医学SCI论文结构化写作.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,报告内容,结构化写作,好文章,三要素,常见问题,SCI,“,Stupid Chinese Idea,”,提出假说,实验设计,+,预实验,全面展开实验,结果分析,论文写作与修改,送出发表,补充实验和回答审稿人的问题,好文章，三要素,一篇,SCI,学术论文的“生产”过程：,第一阶段,第二阶段,第三阶段,好主意（,Good idea,）,有逻辑,（,Logic structure),数据精美,（,Beautiful data),严谨规范,（,Preciseness,and standard,）,结构化写作,（,Structured writing),漫长等待,（,waiting),接收,（,Oh,my god!,）,结构化写作,医学学术论文主要类型：,Original article,论著,Basic Science,基础研究,Diet,and Gastrointestinal,BypassInduced Weight,Loss:The Roles of,Ghrelin,and Peptide YY,Clinical Studies,临床研究,Intensive,Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with,Type,1 Diabetes,Survey,调查,报告,Case report,病例报道,Review,article,综述,Short communications,短篇报道,Letter,给期刊的一封信,结构化写作,题目,作用：,反映论文的主题或主要信息以吸引,读者。,几,点写作原则：,一般不要太长，排版后不超过,2,行，,25,个,单词,；,可以不是完整的,句子；,反映文章的主要研究结论或研究,内容；,最好反映文章的特色，如试验类型,等；,最好反映研究对象，如物种,等；,结构化写作,题目,应以最少数量的单词来充分表述论文的,内容,SCI,论文题名中可以省略,的词：,Analysis,of,Development of,Evaluation of,Experimental,Investigation of(on),Observations on,On the,Regarding,Report of(on),Research on,Review of,Studies of(on),The,preparation,of,The synthesis of,The nature of,Treatment,of,Use of,等。,用词十分准确、精练：,如,三五个基因检测，不能说,gene expression,profile,profile,是大的,概念，高通量。,结构化写作,题目,不理想题目举例,信息不明确,60,例胃癌患者手术前后血清肿瘤,M2,型丙酮酸激酶的测定及其,临床,价值；,PTEN,及,PCNA,在胃癌中的表达及其,意义；,胃部,分切除手术（,PPG,）对早期胃癌的临床疗效,观察；,紫杉,醇联合顺铂治疗复发转移乳腺癌的临床,疗效；,肺癌,癌性胸腔积液疗效的相关影响因素,分析；,多,西紫杉醇在局部晚期鼻咽癌同期放化疗中的临床应用,研究；,甲状腺,乳头状微小癌中央组淋巴结清扫的临床,意义。,结构化写作,摘要,摘要是文章的,“,敲门砖,”,论文摘要的质量影响编辑的判断和审稿人的,印象,几点,写作原则：,200/250,字以内；,一段,式,结构,独立,成文；,无引文；,四要素,结构式：,Objective/Background/Aim,：,一两句,话说明研究目的，研究,背景可介绍可不,介绍；,Methods,：,研究对象、分组处理、检测方法,和,指标；,Results,：主要结果，包括关键数据和统计学,结果；,Conclusion,：两三句话给出文章的主要,结论；,*注意研究方法和研究结果的一致性。,结构化写作,摘要,Background,This study,aimed to determine,the involvement of long non-coding RNA PVT1 in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.,Methods,A C57BL/6 mouse cardiac hypertrophic model,was established using transverse aortic constriction(TAC)operation.,Expression level of PVT1,was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)and outcome indicators for cardiac hypertrophy were detected by echocardiography analysis after TAC operation at 4 weeks.To further investigate the roles of PVT1 in cardiac hypertrophy,PVT1 siRNA(siPVT1),was transfected into cultured neonatal mouse cardiac cardiomyocytes which was subjected to,1 M angiotensin II(Ang II)stimulation,for 24 h.,Cell size,was calculated by measuring cell surface area and,total protein content,was analyzed by Bradford assay.Moreover,the,expression levels of hypertrophic markers,including atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)and beta-myosin heavy chain(-MHC),were also quantified using qRT-PCR.,Results,Compared with the sham-operated group,PVT1 was up-regulated by,2.5-fold(,p,0.05,),in hypertrophic hearts after TAC operation,at 4 weeks,.SiPVT1 transfection caused,significant decrease(,p,0.05),of Ang II-induced enlarged cell size by 5.6-fold and increased total protein content,by 23.0%.,Moreover,siRNA transfection,dramatically(,p,0.05)attenuated,Ang II-induced up-regulation of ANP and-MHC,by 40.9%and 41.5%,respectively,but had no effect on BNP expression.,Conclusions,Our results,demonstrated that,PVT1,was essential for,the maintenance of cell size of cardiomyocytes,which,might play a ro,le,in,the regulation of Ang II-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.,Angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy is positively regulated by long non-coding RNA PVT1,结构化写作,关键词,恰当的关键词,对于索引,非常重要，通过关键词可以,非常容易,地搜索和判定文章的,内容。,几点,写作原则：,一般列出,3-6,个；,关键词,通常避免与文章题目内容,重复；,避免,不常见的,缩写。,Keywords:,Cardiac hypertrophy;PVT1;long non-coding RNA;cardiomyocytes;transverse aortic constriction,结构化写作,前言,理想的,introdu,ction,应具备：鲜明的,层次感,和极强的,逻辑性,。,研究背景,前人工作,存在问题,本文贡献,为什么要做？这个疾病太常见了、太难诊断了、太难治疗了。,别人已经做了哪些工作？,还有什么问题没有解决？研究局限性。,自己准备做什么？,结构化写作,前言,几点写作原则：,开门见山；,言简意赅,，突出重点。,避免发表,大幅,评论；,参考文献一定要有最新,的；,文献的引用和数据的提供一定要准确，不能,断章取义；,避免过多,引用自己或同事的论著，或者一味引用只对,自己的,研究结果有利的论著，而忽视观点对立的研究或,论著；,文章的摊子不要铺的太大，要抓住一点进行深入的阐述。创新性描述的越多越大，越容易被审稿人抓住,把柄；,切忌,使用,“,有,很高的学术,价值,”,，,“,首次发现,”,等,之类的,词语；,在,引言中提出的问题在结论中应有解答，但也应避免引言与结论,雷同。,结构化写作,前言,Heart failure is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world,even if there has been great improvement in heart disease treatment 1.The most common form of heart failure usually presents with abnormal systolic function that is associated with cardiac hypertrophy 2.,Cardiac hypertrophy,is characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes,which,is an independent and major risk factor for cardiovascular disease,3,4.Great advances have been made in the identification of genes and signaling pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy for developing therapeutic methods 5,6.However,despite the considerable efforts,the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy remain incompletely understood,.,四段论之一：研究背景,四段论之二：前人工作,Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),a group of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length,are previously thought to represent random transcriptional noise.However,lncRNAs have been demonstrated to implicate in disease progression via regulating gene expression7,.Moreover,a number of lncRNAs have been associated with cardiovascular system and heart failure,8-11.Han et al.have demonstrated that,lncRNAs Myheart can protect hearts from pathological hypertrophy,12.In addition,2900055J20Rik 13 and CHRF 14 have also been identified to be involved in regulation of cardiac hypertrophy,.These findings motivate further investigation of the value of lncRNAs in the cardiac hypertrophy.,结构化写作,前言,四段论之二：前人工作,The,plasmacytoma variant translocation 1(PVT1)gene,is originally identified as a transcriptional unit from a human homologous sequence to Pvt1 on chromosome 8q24 15.PVT1 encodes a number of spliced non-coding transcripts and a group of six annotated microRNAs including miR-1204,-1205,-1206,1207-5p,1207-3p and-1208 16.,PVT1 might exert its regulatory effects in various cancers as a lncRNA,17.As previously reported,amplified and overexpressed PVT1 can increase cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis,which thus contribute to,breast cancer,pathogenesis 18.Similarly in,colorectal cancer,PVT1 generates anti-apoptotic activity and is a prognostic indicator for patients 19.,四段论之三：提出问题,Thus,PVT1 might be involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy,.Although several previous reports have identified the functional roles of PVT1 implicated in the pathogenesis of the human diseases mentioned above,the role of this gene in the development of cardiac hypertrophy is not yet known.,四段论之三：本文贡献,To shed light on potential effects,of PVT1 on hypertrophy,we firstly analyzed its expression levels in hearts of hypertrophy model mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction(TAC)operation.Furthermore,with small interference RNA(siRNA)approach,we demonstrated an essential role of,PVT1 in the regulation of angiotensin II(Ang II)-induced increase of cardiomyocytes size.,结构化写作,材料与方法,方法学写作要求：,简洁、完整性、科学性,1,）实验对象,患者,：,通过伦理委员会批准；临床研究有病人知情同意,书；,描述,受试者的数量、来源（年龄、性别和其他重要特征一般作为结果的第一部分介绍,）；,说明,病例的纳入和排除标准、诊断标准,。,实验,动物：,动物实验符合本大学,/,医院的动物管理委员会批准；,动物的名称、种系、等级、数量、来源、性别、年龄、体重、饲养条件和健康状况等。,组织、细胞,来源、保存条件、培养方法,结构化写作,材料与方法,方法学写作要求：,简洁、完整性、科学性,2,）实验设计,手术,方法，最好有手术流程,示意图；,随访方法、失访者的,描述；,使用已有的方法，应标明参考文献，做简要说明。如使用的是新的或经过修改的方法，要详细介绍新方法或修改的,部分；,第一次描述产品（包括试剂、软件）时，要交代生产厂家和国家,名称；,注意设计的合理性：如受试对象的代表性、分组方法、诊断方法、观察的,指标。,3,）,统计分析,若文章涉及统计学方法介绍，一般作为方法部分的最后,一段；,应简要介绍所采用的统计学软件及版本、采用的分析方法，并注明检验,水准。,All values of outcome indicators for cardiac hypertrophy,cell size,total protein content and gene expression levels were presented as means SD.Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)followed with Tukey post hoc test provided by SPSS 16.0.A value of,p,0.05 was considered statistically significant.All graphs were made by GraphPad Prism 5.0.,结构化写作,结果,几点写作原则：,结果翔实、描述准确、层次,鲜明；,结果,描述要写出具体的,数值；,采用清晰的,图表和,合理的文字,说明；,表、图、文字内容不应,重复。,一般可以,采用四段,论,模式：,为了研究,XXXX,，采用,XXXX,方法，得出,XXXX,结果，表明了,XXXX,（图表）,。,重点,是发现的结果,，其它只能一句话。,结构化写作,结果,To confirm,the previous apoptosis results,we performed,parallel experiments using pHR-VPR-R and staining for caspase activity with FITC-VAD-FMK(Figure 2D)and by measuring poly-ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)cleavage(Figure 2E).,Analysis of Vpr expression by Western blot,revealed that thymidine treatment did not affect expression of Vpr(Figure 2F).,These results are in agreement with,those obtained by DAPI staining and confirm that synchronization of cells in G1/S alleviates Vpr-induced apoptosis.,结构化写作,图表,表格,直观明了，在不看正文的情况下也可以理解表格,内容；,大多数期刊要求三线,表格式；,表格列数较多时，可将相应页面改为,横向；,涉及,统计学差异要用符号或字母标识，并显示统计学差异的结果（,P,值或其他,）；,测量指标要注明,单位；,表注位于表格下方，注明缩写的全称、统计学方法和符号,等；,顺序引用，在文中正确位置引用，确保每个表格都有,引用；,引用别人的表格，需要取得原作者和作者同意，并,致谢。,结构化写作,图表,结构化写作,图表,图片,格式：每个杂志要求不同,。,TIFF,或,PDF,格式等；,质量,：分辨率；要清晰，要选择能反映实验结果的典型,图片；,说明同一实验结果的图片应整合为一张,图；,涉及统计学差异要用符号或字母,标识；,用箭头等标记指示差异，使读者更易,理解；,显微照片要有,标尺；,图注要清楚，如染色方法、缩写以及采用的统计学方法和各,标识；,顺序引用，在文中正确位置引用，确保每个表格都有,引用。,结构化写作,讨论,第一段,研究背景回顾,+,总结本文结果,中间几段,分析本研究主要结果,Limitation,指出,本研究不足之处,指出本,研究的重要结果和新,发现；,简洁，避免与前言、结果部分重复。,要把本结果和国内外其他相关结果进行分析，指出和其它研究的,异同及,原因,；,选择合适的结果在讨论部分中进行深入的讨论，导致这些结果的,可能机理或解释,；,体现,创新性,，不要简单重复前言和结果,。,要指出本研究的不足，但强调文章的研究结果是有意义的，针对不足做出,展望。,几点写作原则：,不是,所有的结果都要,讨论,；,要客观，不夸大；,避免,没有资料充分证明的陈述和,结论。,结构化写作,讨论,Previous reports have shown that,lncRNAs are involved in the pathological processes of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 8,11,13,14.,In present study,we firstly demonstrated that lncRNA PVT1 might have an essential role in cell size maintenance of cardiomyocytes during hypertrophy.First,we observed that PVT1 was up-regulated about 2.5-fold after TAC at 4 weeks.Then by using siRNA approaches in cultured cardiomyocytes,we further demonstrated that down-regulation of PVT1 in cardiomyocytes could attenuate the Ang II-induced increase of cell size,total protein contents as well as expression levels of ANP and-MHC.,PVT1 is a lncRNA(1.9 kb)that encodes a number of alternative transcripts 26.,Although there are a few reports showing that PVT1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases,17,18,27,it is not yet clear whether PVT1 is involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy,.Previous study has demonstrated that Ang II treatment can induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure via affecting mitochondrial oxidative stress 29.Cell enlargement,a feature of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,is associated with heart systolic dysfunction and heart failure 30.Total protein content of cardiac muscle cells usually increases significantly in cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy 31.Herein,we observed an enlarged cell size and increased total protein content in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes,implying an successful establishment of cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy in vitro,.At the same time,PVT1 knockdown could significantly attenuate the increase of cell size and total protein content in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes,which give the evidence that,PVT1 could be suggested as a therapeutic targets for disease treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.,结构化写作,结论,几点写作原则：,独立,于,discussion,之后,；,从文章的主要结果提炼重要,结论；,一两句话概括本文的主要结论和研究,意义；,避免与前言最后一段和讨论第一段重复。,In the present study,inhibition of PVT1 could attenuate enlargement of cardiomyocytes size and down-regulate the expression levels of ANP and-MHC in the Ang II-stimulated cardiomyocytes hypertrophy,indicating that PVT1 may be essential for cell size maintenance of cardiomyocytes and for regulation of Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy.,PVT1 might be suggested as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy.,结构化写作,参考文献,几点写作原则：,格式符合目标杂志的,要求；,精选,最好是,近年的本研究领域的权威杂志，以增加自己立论依据的,可信性；,直接引用，正确,引用；,文献要适量,，不可过多或过少。论著,类文章的参考文献应在,20,条以上，综述类应该,更多；,需要有近,2,年文献，展示最新的研究,进展；,不能,自引,过多；,选择,Endnote,或其他文献管理软件进行文献插入。,结构化写作,参考文献,常见问题：,太过口语化或语法复杂；,将,毕业论文直接,copy,过来，当成,paper,；,老是,以自我为,中心！老是用“我”。,如“我院”、“我科”、“我国,尚未见报道,”、“国外,报道很多,但是我国是首次报道,”、“我认为”；,缺少,逻辑,层次感；,该,引用文献,地方不引用文献，或过多,中文,文献；,统计学术语表达不准确。“虽然,没有统计学,差异，但是,A,组比,B,组要高,”；,图表,问题超,多；,空格问题,：数字,和单位之间留一个空格（,除了和,%,外,）,、,P,0.01,的小于号前后各有一个空格、,158 16,的,前后各有一个空格,。,基因,/,蛋白质的名称格式（大写与斜体的使用,）。,Thank you for your attention,！,