从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,从高考题看情态动词对过去推测虚拟表示法,易百英语教研室制作,公培强,第1页,情态动词对过去推测虚拟表示即“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构是情态动词这一语法当中一个难点，也是历届高考试题考查一个重点,，所以，大家必须了解并牢靠掌握这一结构特点和使用方法。下面我结合近年来相关高考试题，就“情态动词+have+过去分词”这一结构基本使用方法作以下归纳和分析。,第2页,1.“must+have+ved”用于必定句当中，表示对过去所发生动作或存在状态很必定一个推测，意为“一定”、“想必”。,第3页,例1.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.(NMET 北京),A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant,简析:,答案为B。本题考查“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去必定推测使用方法。句意为：他一定是完成了工作，不然，他不会在海边玩这么开心。而“should+have+ed”则表示应该做某事却没做；“cant+have+ed”是“must+have+ed”否定式；wouldnt表示“不会”均不符合题意。故B正确。,第4页,例2.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?,Something _to him.（江西）,A.must happen B.should have happened,C.could have happened D.must have happened,简析:,答案为D。由上句句意可知，汤姆从来上班不迟到，说明他在对方说话前必定出了什么事情，表示一个很必定推测。故D正确。,第5页,例3.,-Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.,-Great!You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.（NMET 上海）,A.mustB.shouldC.must haveD.should have,简析:,答案为C。“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去可能性必定推测，由语境“I have got A for my term paper”可知，他在得A之前必定进行了大量阅读并倾注了许多心血。故C正确。,第6页,2.“can/could+have+,ed”表示对过去某情况可能性否定或质疑，意为,“不可能（已经）了”或“可能（已经）了”。多用于否定句和疑问句当中,；,用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某事遗憾，意为“原来应该（但实际上却没有）”，含有轻微责备。,第7页,例1.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_ have taken it?,(NMET 上海春季),A.should B.must C.could D.would,简析:,答案为C。should+have+ed表示原来应该做某事而却没做；must+have+ed表示过去一定那样做了，would have+ed惯用于表示虚拟语气，均不符合题意。could have taken表示对过去可能性推断，由上句可知，我英汉词典不在了，可能是谁把它拿走了。故C正确。,第8页,例2.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _your lecture.(NMET 上海),A.couldnt have attended,B.neednt have attended,C.mustnt have attended,D.shouldnt have attended,简析:,答案为A。cant/couldnt+have+ed表示对过去否定性推测，意为“不可能”，由“My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,”可知，他不可能参加讲座。故A正确。,第9页,例3.You _ it better,but you were too careless.,A.shouldnt have done B.could have done,C.neednt have done D.mustnt have done,简析:,答案为B。could have done表示对过去没有做某事遗憾，本句意为“原来应该做更加好（但实际上因为太粗心却没有做好）”，含有轻微责备。故B正确。,第10页,3.“may/might+have+ed”用于必定句或否定句中，表示对过去发生某事可能性推测，意为“或许（已经）”或“或许还没有”。,第11页,例 Sorry,Im late.I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(NMET 京、皖春季卷),A.might B.should C.can D.will,简析:,答案为A。might+have ed表示过去可能做某事，由所提供语境“Im late”可知，说话人可能把闹钟关上了，而不是原来不应该把闹钟关上而关上了。而“should+have+ed”表示原来应该做某事而却没做；“can+have+,ed,”表示对过去某情况可能性推测，多用于否定句和疑问句当中；will惯用来表示未来或意愿。故A正确。,第12页,再如：Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she might have said something she would regret later.,昨天，琼离开了讨论会。不然她或许会说些她以后感到后悔事情。,第13页,4.“should/ought to+have+ed”，用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某事得遗憾，意为“原来应该（但实际上却没有）”，往往含有责备意思；用于否定句当中，表示对做过事责备，意为“原来不该（但实际上却已经了）”。,第14页,例1.-My cats really fat.,-You _ have given her so much food.(NMET 湖南),A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt,简析:,答案为C。couldnt+have+ed表示对过去否定性推测,意为“不可能”;“must+have+ed”否定式推测用cant+have+ed”，而不用mustnt+have+ed;wouldnt+have+ed结构惯用于虚拟语气当中，均不符合题意。shouldnt+have+ed表示对做过事责备，意为“原来不该给猫太多食物（但实际上却已经给了它太多食物了，以致于猫太胖了）”。故C正确。,第15页,例2.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?(NMET 1999上海),A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have,简析:,答案为D。must+have+ed结构表示对过去可能性必定推测；need 表示推测惯用于否定句当中；should+动词原形表示（现在）应该那么做；ought to+have+ed表示原来应该做而没有做，意为“昨天宴会上有许多有趣事，你理应来，但你为何没来呢？”。故D正确。,第16页,例3.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.,You_her last week.(NMET福建),A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told,简析:,答案为D。该题考查情态动词对过去推测。should+have+ed表示“本该做而没做某事”，其否定式为“本不该做而做了”。此句表示“你本该上周告诉她（却没有告诉）”，故D正确。,第17页,5“neednt+have+ed”结构表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了”，意为“原来能够无须（可实际上却已经了）”。,第18页,例 Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.,Thanks.You_it.I could manage it myself.(NMET，福建),A.neednt do B.neednt have done,C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done,简析:,答案为B。此题考查情态动词在详细语境中利用。mustnt do意为“不许做”；shouldnt have done意为“原来不应该做而做了”，这两个选项在意义上都不通，neednt do表示普通时态没必要；neednt have done表示“原来没有必要”，指对过去事件评论，这与句意“你原来没有必要替我清扫房间”，因为“我自己能清扫”是一致。故B正确。,第19页,巩固练习,1.-She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam.,-I guess so.Its not difficult after all.（NMET 江苏）,A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might,2.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt enjoy himself by the seaside.(NMET北京),A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant,3.I put my umbrella here behind the door a moment ago,but its gone.Who _it away by mistake?,A.can take B.might take,C.could have taken D.must have taken,第20页,4.No wonder you caught a cold.You _out last night without a coat.,I know how silly I was.,A.shouldnt have gone B.mustnt have gone,C.couldnt have gone D.mightnt have gone,5.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.,It_a comfortable journey.,A.cant be B.shouldnt be,C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been,6.Although there is no life on Mars now,some scientists think that there _ some form of life a long time ago.,A.must beB.may have beenC.can have beenD.could be,第21页,7.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him,I suppose.(NMET安徽),A.should B.can C.would D.must,8.Look！There was plenty of time.We _.,A.mustnt have hurried B.couldnt have hurried,C.must not hurry D.neednt have hurried,9.Dont be so anxious about that.John _ a note.,A.may leave B.should leave,C.might have left D.can have left,10.You_to the school earlier this morning because you have a lot of homework to do.,A.should come to B.ought to have come,C.can come to D.might come to,第22页,Keys:,1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C B,1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B,第23页,