新视界大学英语综合教程4-unit5.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Talking point,Warming u,p,Skimming,Digging,Critical thinking,Language in use,Unfamiliar words,Interpreting,1/107,Do you know how to say“,八卦”,in English,both its original meaning and extended meaning?Watch the video clip and find out the answer.,Warming up,2/107,Warming up,Listen and underline any words or expressions which are different from what you hear.,Conversation 1,A,Whos going to win the big match on Sunday,then?,B,Not much doubt about it to my mind,its going to be the Hammers.,A,What?West Ham?Against the league champion Man United?You must be joking!,B,No,Im not.Theyre playing at home,theyve had a string of good results recently,theyve got two great players,A,Whos going to win the big match on,Sunday,then?,B,Not much doubt about it to my mind,its going to be the Hammers.,A,What?West Ham?Against the league,champion,Man United?You must be joking!,B,No,Im not.Theyre playing at home,theyve had a string of good results recently,theyve got two,great,players,3/107,Warming up,Conversation 2,A,Have you heard about Justin?,B,No,whats he done?,A,It seems hes started going out with a woman half his age.She sounds it too.I cant think what he sees in her,shes not exactly an English beauty.,B,Never!I dont believe you!He must be mad!,A,Have you heard about Justin?,B,No,whats he done?,A,It seems hes started going out with a woman,half,his age.She,sounds,it too.I cant think what he sees in her,shes not exactly an English,beauty,.,B,Never!I dont believe you!He must be mad!,4/107,Warming up,Answer:,Conversation 1:,Sunday,Saturday,champion,leaders,great,new,Conversation 2:,half,twice,sounds,looks,beauty,rose,5/107,Warming up,Work in pairs and discuss the questions.,1 Did you find anything strange about the two conversations?,2 Which do you think is most likely to take place,and why?,3 Do you have conversations like these?Who with?,4 What are the usual subjects of your conversations?,5 What do you think are the differences between the way that men speak to each other and how they speak to women?,6 What do you think are the differences between the way that women speak to each other and how they speak to men?,6/107,Warming up,Check()the statements about gossip which you think are true.,1 Men gossip just as much as women.,2 Men talk more about politics than women.,3 Men talk more about football than women.,4 Women talk more about themselves than men.,5 Men dont admit they gossip.,6 Women dont admit they gossip.,Now read the passage from the book,Watching,the English,and check your answers.,The passage mentions points,1,3 and 5.,7/107,Skimming,Browse the passage within,8,minutes to get a rough idea about it.,Answer the questions,of Activity,2,and,3,on page 93.,Task,8/107,Skimming,Number the different parts of the passage in the order they occur.,Give a detailed,technical account of how women gossip.,Refer to recent research to dispel the myth about male gossip.,Conclude that the vital difference between male and female gossip lies in the positive response of the audience.,Suggest that the myth about male gossip is really a problem of terminology.,Reveal that men change the topic of conversation when women are present.,Focus on the difference of content between male and female gossip.,Answer:5,1,6,4,2,3,9/107,Skimming,Answer the questions.,What does the research quoted in the passage show?,What do men talk about when they are on their own?,What do men do when women are present?,4 What is the main difference between male and female gossip?,That men gossip as much as women.,Mostly social topics.,They talk more about highbrow topics such as politics,work,art and cultural matters.,Men talk more about themselves,women gossip more about others,10/107,Skimming,What is the“tone rule”in womens gossip?,What is the“detail rule”?,What does the“feedback rule”say about listeners?,How do women listeners respond to gossip?,9 Why do men respond differently to gossip?,A particular tone of voice is required to convey gossip.,The particular details of a piece of gossip are very important.,Listeners must give appropriately dramatic reactions to what they hear.,They sound suitably surprised or shocked.,Because the feedback rule does not apply to men as it does to women.,11/107,Sex differences in English,gossip,rules,译文,Digging,1,Contrary,to popular belief,researchers have found that men gossip just as much as women.In one English study,both sexes devoted the same amount of conversation time(about 65 per cent)to social topics such as personal relationships;in another,the difference was found to be quite small,with gossip,accounting for,55 per cent of male conversation time and 67 per cent of female time.As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about ten per cent of conversation time,discussion of football could well account for the difference.,Background information,12/107,Digging,2,Men were certainly found to be no more likely than women to discuss“important”or“,highbrow,”subjects such as politics,work,art and cultural matters except(and this was a striking difference)when women were present.On their own,men gossip,with no more than five per cent of conversation time devoted to non-social subjects such as work or politics.It is only in mixed-sex groups,where there are women to impress,that the proportion of male conversation time devoted to these more“highbrow”subjects increases,dramatic,ally,to between 15 and 20 per cent.,13/107,译文,Digging,3,In fact,recent research has revealed only one significant difference,in terms of content,between male and female gossip:Men spend much more time talking about themselves.Of the total time devoted to conversation about social relationships,men spend two thirds talking about their own relationships,while,women only talk about themselves one third of the time.,14/107,译文,Digging,4,Despite these findings,the myth is still widely believed,particularly among males,that men spend their conversations“solving the worlds problems”,while the womenfolk gossip in the kitchen.In my focus groups and interviews,most English males initially claimed that they did not gossip,while most of the female readily admitted that they did.On further questioning,however,the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice:What the women were happy to call“gossip”,the men defined as“exchanging information”.,15/107,译文,Digging,5,Clearly,there is a,stigma,attached to gossip among English males,an unwritten rule,to the effect that,even if what one is doing is gossiping,it should be called something else.Perhaps even more important:It should sound like something else.In my gossip research,I found that the main difference between male and female gossip is that female gossip actually sounds like gossip.There seem to be three principal factors involved:the tone rule,the detail rule and the feedback rule.,16/107,译文,Digging,The tone rule,6,The English women I interviewed all agreed that a particular tone of voice was considered appropriate for gossip.The gossip-tone should be high and quick,or sometimes a stage whisper,but always highly animated.“Gossips got to,start with something like quick,high-pitched,excited tone Oooh Guess what?Guess what?”explained one woman,“or Hey,listen,listen quick,urgent stage whisper you know what I heard?”,17/107,译文,Digging,Another told me:“You have to make it sound surprising or,scandalous,even when it isnt really.Youll go,Well,dont tell anyone,but even when its not really that big of a secret.”,18/107,译文,Digging,7,Many of the women complained that men failed,to adopt the correct tone of voice,recounting items,of gossip in the same lat,unemotional manner as any other piece of information,such that,as one woman,sniffed,“You cant even tell its gossip.”Which,of course,is exactly the impression the males wish to give.,19/107,译文,Digging,The detail rule,8,Females also stressed the importance of detail in the telling of gossip,and again,bemoan,ed the shortcomings of males in this matter,claiming that men“never know the details”.“Men just dont do the he-said-she-said thing,”one,informant,told me,“and its no good unless you actually know what people said.”Another said:“Women tend to speculate more Theyll talk about why someone did something,give a history to the situation.”,20/107,译文,Digging,For women,this detailed speculation about possible motives and causes,requiring an,exhaustive,raking over“history”,is a crucial element of gossip,as is detailed speculation about possible outcomes.English males find all this detail boring,irrelevant,and,of course,unmanly.,21/107,Digging,The feedback rule,9,Among English women,it is understood that to be a“good gossip”requires more than a lively tone and attention to detail:You also need a good audience,by which they mean appreciative listeners who give plenty of appropriate feedback.The feedback rule of female gossip requires that listeners be at least as animated and,enthusiastic,as speakers.The reasoning seems to be that this is only polite;the speaker has gone to the trouble of making the information sound surprising and scandalous,so the least one can do is to reciprocate by sounding suitably shocked.,22/107,Digging,English men,according to my female informant,just dont seem to have,grasped,this rule.They do not understand that“You are supposed to say NO!Really?and Oh my GOD!”,23/107,Digging,10,My female informants agreed,however,that a man who did respond in the approved female manner would sound inappropriately,girly,or even,disturbing,ly effeminate.Even the gay males I interviewed felt that the“NO!Really?”kind of response would be regarded as decidedly“camp”.The unwritten rules of English gossip etiquette do,allow men to express shock or surprise when they hear a particularly juicy bit of gossip,but it is understood that a suitable expletive conveys such surprise in a more acceptably masculine fashion.,24/107,1.,As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about ten per cent of conversation time,discussion of football could well account for the difference.,(Line 9,Para 1),Researchers have found that men spend about ten per cent of their conversation time talking about sport and leisure,therefore the small difference between men,and women in gossip time men gossip about 12 per cent less than women can be explained by the time spent on discussing football,which women are less likely to talk about,and which does not count as gossip.,Difficult sentences,25/107,Difficult sentences,2.,On further questioning,however,the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice:What the women were happy to call“gossip”,the men defined as“exchanging information”.,(Line 8,Para 4),The sentence means that in practice there was not so much difference between men and women in gossiping;the difference lies in how men and women defined the meaning of“gossip”“gossip”for women was the same as“exchanging information”,for men.,26/107,Difficult sentences,3.,Clearly,there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males,an unwritten rule to the effect that,even if what one is doing is gossiping,it should be called something else.,(Line 1,Para 5),English men feel it is somehow wrong or embarrassing to gossip,so when they gossip,they give it another name.,unwritten rule:,a rule or custom which is not written down.People will recognize it,but may not be fully conscious of such a rule until someone draws attention to it.,27/107,Difficult sentences,4.Theyll talk about why someone did something,give a history to the situation.,(Line 8,Para 8),give a history to the situation:,to explain the background to what has happened,28/107,Difficult sentences,5.,For women,this detailed speculation about possible motives and causes,requiring an exhaustive raking over“history”,is a crucial element of gossip,(Line 10,Para 8),Women speculate about the reasons why people have done things and what caused them to do so.his requires them to go over the history of an event or talk in detail about something.For women,this is a key part of gossip.,29/107,Difficult sentences,6.,allow men to express shock or surprise when they hear a particularly juicy bit of gossip,(Line 8,Para 10),juicy:,Juicy stories are slightly shocking but interesting or fun to listen to.,30/107,gossip,释义,1,n.U,conversation about unimportant subjects,especially peoples private lives,(,尤指关于人们私生活,),闲言，流言,例句,There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence.,关于他缺席原因有很多传言。,翻译,Words,例句,Polly follows all the gossip about the royal family.,波莉关注一切相关王室组员八卦消息。,翻译,31/107,释义,2,vi.to talk about other people or about things that,闲聊,，说长道短,Words,例句,Mrs,W,hite never gossiped.,怀特夫人从来不说长道短。,翻译,例句,This is where the locals gather to gossip and talk politics.,这里是当地人聚集在一起闲聊和谈政治地方。,翻译,gossip,32/107,释义,a.(to)completely different or opposed to something else,相反，反抗,Words,例句,Contrary to what you might think,neither man was offended.,你可能认为那两个人生气了，但实际上正相反，两个人都没有生气。,翻译,例句,Contrary to popular belief,gorillas are shy and gentle creatures.,与人们普遍看法恰恰相反，大猩猩是一个害羞而温顺动物。,翻译,contrary,33/107,释义,a.,likely to interest people who are interested in learning,culture,and art,文化涵养高,Words,例句,T,he programme was too,highbrow,to appeal to most viewers.,该节目太,高雅,，对多数观众没有吸引力。,翻译,例子,highbrow classical music,高雅古典音乐,翻译,highbrow,34/107,释义,a.,sudden and surprising or easy to notice,突如其来，引人注目标,Words,例句,That program talks only about the dramatic change in society.,这个节目只谈论那些引人注目标社会改变,。,翻译,例句,She plays a very dramatic woman with flashing eyes.,她饰演一位双眼闪光引人注目标妇人。,翻译,dramatic,35/107,释义,n.,U a feeling that something is wrong or embarrassing in some way,羞耻,，耻辱，见不得人感觉,例句,Being an unmarried mother used to carry a social stigma.,做未婚母亲在社会上曾是不光彩事。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Most of the time people,dont get treatment for,mental problem,to avoid the stigma of mental illness.,很多时候,人们,精神上有问题,时不去接收治疗，省得被人认为自己有精神病。,stigma,36/107,释义,a.,something that is scandalous shocks you and makes you feel very angry because it seems unfair,让人震惊，令人愤慨,例句,翻译,Words,例句,It is absolutely scandalous that a fantastic building like this is just left to rot away.,翻译,一栋如此气势辉煌大楼就任其腐朽败落，真令人愤慨。,Its scandalous that people have to wait so long for operations.,人们要等这么久才能做手术，真,是,不像话。,scandalous,37/107,释义,1,vi.(at)to criticize something or suggest it is not good enough for you,对,嗤之以鼻，轻蔑地批评,例句,Veteran audio fans may sniff at such ready-made stereo packages.,老音响迷可能对这种现成套装立体声音响不屑一顾。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Foreign Office sources sniffed at reports that British troops might be sent.,外交部消息人士对有可能派出英国军队报道不屑一顾。,sniff,38/107,释义,2,v.(at)to smell something,嗅，闻,例句,Officers used dogs to sniff out,hidden mine,.,警员们用狗来闻出,掩藏,地雷,。,翻译,Words,例句,He sniffed and found there was a smell of burning.,他,吸了吸,鼻子，发觉有一股烧焦味道。,翻译,sniff,39/107,释义,vt.,(fml)to complain or say that you are disappointed about something,埋怨,例句,People shouldnt underestimate their own capabilities and constantly bemoan their fate.,人们不应该低估自己然后自怨自艾,。,翻译,Words,例句,Universities and other research establishments bemoa