语法填空专项之代词市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法填空专题（一）,代词,第1页,一、人称代词,1)人称代词人称、数和格，以下表所表示。,第2页,第3页,2)人称代词有,主格和宾格,之分。通常,主格作主语,，,宾格作宾语,。如：,I,like table tennis.（作主语）,Do you know,him,?（作宾语）,3)人称代词还可作,表语,。作,表语时用宾格,。如：-Who is knocking at the door?,-Its,me,.,4)人称代词在than之后与其它人或事物进行比较时，用,主格和宾格,都能够。如：,He is older than,me,.,He is older than,I,am.,第4页,二、物主代词,1)表示所相关系代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性,物主代词，以下表所表示。,第5页,第6页,2),形容词性物主代词作用相当于,形容词，,可在句中作,定语,。比如：,Our,teacher is coming to see us.,This is,her,pencil-box.,3),名词性物主代词作用相当于,名词,，在句中可用作,主语、宾语和表语,。,Our school is here,and,theirs,is there.,（作主语）,-Is this English-book,yours,?,（作表语）,-No.Mine is in my bag.,Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished,yours,?,（作宾语）,第7页,三、反身代词,英语中用来表示,我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己,等意义代词称为反身代词，也有些人称之为本身代名词，其形式如表所表示。,第8页,第9页,反身代词能够在句中作,宾语，表语，同位语。,1)作,宾语,，表示动作承受者就是动作发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer,2)作,表语,。It doesnt matter.Ill be myself soon,3),作主语或宾语同位语,，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes,第10页,enjoy oneself,make oneself at home,make oneself understoodheard,for oneself 为自己,by oneself 独自地,of oneself 自然地，自动地,The door opened,of itself,.,The fire went out,of itself,.,反身代词相关短语,第11页,汉字,主格,宾格,全部格,名词性物代,反身代词,我,我们,你,你们,他,她,它,他们,I me my mine myself,we us our ours ourselves,you you your yours yourself,you you your yours yourselves,he him his his himself,she her her hers herself,it it its its itself,they them their theirs themselves,第12页,四、指示代词,指示代词包含：this，that，these，those。,1)this和these普通用来指,在时间或空间上较近事物或人,，that和those,则,指时间和空间上较远事物或人,，比如：,This,is a pen and,that,is a pencil,We are busy,these,days,In,those,days the workers had a hard time,第13页,2)有时that和those指前面,讲到过事物,，this 和these则是指,下面将要讲,到事物,，比如：,I had a cold.,That,s why I didnt come.What I want to say is,this,;pronunciation is very important in learning English,第14页,3)有时,为了防止重复提到名词,，常可用that或those代替，比如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as,those,made in Shanghai,4)this,在电话用语中代表自己,，that 则代表对方。比如：,Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,第15页,The Use of“it”,代词,it,引导词,it,It句型归纳,Sentences With“it”,第16页,1.,用作人称代词，代替前文提到过事物,My pen is missing.I cant find,it,anywhere.,-Who is knocking at the door?,-,It,s me.,Jack is ill.Have you heard about,it,?,代词-it,第17页,2,用以代替指示代词this,that,-Whats this?,-Whose exercise-book is that?,-,It,s hers.,代词-it,-Its a flag.,第18页,3.,表示时间、天气、距离,季节、环境、情况等,It,s time for lunch.,When spring comes,it,gets warmer,and warmer.,It,s about two hours,from here to the zoo.,It,s winter now.,It,was very quiet(noisy)at the moment.,代词,-,it,第19页,4.作,形式主语,，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示真正主语。,It,is exciting to find an ancient tomb.(代替不定式),It,was wrong for you not to help her.(代替不定式复合结构),It,is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.（代替主语从句）,第20页,5作,形式宾语,，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示真正宾语。,He feels,it,his duty to help others.,We thought,it,no use doing that.,I find,it,difficult to solve the problem.,第21页,6,用在强调结构中。惯用强调结构“It is(was)+被强调成份+that(或who)”,I,saw,Li Ping,in the street,yesterday,.,第22页,It was,I,that/who,saw Li Ping,in the street this morning.,It was,Li Ping,that I saw in the street,this morning.,It was,in the street,that I saw Li Ping,this morning.,It was,yesterday,that I saw Li Ping,in the street.,it-强调结构,第23页,引导词-it,强调not until结构时将此结构置于It is(was)that句型中，that后接必定式。,I did,nt,go to bed,until,I had finished,my homework last night.,It was,that,not until I had finished my homework last night,I,went,to bed.,第24页,1.It+be+adj.+of sb.+不定式,sb.+be+adj.+不定式,It is very,kind,of you to help us.,(=You are kind to help us.),Its,cruel,of him to kill that animal.,It句型归纳,clever,bright,foolish,stupid,silly,wise,careful,careless,rude,impolite,nice,right,wrong,silly,good,brave,honest,etc.,第25页,2.It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do,It,is difficult for us,to learn English,.,It,is important for her,to come to the party.,常见形容词有：,important，necessary，natural easy，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant,etc.,第26页,3,.It+takes+sb.+some time+to do,表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”,It took him some time to find the elephant.,sb.+spend+some time+(in)doing,He spent some time(in)finding the elephant.,4.,It costs+sb.+some money+to do,第27页,5.,It is+no use+动名词,It,is no use,regretting,your past mistakes.,It,is no use,crying,over split milk.,It,is no good,learning,English without speaking English.,能以,动名词,作主语这类句子并不多，主要在以,no good,no use,useless,worthwhile,等词作表语句子中用。,第28页,6.,It+be+adj./n.+that-clause,It is,very,clear,that hes tall like a tree.,It is a pity,that,she has made such a mistake.,Adj:,o,bvious,necessary，right，strange，natural,true,N:,a fact,a shame,an honor,no wonder,第29页,7.,It+be+过去分词+that-clause,It is said that,he has been ill for years.,适合用于这种句型动词有,report,announce,decide,learn,expect,arrange,suggest,etc.,He is said to,have been ill for years.,第30页,8.,It+,looks as if/seems+that-clause,It seems that they are talking.,用于这种句型动词,happen,turn out,appears等,It happened that she was not at home.,It turned out that he was Bushs father.,It looks as if he is ill.,第31页,9.It is the first,(second.),time that.,该句型中 that 从句用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句谓语动词时态决定。假如是普通现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；假如是普通过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，,It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.,It was the first time I had been here.,第32页,10.,It+be+time+for,It+be+time+(for sb.)+to do,It+be+time+that,表示“该做某事了”,It is time for supper.,It is time(for us)to have supper.,It is time,that,we had supper.,that从句中要用虚拟语气,Its time that this problem,was,/,should be,solved,第33页,Practice time,第34页,五、不定代词：,some any,onebothall,manymuch,few littlea fewa little,eachevery,eitherneither,otherothers the other the others another,第35页,(1)some与any,：,some,普通用于必定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予必定回答时，可用于疑问句中；,any,普通用于否定和疑问句中，但当any强调“任何”时，也可用于必定句中。,同理，something，somebody，someone使用方法同some；anything，anybody，anyone使用方法同any。,第36页,使用方法,：,some用于必定句中,用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。,I have some friends.Smith went to some place in England.（定语）,在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请问句中。,Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum could you give me some money?(请求),any用于疑问句和否定句。,Is there any student in the classroom?,No,there isnt any student.,any用于必定句表示“任何”意思。,Any day is okay for me.,第37页,one,both,all,one,指人或物，“一个”，其复数为ones,This is not the one I want.(表语),both,指人或指物，“二者都”如：,This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语),Both my parents like this film.,all,“全部”、“整个”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，表示“全部”、“全部”，指三个或三个以上人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部钱给了我。,All the schools are flooded.全部学校都被淹了。,第38页,注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none,。如：,Not all the ants go out for food.,All the ants dont go out for food.,并不是全部蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.,这钱一分也不是我。,第39页,many和much few,little;a few,a little,few和little,表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含必定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中惯用作定语、主语和宾语。,第40页,each和every,each（各个），指两个或两个以上人或物，,侧重个体,.every（每个），指三个或三个以上人或物，,侧重整体,，在句中只能作,定语,。,Every,student in our class has a dictionary.(,定语，强调班上“全部人”,)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（,定语，强调各个个体,）,Each of them,has been there.（,主语,）The teacher gave,each of the students,a new textbook.（,宾语,）,We each,got a ticket.（,同位语,）,第41页,either和neither,either是,“二者中任何一个”,意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是,“二者中没有一个”,意思，能够修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens.You may take,either of them,.(宾语),Neither boy,knows French.(定语),第42页,other,others,the other,the others 和 another,the other表示“二者中另一个”；(one,the other),other意思是“其它”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其它人或东西，相当于other+名词复数；,the others特指其它一些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数。,another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上）另一个”，不能指二者中另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。,第43页,He got two books;,one,is textbook,the other,is a novel.,Five of the pencils are red,the others,(the other pens),are yellow.,Some students are singing,others,(other students),are dancing.,Please give me,another,book.,第44页,6相互代词：each other用于,二者或二者以上,；one another用于,三者或三者以上,，在当代英语中它们可通用。,7疑问代词：what指事或物，不强调范围；who(whom，whose)指人；which既,可,指人也可指物，但强调范围。,8关系代词：what，who，whom，whose，which，that，as，,第45页,