,具体事例,归纳主题,深入讨论,All communication is a two-way process involving a speaker or writer and listeners or readers(the audience).In written communication,because the audience is not present,the audience is easy to ignore.However,the kind of audience you write for determines what you write and how you write.In describing the World Series baseball championship to a British reader,you would have to include definitions,explanations,and facts that a reader in the United States would not need.Similarly,if you write about cricket(a British sport)for an audience in the United States,you would need to include a lot of basic information.,Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?,a.Communication is a process that involves speakers and writers.b.British readers would need special information to understand an article on the World Series.c.Listeners and readers are called the audience.d.It is important to consider your audience when you write.,主旨题的解题技巧,*着重理解首末段,首末句,*主旨在文章中间的情况,(,非文首文尾,),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕,主旨题的注意事项,:,*,段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句,*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨,*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨,*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示,:therefore,thus,but,however,in short,等等,正确选项特点,:,不出现细节信息,;,不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词,干扰项特点,:,细节信息明显,;,过于笼统,The common cold is the worlds most widespread illness,Which is a plague(,疫病,)that flesh receives.,The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.They are not.They are caused by viruses(,病毒,)passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds,it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.,The passage mainly discusses_,A.the experiments on the common cold,B.the mistaken idea about common cold,C.the reason and way people catch cold,D.the continued spread of common cold,Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases,while others have a susceptibility to them.A,blight,（萎菌病）,may be but a local infection easily controlled;on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that,it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments,.,what is the main idea of this paragraph?,A.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases,B.some other plants have a susceptibility to a great many diseases,C.the tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change,D.a blight can be a national infection.,2,如何寻找最佳标题,常见设问方式：,Whats the best title/headline for the passage?,Title,标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式,主题句的功能：介绍主题,(topic),和阐述控制概念,(controlling idea),有明确主题句的段落标题拟定的方式是：,核心词不动，其他词意义浓缩,例：,Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.,主题：,smoking cigarettes,控制概念：,can be an expensive habit,标题：,The Expensive Habit of Smoking Cigarettes,标题的特点：,强调主题，清楚简明，有意义，能吸引读者注意力，有新鲜感,The Man of Many Secrets-Harry Houdini-was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theatres in the last century.He was a man famous for his escapes-from prison cells,from wooden boxes floating in rivers,from locked tanks full of water.He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America.Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his“magic”tricks.,Which of the following is the best title for the passage?,A.A skeleton Key,B.A Man of Many Secrets,C.World-wide Fame,D.Great Escapes,There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices.It is called the law of supply and demand.Supply means the amount of,or access to,certain goods.Demand represents the number of people who want those goods.If there are more goods than wanted,the price of them falls.On the other hand,if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply,then price rises.Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.,The best title is_ A)Economic Principles B)Law of Supply and Demand C)More Goods,Lower Prices D)Fewer Goods,Higher Prices,Look at exercise C,D,H,Practice makes perfect!,