高考专题复习代词市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,2018-03-17,#,志存高远,2018,高考英语二轮专题课件 敢为人先,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2018-03-17,#,专题,模块,代 词,语法基础,第1页,分考点,1,人称代词,分考点,2,物主代词,分,考点,3,反身代词,分,考点,4,指示代词,分,考点,5,疑问代词,考点,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词及疑问代词使用方法,第2页,人称代词的形式和用法,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,单数,复数,单数,复数,主格,I,we,you,you,he,she,it,they,宾格,me,us,you,you,him,her,it,them,主格多作句子主语，有时用作表语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。在口语中，惯用人称代词宾格作表语。,To really understand a man,we,must judge,him,in misfortune.Napoleon,只有在不幸时才能真正了解,一个人。,拿破仑,第3页,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,单数,复数,单数,复数,形容词性物主代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,名词性物主代词,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,形容词性物主代词置于名词之前，起修饰作用，表示“,”，在句中作定语。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词,+,名词”，在句中作主语、表语或宾语。,The main difference between,our,brains and those of monkeys is that,ours,are bigger.,物主代词形式和使用方法,“,of,名词性物主代词”组成“双重全部格”。,Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.,That car of hers is always breaking down.,第4页,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,单数,复数,单数,复数,反身代词,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,oneself,也是反身代词。反身代词多在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。,反身代词形式和使用方法,Self-image is your own minds picture of,yourself,.,自,我形象是你内心对自己印象,。,She is not quite,herself,today.,她今天身体不太舒适。,She,herself,heard him say so yesterday.,她昨天亲耳听他这么说。,第5页,by oneself,for oneself,of oneself,in oneself,独自地,亲自,自动地,本质上；本身,含有反身代词习惯用语,（,1,）与介词连用,（,2,）与动词连用,come to oneself,dress oneself,devote oneself to,behave yourself,apply oneself to,help oneself to,enjoy oneself,清醒；恢复知觉,打扮；自己穿衣,致力于；献身于,举止规矩有礼；检点,专心致志于,随便吃,/,用,玩得开心,seat oneself,make yourself at home,adapt/adjust oneself to,teach oneself,speak to oneself,think for oneself,就座，入席,别客气,适应于,自学,自言自语,独立思索,第6页,惯用指示代词有,this,that,these,those,。为方便学习,so,such,也可归到这一类。,指示代词,this,that,these,those,使用方法,（,1,）,this,意为“这；这个”，复数为,these,，指刚提到人、事物、想法或刚发生事情。,that,意为“那；那个”，复数为,those,，指已经提到或已经知道人、事物、想法等。,The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed,this,.,“,Weve been cheated,”she said.,Those,were her exact words.,(2)this/these,普通指时间或空间上较近人或物；,that/those,常指,时间或空间上较远人或物。,I think youll find,these,more comfortable than,those,.(these,近指，,those,远指,),第7页,【,尤其注意,】,1,）,this,可用于指将要说或将要发生事情，起启下作用；,that,则指前面说过或发生事情，起承上作用。,I want to tell you,this,:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.,He hurt his leg yesterday.,That,s why he didnt come.,That,上指、远指；,this,近指，下指,第8页,【,尤其注意,】,（,2,）,that,those,能够作替换词，代替前面提到过名词，以防止重复。,that,或,those,指代前面名词时，后面总是跟限定性定语。,As a retired ear doctor,I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as,those,with hearing loss.,作为一名退休耳科医生，我大力推荐人们使用,TV Ears,，不论是听力正常还是有听觉损耗。,第9页,Such,与,so,使用方法,such,意为“上述一类；诸如这类；这种；这类”，指代前面所叙述人或事物，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,such,作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于其后面名词或代词数。,We may have various ways to deal with,such,a situation.,Such,are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.,so,意为“如此，这么”，代替一个句子或短语所表示内容，用于防止重复。,Have you handed in your homework?I did,so,yesterday.,在,believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess,等词后用,so,代替前文提出观点，既可用于必定句中，也可用于否定句中。,Is James coming tonight?,I dont think,so,.,第10页,疑问代词的形式和功能,功效,形式,主语,宾语,表语,定语,跟,of,短语,指人,主格,who,宾格,whom,全部格,whose,指物,which,（也可指人,),what,1.what,与,who,问询职业与身份用,what,；问询姓名与关系用,who,，,What is he,？,He,is a lawyer/teacher.,Who is the man?He,s my elder brother./He,s Jack,【,注意,】,What/who,作主语时，谓语动词数取决于说话人视点，可单数也可复数。,What is/are on the table?Who is/are in the library?,第11页,2.which,与,who,对特定范围内人提问用,which,常带有,of,短语或范围；对不定范围内人提问用,who.,Which of you will attend the conference tomorrow?,Who went there yesterday?,3.what,与,which,对特定范围内事物提问用,which,常带有,of,短语或范围；对不定范围内事物提问用,what.,What are you looking for?,Which do you like better,oranges or apples?,4.whatever,whichever;whoever,分别为,what;which;who,强调形式。,Whatever,do you want?,你到底想要什么？,Whoever,gave you the book?,终究谁给了你这本书？,也能够用,what/how/why/where etc the hell/on earth/in the world,进行替换。如：,What,on earth,are you doing here?,What,in the world,are you doing here at seven in the morning?,How,the hell,are we going to do that?,第12页,高考热点疑问词,what,使用方法归纳,What is+,the height/weight/depth/length/width/size?,高度,/,重量,/,深度,/,长度,/,宽度,/,尺寸是多少？,the population?,人口是多少？,the distance?,距离是多远？,the price?,价格是多少？,your address?,你住在哪儿？,your attitude?,你的态度是怎样的？,第13页,（,2,）,what,的其他常见句型：,What about?,怎么样？,（用于提出建议或询问对方的情况）,What()for,?,为什么,（,）？（,用于询问原因或目的）,What if?,如果,怎么办？（,用于引出条件）,So what?,那又怎样？,（表示某人对某事无所谓或认为某事不重要,）,What if,a student is found to have told his combination to others?,第14页,代词,it,使用方法,1.,指代提到过或正在谈论动物或事物，及已知或正在发生事实或情况等。,The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase,it,.,2.,指时间、距离、日期、天气、温度等，用作主语。,It is six miles from here to the nearest hospital.,It is early spring,but it is already very hot.,第15页,3.,当说话者弄不清对方是谁或不清楚说话对象的性别时，也常用,it,指代。,Someone is knocking at the door.,Who can it be?,4.,作形式主语或形式宾语。,（,1,）代替不定式、,v,.-ing,形式、名词性从句,The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell,one from the other.,It felt very funny watching myself on TV.,第16页,It is a pity/shame that,真可惜,It is no wonder that,难怪,It seems/appears that,似乎,/,看来,It looks/seems as if/as though,看起来好像,It happens that,碰巧,It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that,某人突然想起,It is said/reported that,据说,/,据报道,It is certain that,是一定的。,It is no use/good doing,做,没有用,/,好处。,It takes sb.some time to do,做,花费某人多长时间。,It,固定句子归纳,(2),惯用,it,作形式主语句式,It is certain that,every effect must have a cause.,It took years of work to reduce,the industrial pollution and clean the water.,第17页,5.,表示“喜欢”、“恨”等情感倾向的动词后面接,it,，构成固定结构“动词,+it+that/if/when”,，这类动词有,enjoy,，,prefer,，,love,，,like,，,hate,，,dislike,，,appreciate,等。,Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.,I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.,6.,用于强调句型：,It is/was+,被强调部分,+that,。被强调部分指人时，也能够用,who,代替,that,。,It is,only by repeatedly rewriting,that,we produce new threads and,connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.,第18页,熟记下列含,it,的常用短语或句型：,第19页,1.take it for granted that,认为,是理所当然；,想当然地认为,He took it for granted that I will help him all the time.,Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.,2.see to it that,确保；确保,Illseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.,3.rely/depend/count on it that,放心；相信,You can depend on it that I will always be here for you.,4.make it a rule to do sth.,使,成为一个习惯,Makeitaruleto tell yourself:I can doit.,5.make it clear that,表明；把,说清楚,He made it clear that he didnt like this job.,6.take it that,认为,Itakeitthattheywillsucceedsoonerorlater.,7.owe it to sb.that,把,归功于,IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.,8.Rumor has it that,有传言说,;,听说,RumorhasitthatMaryisgettingmarried.,第20页,9.bringittoonesattention that,让某人注意到,Why dont you bring it to his attention that you are too ill to work on?,10.appreciate/enjoy/like/dislike/love/hate it when/if,Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddousthat favour.,I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.,11.help it,有方法；能防止,I cant help it,；,If I can help it.,They never go there if they can help it.,假如能不去那儿话，他们是绝对不去。,12.as sb.puts it,正如某人所说,to put it another way,换句话说,to put it simply,简而言之,make it,成功；做得到,get it,了解；明白,13.How did it come about that,怎么回事,?,How did it come about that Amy knew Tom was lying,？,14.When it comes to.,当谈到,Its no use/good doing,做某事没有用处,/,好处,Its no wonder that.,难怪,It turned out that,结果；结果证实,It seems that,似乎；好像,It happened that.,恰巧,15.Its(high)time that sb.should do/did sth.,是某人该做某事时候了。,16.Its the first/second/,time that sb.have/has done sth.,It is/has been since,It will be/was before,第21页,难点辨析,1.both,all,either,neither,与,none,区分,代 词,用 法,both,(1)表示“二者（都）”。,(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,(3)与not连用表示部分否定。(表示全部否定需用neither),all,(1)指三者或三者以上人或物“全部”。,(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通惯用复数；指事物整体或抽象概念时，,谓语动词通惯用单数。,(3)与not连用表示部分否定。（表示完全否定需用none）,Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do,both,.,第22页,代 词,用 法,either,(1)表示“(二者中)任何一个”。(表示三者或三者以上人或物中,“任何一个”需用any),(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,neither,(1)表示“（二者中）无一个”。,(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。,none,(1),表示“,(,三者及三者以上中,),无一个”或“没有一点儿”。,(2),后接,of,短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。,(3),既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。,Either,of them isnt satisfactory.,两个中任何一个都不令人满意。,Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but,neither,of them wants to,because they have work to do.,Of the forces shaping higher education,none,is more sweeping than the movement across borders.,第23页,2.each,与,every,的区别,代 词,用 法,each,(1)强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指二者或二者以上中每一个。,(2)能够与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语,动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词数和主语 保持一致。,every,(1)强调(整体中)每一个，只能作定语，表示三者或三者以上中,“每一个”。,(2)与not连用组成部分否定。,(3)可用来表示“每隔”。,(4)不可与of短语连用。,When he took his gloves off,I noticed that,each,one had his name written inside.,Every,boy in the class has read the book.,第24页,3.the other,another,others,与,the others,的区别,代 词,用 法,例 句,the other,可单独使用，特指两个人或物中“另一个”。,He raised one arm and then the other.,another,泛指三者或三者以上人或物中“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”，表示“另外(多少)”。,Buy two CDs and get another completely free.,others/,the,others,others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其它人或事物”，常与some连用。特指“其它全部人或事物”时用the others。,The advantage is that if there is a new illness,some,of these animals may die,，,but,others,will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.,第25页,4.none,nothing,与,no one/nobody,的区别,代 词,用 法,none,(1)特指语境中提到人或物。,(2)后可接of短语，可回答以how many/how much引导特殊疑,问句。,nothing,(1)指物，表泛指。,(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导特殊疑问句。,no one/,nobody,(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。,(2)不可接of短语，可回答以who引导特殊疑问句。,I got this bicycle for,nothing,;my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.,Even if the answer seemed a little strange,nobody,but I doubted it.,第26页,某,任何,每个；全部,没有,人,someone/,somebody,anyone/anybody,everyone/,everybody,no one/nobody,物,something,anything,everything,nothing,There is,something,in his words.We should have a try.,复合不定代词的用法,【,知识拓展,】,不定代词组成习惯搭配：,nothing but,仅仅；只是,anything but,绝不,something of,有几分；略微,something else,别东西；另外一件事,for nothing,无偿,or something,诸如这类人或物,第27页,表数量的不定代词的用法,代 词,用 法,表示意义,含 义,few,修饰或代替可数名词,否定含义,几乎没有,a few,修饰或代替可数名词,必定含义,几个；一些,little,修饰或代替不可数名词,否定含义,几乎没有,a little,修饰或代替不可数名词,必定含义,少许；一点点,many,修饰或代替可数名词,必定含义,许多,much,修饰或代替不可数名词,必定含义,许多,第28页,高考链接,its,On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it)mother.,A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _(it)choking smog.,第29页,高考链接,对,it,的考查主要有以下两个方面：,（,1,）考查,it,作替代词,指代已提及的事物、想法或已发生的事情等,考生应掌握,it,作替代词与其他替代词,one,that,those,等的用法区别。,（,2,）考查,it,作形式主语或形式宾语,动词不定式、,v,.-ing,形式、名词性从句等后置，作真正的主语或宾语,强调句型,Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.,第30页,代 词,用 法,例 句,it,替换前面提到过同一个人或物。,This is our new car.We bought,it,yesterday.,one/,ones,one用来替换前面出现单数可数名词，是泛指概念，相当于“a/an单数可数名词”。其复数形式为ones。,Its standard practice for a company like,this one,to employ a security officer.,Hard beds are healthier than,soft ones.,易混,1,it,one,ones,that,those,作替换词区分,that/,those,that用来替换前面出现同类名词，是同类替换，但并非同一个，能够是可数名词，也能够是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词，相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones。,另外，在口语中，也可用 those 来替换表特指复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of引导介词短语或who引导定语从句修饰时。,To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and then,that,of her colleagues.,At our factory there are a few machines similar to,those,described in this magazine.,第31页,泛指、同类、异物、单数用one替换,泛指、同类、异物、复数用ones替换,特指、同类、异物、,单数用,that,=the one,特指、同类、异物、复数,用,those=the,ones,特指、同类、异物、不可数,用that替换,指代同一、同一些,事物,用,it,和,they,Your story is interesting,but I don,t like,.,This story is an interesting,.,I haven,t a computer.I want to buy,next year.,The dictionary on the desk is much better than,on the shelf.,The population in china is much larger than,in Japan.,The conditions are like,in the real spaceship.,it,one,one,that/the one,that,those,第32页,(,1)all,，,both,，,everyone/everybody/everything,以及“,every,名词”都表示,全部肯定；当,not,出现在含有表示全部肯定意义的不定代词的句子中，,不管,not,在它们之前还是在它们之后，都表示部分否定。此外，,not,与总,括性副词，如,everywhere,，,always,，,wholly,，,altogether,等连用时也表,示部分否定。,Both,of them have,nt,read this story.,并非他们俩都读过这个故事,。,Not all,of them smoke.=,All,of them do,nt,smoke.,他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。,Such a thing ca,nt,be found,everywhere,.,这种事并不是每个地方都能见到。,易,混,2,代词部分否定和全部否定,第33页,（,2,）,no one,，,none,，,nobody,，,nothing,，,not any/either,，以及,“,no,名词”都表示全部否定。,Nothing,can stop him going there.,没有什么事能阻止他去那里。,第34页,第35页,