新版轮机英语unit35watchkeeping.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,Lesson 35,Text,Watch keeping(,值班),1/108,At the beginning of,the watch,the,current(,当前),operational parameters(,运行参数),and the condition of all machinery should be,verified(,检验,校验),2/108,and also,the log(,轮机日志),readings,should,correspond with(be in agreement with),those,observed,.,3/108,The engineer officer,in charge(on duty),should note,if there are any special,orders,（指令）,or instructions,（说明）,relating to,the operation of the main machinery or auxiliaries,.,4/108,He should determine,（决定）,what work is,in progress,（在进行中）,and any,hazards(dangers),or,limitations(,限制,不足),it presents,.,5/108,The levels of tanks,containing fuel,water,slops(,污油),ballast(,压载水),etc.,should be noted,and,also the level of the various,bilges(,舱底水),.,6/108,The,operating,mode(,运行 模式),of,equipment and,available,standby(,备用),equipment,should also be noted.,7/108,At appropriate intervals(e.g.at 30-minute intervals),inspection should be made,of the main propulsion plant,（主推进装置）,auxiliary machinery,（辅助机械）,and,steering gear spaces,（舵机间）,.,8/108,Any,routine(,常规,通例),adjustments may,then,be made,and,malfunctions(,故障),or,breakdowns,（损坏）,can be noted,（统计）,reported and corrected,.,9/108,During these,tours of inspection,（巡检）,bilge,level,should be noted,piping and systems should be observed,for,leaks(,泄漏),and,local,indicating instruments,（指示仪表）,also be observed,.,10/108,Bridge(,驾驶室),orders must be,promptly,（快速）,carried out,and,a,record,（统计）,of any required changes in speed and direction,should be kept.,11/108,When under standby or,maneuvering(,机动操作),conditions with the machinery being manually operated,the control unit or,console(,控制台),should be,continuously,manned(,有些人值守),.,12/108,Certain watchkeeping duties,（尤其值班）,are necessary,for,the continuous operation,of equipment or plant,-,the transferring of fuel,for instance,.,13/108,*,In addition to,these regular tasks,（要求任务），,other repair or maintenance tasks may be required of the watchkeeping,personnel(,人员),.,14/108,*,However,no tasks should be,undertaken(,从事,进行),which will,interfere(,干扰，影响),with,the,supervisory(,管理、监督),duties,relating to,the main machinery and associated equipment,.,15/108,During the watch,a,log or record,will be taken,of the various parameters of main and,auxiliary(,辅助),equipment,.,16/108,Fuel,consumption(,消耗量),figures are used to determine the,efficiency,of operation,in addition to,providing a,check,（查对）,on the available,bunker(,燃料仓),quantities.,17/108,*,Lubricating oil(,润滑油),tank levels,to some extent(partly),indicates engine oil,consumption,.,18/108,If the,sump,level were to rise,this would indicate water leakage into the oil,and an,investigation(,调查、检验),into(of,on),the cause must be,made.,19/108,*,The engine exhaust temperature reading,should all be about the same,to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder.,20/108,The various temperature and pressure values,for the cooling water and lubricating oil,should be,at,or,near to,the manufacturers,designed values,for the particular speed or fuel lever(,油门调整杆),settings,.,21/108,Various parameters,for the main engine,turbo-blowers(,涡轮增压器),are also logged,.,Since they are high speed,turbines(,涡轮),the,correct supply of lubricating oil,is essential,.,22/108,*,The air cooler,should be supplied with adequate amount of cooling water,to,ensure efficient combustion.,23/108,*,Various level and temperature readings are,taken,（测量,）,of heavy oil tanks,both settling and service,stern tube bearings,sea water,etc,.,24/108,*,The operating diesel generators will,have,their,exhaust(,排气),temperatures,cooling water and lubricating oil temperatures and pressures,logged,in much the same way as,for the main engine.,25/108,*,Of particular importance,will be the log of running hours,（运行时间）,since,this will be the,basis,（依据）,for,overhauling(,大修，检修),the machinery,.,26/108,Other auxiliary machinery and equipment,（设备）,such as,heat exchangers,freshwater generator(evaporator)(,造水机),boiler,air conditioning plant and refrigeration plant,will also have,appropriate readings,taken.,27/108,There will usually be,summarized,or,daily account,（日志表）,tables,for heavy oil,diesel oil,lubricating oil and fresh water,which will be,compiled(,汇编),at noon.,28/108,The completed log is used to,compile,a summary,sheet(,报表),or,abstract(,摘要、小计),of information,which is returned to the company head office for record purposes,.,29/108,Where,situations,occur in the,machine space(,机舱),which may affect the speed,maneuverability(,机动性能),power supply or other essentials for the safe operation of the ship,the bridge should be informed,as soon as possible,.,30/108,The engineer,in charge,should,notify(,通知),the*,Chief Engineer,in the event of,any serious,occurrence(,事件),or,a situation where he is unsure of the action,（行动）,to take.,31/108,However,where immediate,（马上）,action is necessary to ensure safety,of the ship,its machinery and crew,it,must be taken by the engineer,in charge,.,32/108,At the completion of,the watch,each member should,hand over(,交与),to his,relief(,接班人员),ensuring that he,is,competent(,能胜任),to,take over(,接管),and,carry out,his duties,effectively(,有效地),.,33/108,Reading Materials,A.Keeping Watch,34/108,The engine room should,always(,总是）,be kept clean and,in good order.,35/108,The,exhaust-gases,（排烟）,should frequently be watched.,They should be almost,invisible(,看不见),when the engine operates under full load.,36/108,*,A,smoky,exhaust indicates that the engine is either overloaded or that the,fuel valves,（喷油器）,are not,in proper condition,.,37/108,The cylinder exhaust-gas temperatures should be noted and it should be,confirmed(,确认，证实),that the power of the engine is well,distributed,among the cylinders.,38/108,The,cylinder-jacket(,气缸水套),outlet-water temperatures should be observed and it should be seen that there are no,air-locks(,气塞),.,39/108,The water level in the,fresh-water header tank,should be checked.,40/108,If an air-inlet pipe of a starting valve is hotter than the others,the valve should be,renewed,.,41/108,*,Observation(,观察),should be made of the turbo-blower lubricating-oil temperatures and pressures,also,the exhaust-gas temperatures before and after the turbine.,42/108,It should be,confirmed,（证实，确定）,that the amount of fuel oil in the,service tank,is sufficient during the watch.,43/108,Open the cocks for,draining accumulation of oil,in the,exhaust,manifold(,排气管),at definite intervals,（定时）,.,44/108,The,cylinder lubricators,(,注油器),should be examined for satisfactory operation.,45/108,The,piston,-cooling pipes and the,stuffing boxes(,填料函),for the,piston rods,should be examined for,leakage(,泄漏),.,46/108,*,All the pressures and temperatures indicated by various gauges and,thermometers(,温度计),should be regularly observed.,47/108,The amount of lubricating oil in the drain tank should be checked by,sounding(,探测),.,48/108,If lubricating oil filters of,edgewise cleaning type(,刃口清洁式滑油滤器,),are fitted,*,the handles should be given a few,turns,.,49/108,The sea water temperature should be noted and the temperatures at(of)the lubricating oil and fresh-water coolers,(should be),examined.,50/108,*,A,keen(,敏锐),sense(,感觉、判断力),of hearing,obtained from practice,（实践）,is important for the engineer,depending on his ears,to detect abnormal happenings in the,running gear,（运行装置）,.,51/108,Before being used,the fuel,service tank,should be drained of water and,residual(,残剩余;渣滓),.,52/108,*,If two tanks are installed,the empty tank should be,pumped up,（泵满）,directly,it is empty.,53/108,The gauges on the fuel oil,service tanks,should be watched,to see that,the oil supply to the,injection pumps(,喷油泵),is maintained.,54/108,*,The,vent cocks(,放气旋塞),on the fuel injection pump,lines,should be opened frequently,to,vent any air that may have accumulated,（积聚）,in,them,.,55/108,During maneuvers,（机动操纵）,the fresh-water temperature should be regulated by,throttling(,节流,调整),the sea-water supply to the fresh-water cooler.,56/108,*,Beside observing the pressure in the cooling water,regular readings should be taken,from the,thermometers,（温度计）,in the various lines and,the control valves regulated,to maintain,even(,相同),temperatures in all the jackets.,57/108,Special care should be taken to stop leaks of all,descriptions,immediately,(when),they occur,.,58/108,Vital(,关键),components(,部件),of the engine,（发动机）,should be frequently examined.,59/108,The,crank room(,曲轴箱),cover should,never be allowed to,open for,investigation(,检验),when,the engine is running.,60/108,And it should,not,be opened,until,at least fifteen minutes after the engine stops.Lights of high voltage or,naked lights(,没有灯罩灯),should never be used.,61/108,B.Watchkeeping Duties At Sea,62/108,Constant inspection is a,precaution(,预防办法),which,contributes to(,有利于),avoiding trouble and the following routines must be carried out,at regular intervals,under normal operating conditions:,63/108,1 Regularly check and record all pressures and temperatures and,enter,the same in the engine room log.,64/108,*,Adherence to(,恪守、坚持),differentials in temperature and pressure limits is very important.,65/108,If a temperature or pressure is,in doubt,（怀疑）,it should be checked,against,another instrument,a,rough guess,to temperature is by the feel of the hand.,66/108,3.*,Due(,应有、适当),consideration must be given to engine speed and to the conditions of the loading of the ship and to the,cleanliness,of the,hull(,船体),when,performance and records of the engine are being,assessed(,评定),.,67/108,Shop test reports,（出厂检验汇报）,and,instruction,manuals,（说明书）,are a reliable reference and must be treated,as such.,68/108,All records are important but particular attention must be made to,turbocharger(,涡轮增压器),revolutions,scavenge air receiver(,扫气箱),pressures and temperatures,and cylinder exhaust gas temperatures.,69/108,Consideration must be given to,the calorific value(,热值),of the fuel when,assessing,the daily fuel consumption.,70/108,4.,Check that the,control,valves for the cooling and lubricating systems are,set,properly.,71/108,If there is insufficient pressure in any system then the safety device alarm will be,accelerated,and the engine stopped.,72/108,All（全部）excessive pressure drops must be checked.,73/108,5.*,Adjustments must be made to bring any,abnormally,high or low temperatures to within the,prescribed(,要求,指定),range but this must be attained gradually.,74/108,Abrupt(,突然),temperature changes can increase thermal,stress(,应力),and may cause trouble.,75/108,Check the air temperature after the,charger air cooler,.,76/108,This temperature should be,as low as possible,a high temperature,results in,less oxygen being available for combustion and increased fuel consumption as well as higher exhaust gas temperatures.,77/108,An ideal temperature differential,between,the sea water inlet to the air cooler,and,the air outlet from the cooler is about 17.,78/108,6.,Care must be taken,in climates with a high,humidity,that the temperature of the,scavenge,air,is,if possible,kept above the,dew point(,露点),79/108,otherwise,condensation(,凝结),will form in the,air receiver,and the drain will require to be,cracked(,开缝),open to avoid,rust,formation.,80/108,When water is,apparent(,显著),in the air receiver then a check must be made to verify whether it is sea water or fresh water;,81/108,if it is sea water then the cooler is leaking and,rectification(,修正,修复),is required.,82/108,7.*,Drain,scavenge space and jacket,drains,also piston rod,glands(,填料盖箱),if there is an excess leakage of lubricating oil from the gland,83/108,then the,scraper(,刮油环),and,sealing rings(,密封环),should be,attended(,注意，留 意),to,at the first opportunity(,尽早),.,84/108,8.*,Check,and if necessary,adjust the rate of feed of the cylinder lubricators.,85/108,9.,Check the temperature of the,crankcase,doors by hand.,86/108,10.,Ensure that the fuel in the daily service tanks has been properly cleaned and that water and,sludge(,油泥),have been drained off.Drain,sludge,from fuel,filters(,过滤器),and,purifiers(,分油机),.,87/108,11.*,When burning heavy fuel ensure that there is sufficient heat available to bring the,viscosity(,粘度),of the fuel to within the prescribed limits.,88/108,12.,Ensure that,vents,from cooling water spaces are kept open to permit air to escape.,89/108,13.,Check the pressure drop across fuel and lubrication oil filters.,90/108,Turn all manually operated filters and check that automatic filters are operating satisfactorily,drain sludge if necessary.,91/108,14.,Check the pressure drop across the charge air coolers for both sea and air pressure.,92/108,15.,Check oil levels in,governor(,调速器),and other,auxiliary(,辅助),equipment.,93/108,16.,Check all high pressure fuel lines for any signs of leakage.,94/108,17.,Check,camshafts(,凸轮轴),fuel pump,bearings(,轴承),and other small bearings for temperature increase using,the palm(,手掌),of the hand.,95/108,18.,Examine,jacket,piston and,fuel injector(,喷油嘴),cooling water,returns,for any signs of,contamination(,污染),any,fouling(,污物),must be investigated and,rectified(,更正),.,96/108,19.*,Check air starting pipe to each cylinder,if overheating is discovered engine must be stopped,starting air valve and,flame trap(,阻焰装置),examined and replaced,as necessary,.,97/108,20.,Inspect access doors and,thrust block(,推力轴承),aft(,向船尾),seal for any signs of leakage.,98/108,21.,Check oil level in main engine lubricating oil drain tank.,99/108,22.,Check water level in jacket water cooling tank.,100/108,23.,Check levels in fuel tanks,cylinder lubricating oil and turbocharger lubricating oil*,header,tanks.,101/108,24.*,Drain off water from starting air tanks and,top up,pressure,if necessary,.,102/108,25.,Check lubricating oil,samples,as necessary and check operation of,centrifuges(,离心分离机),.,103/108,26.,Record revolutions of engine over total watchkeeping period.,104/108,27.,Take,indicator diagrams(,示功图),to check power and pressure in cylinders.,105/108,28.,Open drain valve on starting air,manifold,to check that valves in the system are tight.,106/108,29.,Water wash turbochargers as necessary.,107/108,30.,Clean air coolers,at recommended intervals,.,108/108,