中国文化概况-Chapter-3解读.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Chapter 3,Literature,A Glimpse of Chinese Culture,Lead in(1),Can you explain the following terms in English?,1.The,Book of Songs,2.,Records of the Grand Historian,3.Early Tang,High Tang,Mid Tang,Late Tong,4.Romance of the Three Kingdom;Water Margin;Journey to the West;Dream of the Red Mansions,Lead in(2),Can you translate the following lines into English?,1.,海内存知己，天涯若比邻,Friendships across the world make near neighbors of far horizons.,2.,横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。,Fierce-browed,I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers.Head-bowed,like a willing ox I serve the children.,课文讲解,1.A Brief Introduction,2.Classical Literature,3.Great Writers of the 20th Century,Brief introduction,Four main periods of Chinese literature development:,Classical:prelate Qing,Modern:1840May 4,th,1919,Revolutionary:19191949,Contemporary:1949present,Classical Literature(47minutes),Definition,It refers to literary works from the days before the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.,Characteristic,It is virtually an unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes.,Works,The Book of Songs(,诗经,)and Poetry of the South(,楚辞,)are regarded as the two peaks of Chinas earliest literary.,The Book of Songs,诗经,(3 minutes),What is it,?,Three sections:,Feng,(folk ballads),Ya,(dynastic hymns),Song,(sacrificial songs),A collection of Chinas 305 oldest poems from the Early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period;regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China.,Poetry of the South,楚辞,(2 minutes),Poetry of the South,is derived from the songs of the southern state of Chu during the Warring States Period.,It pioneered romanticism in Chinese poetry.,The verse of Poetry of the South are,freeer,than those of The Book of Songs.It is not fixed to four characters per line,and the character of“xi”(,兮,)is often put in the middle or the end of some lines.,Qu,Yuan and His Masterpieces,Qu,Yuan,the earliest known famous Chinese poet,Masterpieces:,Sorrow after Departure,离骚,Ask Heaven,天问,Nine Elegies,九章,Nine Songs,九歌,Appreciating famous lines,路漫漫其修远兮，,吾将上下而求索。,The journey is long,Ill search up and down.,The Prose of the Pre-Qin Period(,先秦子学,),（,5 minutes),The prose in the pre-Qin period includes historical prose(,历史散文,)and philosophical prose(,诸子散文,).,Historical prose,The Book of History,尚书,Spring and Autumn Annals,春秋,Zuos,Commentary,左传,Intrigues of the Warring States,战国策,Discourses of the States,国语,Philosophical prose,Lao,Zi,(,Dao De Jing,),Mo,Zi,Mencius,Zhuang,Zi,The,Analects of Confucius,Han Dynasty Literature（minutes）,hanfu,(,汉赋,),also called rhyme prose.It is a popular literary genre originating in the Han Dynasty.It emphasizes elaboration and description,and is the combination of poem and prose.It includes long essays(,大赋,)and short essays(,小赋,).,Representative,Hanfu,On Faults of Qin,过秦论,Records of the Grand Historian,史记,yuefu,folk songs,(,汉乐府民歌,),It features five-character lines and reflects the reality and life of lower-class working people.,Outstanding,Yuefu,Folk songs,Southeast the Peacock Flies,孔雀东南飞,The Ballads of,Mulan,木兰诗,The Ballads of,Mulan,and,Southeast the Peacock Flies,Disney Pictures,Mulan,Southeast the Peacock Flies,Appreciating famous lines,唧唧复唧唧；木兰当户织。不闻机杼声；唯闻女叹息。,木兰诗,Alack,alas!alack,alas!She weaves and sees the shuttle pass.You cannot hear the shuttle,why?Its whir is drowned in her deep sigh,.,天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。,(,敕勒歌,),Vast is the sky,boundless the wilds,grazing cattle are revealed as the grass bend dawn in the wind.,The Chile Ballad,The Literature in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties(3 minutes),A new genre,The stories recording spirits and anecdotes(,志人志怪小说,),Outstanding works of this period,The Peach Blossom Spring,桃花源记,The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons,文心雕龙,The Tang Poems（10 minutes）,The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems,全唐诗,The biggest-ever collection of Chinese poetry.,The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be classified into four stages:Early Tang,High Tang,Mid Tang and late Tang,The Four Literary Eminences(,初唐四杰,),Wang Bo,Yang,Jiong,Luo,Binwang,and Lu,Zhaolin,Their poems,in a refined language,boast beautiful tonal patterns and rhyme schemes.,Frontier Poems and Pastoral Poems,The Grand Period of Tang the poetry was catalogued into the frontier poetry school,headed by,by,Gao,Shi and,Cen,Shen,and the pastoral poetry school,led by,Wang Wei and,Meng,Haoran,both of whom symbolized the two aspects regarding the doom of the ancient Chinese literati,（,文人,）,serving as officials or dwelling in seclusion.,Out of a Frontier Fortress,出塞,The same moon and the pass as in Han and Qin,秦时明月汉时关，,Yet fighters from afar have not chalked up a win.,万里长征人未还。,Would that the Winged General Li Were now still,但使龙城飞将在，,Living,to drive Hun Horsemen off Mountain Yin!,不教胡马度阴山。,The Birds Chirping in a Dale,鸟鸣涧,I stay quiet watching the laurel blooms adrift;,人闲桂花落，,At the still spring night the mounds echo void.,夜静春山空。,The rising moon induces the birds at the hills,月出惊山鸟，,To twitter loud along the stream in fits.,时鸣春涧中。,Li,Bai,and his poems,Li,Bai,the“Celestial,silestjl,Poet(,诗仙,)”,has long been regarded the greatest romantic poet in Chinese literature.,In his poems,imagination,exaggeration,diction and sonorous rhythms are blended effortlessly.,Thinking in the Silent Night,静夜诗,Hard is the Road to,Shu,蜀道难,Dreaming of Sightseeing in the,Tianmu,Mountains,梦游天姥吟留别,床前明月光，疑是地上霜。,举头望明月，低头思故乡。,李白,静夜诗,Abed,I see a silver light,I wonder if its frost aground.Looking up,I find the moon bright;Bowing,in homesickness Im drowned.,Li,Bais,A,Tranquil Night,Du Fu and his poems,Du Fu,the“Saint Poet(,诗圣,)”,has been considered as the greatest realistic poet in Chinese literature.,He developed a depressing and meticulous,mitikjuls,细致的,literary style.,“,Three officers”(,三吏,),The,Xinan,Officer,新安吏,The,Shihao,Officer,石壕吏,Officer at,Tongguan,Pass,潼关吏,“Three Partings”(,三别,),Parting of the Newly-wed,新婚别,Parting of the Old,垂老别,Parting of the Homeless,无家别,Bai,Juyi,and his poems,The outstanding poet,Bai,Juyi,succeeded,Du Fu,with poems reflecting the reality of society.,Satirical and allegorical style,The Old Charcoal Seller,卖炭翁,Song of Eternal Sorrow,长恨歌,Song of A,Pipa,Player,琵琶行,后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。,Though many beauties were in the palace,More than three thousand of them,All his favors were centered on her.,Song of Eternal Sorrow,长恨歌,Ci,in the Song Dynasty,（,2minutes,）,Ci,:,Instead of regulated poetry,ci,could express more refined and delicate feelings with irregular meter.,What is,Cipai,?,Name of the tune to which a,ci,poem is composed.,Famous poets,Su shi,Lu You,Xin,Qiji,and Li,Qingzhao,Li,qingzhao,and,Slow Slow Song,声声慢,寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。,Ive a sense of something missing I must seek.Everything about me looks dismal and bleak.Nothing that gives me pleasure,I can find.Even the weather has proved most unkind.,Yuanqu,in the Yuan Dynasty,Yuanqu,includes,sanqu,(,散曲,:non-,dreamatic,songs),and,zaju,(,杂剧,:,poetic drama).,Ma,Zhiyuan,and,Autumn Thought,秋思,Guan,Hanqing,and,The Injustice to Dou E,窦娥冤,Ma,Zhiyuan,and,Autumn Thought,秋思,Over old trees,Wreathed with rotten vines fly evening crows;,Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;,On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.,Westward declines the sun;,Far,far from home is the heartbroken one.,天净沙 秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。,Fiction in the Ming and Qing Dynasty（14 minutes）,Four famous Chinese classics of literature,Romance of the Three Kingdoms,三国演义,Water Margin,水浒传,Journey to the West,西游记,Dream of the Red Mansions,红楼梦,Townsfolk literature,Three Volumes of Words,and,Two Volumes of Slapping,三言二拍,Satirical novel,The Scholars,儒林外史,Strange Tales from a Scholars Studio,聊斋志异,Romance of the Three Kingdoms,The earliest long Chinese novel.,Based on history books and folk legends,the plot centers on the rise and fall of the three kingdoms of Wei,Shu,and Wu,and on the complex political,military,and diplomatic struggles during that period.,Water Margin,It was the first novel to deal with the subject of peasant revolts in China.,It is about the story of the rebellion of the 108 heroes at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.,Journey to the West,An outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales.And also a masterpiece about deities(,神仙,)and spirits.,It tells of the Tang Dynasty monk,Xuan,Zang,overcoming 81 adversities and defeating various monsters and demons before finally reaching India,assisted by his three disciples:,Sun Wu Kong,Zhu,Ba,Jie,and,Sha,Seng,.,Dream of the Red Mansion,s,The greatest novel in Chinese literature.,The central thread of the novel is the tragic love story between,Jia,Baoyu,and Lin,Daiyu,.Instead of just telling the love story,it taps the social origins of the tragedy through probing deeply into the characters minds and complicated relationships.,Great Writers of the 20th Century,Two peaks of,Chinese modern literature,The May 4th Movement in 1919and the opening-up policy in 1978 have produced two peaks of literary prosperity.,Eight great writers of the 20th century,Lu,Xun,Guo,Moruo,Mao Dun,Ba,Jin,Laoshe,Cao Yu,Shen,Congwen,and Ai Qing,Lu,Xun,(1881-1936),A great thinker,a revolutionary figure in literature with pioneering thoughts and also one of the founders of modern literature in China.,A Madmans Diary,狂人日记,Call to Arms,呐喊,The True Story of Ah Q,阿,Q,正传,Wandering,彷徨,Old Tales Retold,故事新编,Mao Dun,(1896-1981),A critic,novelist and short-story writer noted for his commitment to the doctrine,（主义）,of realism.Once one of the chief editors of Chinas foremost literary journal,Short Story Monthly,小说月报,Midnight,子夜,Spring Silkworms,春蚕,The Shop of Lin Family,林家铺子,Ba,Jin(1904-2005),A prolific(,多产的,)writer,praised by Lu,Xun,as“a writer with passion and progressive thinking”.,Trilogy of the Turbulent Currents,激流三部曲,Family,，,Spring,and,Autumn,.,Online Literature,