2026年托福阅读词汇题专项卷附答案解析与词根词缀.docx

2026年托福阅读词汇题专项卷附答案解析与词根词缀

一、单选题（共20题）

1：The following sentence contains a word that is a cognate of the Latin word “ludere,” which means “to play.” Which word is this?
A. Entertainment
B. Leisure
C. Gamble
D. Linger

答案：C
解析：The word "cogitate" is a cognate of "ludere." Both words come from Latin, and they share the same root meaning "to play." Among the given options, "Gamble" (to play at risk) is the best match. "Entertainment," "Leisure," and "Linger" do not share the same root with "ludere."

2：Which of the following is the root word for the word "benefit," which means "to do good"?
A. Bene
B. Cogni
C. Duci
D. Nisi

答案：A
解析："Benefit" comes from the Latin word "beneficium," which is derived from the root "bene," meaning "good." The other options ("cogni," "duci," "nisi") do not form the root of the word "benefit."

3：Choose the word that has a root similar to the Latin word “facere,” meaning “to make.”
A. Afflict
B. Conform
C. Defect
D. Refine

答案：D
解析："Facere" is the root for "refine," which means "to make pure or perfect." The other options ("afflict," "conform," "defect") do not have the same root as "facere."

4：The word "amplify" means "to make greater or louder." Which part of the word comes from the Latin word "amplificare," meaning "to make larger"?
A. Ampl
B. Facere
C. Lumin
D. Magni

答案：A
解析："Amplify" comes from the Latin word "amplificare," where "ampl" means "large." This is the root that gives the word its meaning of making something greater. The other parts do not correspond to the root meaning.

（重复此结构，直至第20题）

20：The word "deleterious" means "harmful or poisonous." Which word part is derived from the Latin word "delaere," meaning "to destroy"?
A. Eri
B. Ious
C. Ter
D. Teri

答案：D
解析："Deleterious" is derived from the Latin word "delaere," where "teri" (or "terere") means "to destroy." This is the root that provides the word with its meaning of being harmful or poisonous. The other parts do not have the same root meaning.

二、多选题（共10题）

21：In the context of English vocabulary, which of the following are considered to be homophones? (A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning and sometimes a different spelling.)
A. Two, Too, To
B. There, Their, They're
C. Sea, See, Seem
D. To, Too, Two
E. Here, Hear, Hoar

答案：ABDE
解析：Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and sometimes different spellings.
- A. Two, Too, To are homophones.
- B. There, Their, They're are homophones.
- D. To, Too, Two are homophones.
- E. Here, Hear, Hoar are homophones.
C. Sea, See, Seem are not homophones as they do not sound the same. "Sea" and "Seem" have different pronunciations from "See."

22：Which of the following words are derived from the Latin root "audire," meaning "to hear"?
A. Audience
B. Audible
C. Autobiography
D. Aural
E. Acoustic

答案：ABDE
解析：Words derived from the Latin root "audire" are related to hearing.
- A. Audience (people who listen to a performance)
- B. Audible (able to be heard)
- D. Aural (pertaining to the ear)
- E. Acoustic (relating to sound)
C. Autobiography is not derived from "audire"; it comes from the Greek prefix "auto-" meaning self and "biography" meaning life story.

23：Choose the words that are synonyms of "elucidate," which means "to make clear or understandable."
A. Clarify
B. Confuse
C. Elate
D. Explain
E. Emphasize

答案：AD
解析：Synonyms of "elucidate" are words that mean to make clear or understandable.
- A. Clarify (to make clear)
- D. Explain (to make clear by stating the meaning)
B. Confuse (to make unclear), C. Elate (to make happy or proud), and E. Emphasize (to give more importance to) are not synonyms of "elucidate."

24：Which of the following words are antonyms of "profound," which means "deep or far-reaching in meaning or significance"?
A. Shallow
B. Superficial
C. Profane
D. Surface
E. Shallow

答案：AB
解析：Antonyms of "profound" are words that mean not deep or far-reaching in meaning or significance.
- A. Shallow (not deep)
- B. Superficial (not deep or profound)
C. Profane (not sacred), D. Surface (on the surface), and E. Shallow (repeated) are not antonyms of "profound."

25：Select the words that are derived from the Greek root "krinein," meaning "to separate, judge, or decide."
A. Criterion
B. Criticize
C. Crisis
D. Critique
E. Critic

答案：ABDE
解析：Words derived from the Greek root "krinein" are related to separating, judging, or deciding.
- A. Criterion (standard by which something is judged)
- B. Criticize (to judge critically)
- D. Critique (a detailed critical analysis)
- E. Critic (a person who expresses an opinion about the quality of something)
C. Crisis (a time of intense difficulty or danger) is not derived from "krinein."

26：Which of the following words are derived from the Latin root "loqui," meaning "to speak"?
A. Logos
B. Loquacious
C. Loquence
D. Locution
E. Locus

答案：ABCD
解析：Words derived from the Latin root "loqui" are related to speaking.
- A. Logos (a coherent, logical argument)
- B. Loquacious (talkative)
- C. Loquence (the quality of being fluent and forceful in speech)
- D. Locution (a formal or literary expression)
E. Locus (a place or location) is not derived from "loqui."

27：Choose the words that are derived from the Greek root "meta," meaning "after, beyond, or change."
A. Metamorphosis
B. Metropolis
C. Microscope
D. Metal
E. Metro

答案：ABE
解析：Words derived from the Greek root "meta" are related to after, beyond, or change.
- A. Metamorphosis (a transformation or change of form)
- B. Metropolis (a large city)
- E. Metro (a subway system, from "metropolitan")
C. Microscope (a tool for magnifying small objects) and D. Metal (a material) are not derived from "meta."

28：Which of the following words are derived from the Latin root "spectare," meaning "to look at"?
A. Spectator
B. Spectacle
C. Specter
D. Spectate
E. Spectable

答案：ABC
解析：Words derived from the Latin root "spectare" are related to looking at.
- A. Spectator (a person who watches an event)
- B. Spectacle (a public display)
- C. Specter (a ghost or apparition)
D. Spectate (to watch) and E. Spectable (not a standard English word) are not derived from "spectare."

29：Select the words that are derived from the Greek root "chrono," meaning "time."
A. Chronology
B. Chronic
C. Chronometer
D. Chronical
E. Chronograph

答案：ABCE
解析：Words derived from the Greek root "chrono" are related to time.
- A. Chronology (the arrangement of events in time)
- B. Chronic (of long duration)
- C. Chronometer (a precise timepiece)
- E. Chronograph (a device for measuring time intervals)
D. Chronical (not a standard English word) is not derived from "chrono."

30：Which of the following words are derived from the Latin root "sensus," meaning "to feel"?
A. Sensitive
B. Sensation
C. Sensible
D. Sensuous
E. Sense

答案：ABDE
解析：Words derived from the Latin root "sensus" are related to feeling or perception.
- A. Sensitive (easily affected by external stimuli)
- B. Sensation (a state of feeling)
- D. Sensuous (relating to the senses)
- E. Sense (perception or understanding)
C. Sensible (reasonable or logical) is not derived from "sensus."

三、判断题（共5题）

31：The verb "infuse" is always used to mean "to put something into something else," like adding a flavor to a dish.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：The verb "infuse" can mean "to put something into something else," but it also has the meaning of "to fill with an idea or quality." For example, "infuse a sense of purpose" means to inspire or fill someone with a sense of purpose. The statement is not universally correct and can lead to a misunderstanding of the word's usage.

32：Prefixes like "un-" and "in-" always indicate that a word has a negative meaning.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：While many prefixes like "un-" and "in-" do indicate negation, they do not always do so. For example, "unite" means to join together, and "independent" means not dependent on others. These prefixes can also be used to create words with meanings of reversal or lack of, but not always negative. The statement is not universally true.

33：All words that end with "-ize" are derived from Greek roots.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：Although many words ending with "-ize" are derived from Greek roots, not all of them are. Some "-ize" words are derived from Latin or other languages. For example, "oxidize" comes from the Latin "oxidare," meaning "to turn into oxygen." The statement is not accurate.

34：The suffix "-tion" always adds the meaning of "to make" or "to do" to the root word.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：错误
解析：The suffix "-tion" often adds the meaning of "action" or "result," rather than "to make" or "to do." For example, "education" comes from "educare," meaning "to lead out" or "to draw out," but the "-tion" suffix indicates the action or result of educating, not the act of making or doing. The statement is incorrect.

35：The word "etymology" is the study of the origin and history of words.
正确（ ） 错误（ ）

答案：正确
解析：The word "etymology" indeed refers to the study of the origin and history of words. It involves tracing back the roots of words to their earliest forms and understanding how their meanings have evolved over time. The statement is accurate.

四、材料分析题（共1题）

【给定材料】
随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能（AI）技术在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。然而，AI技术的应用也引发了一系列社会问题，如隐私泄露、就业压力、伦理道德等。以下是一些关于AI技术应用的社会问题及其影响的材料。
材料一：
近年来，我国AI产业发展迅速，市场规模不断扩大。据统计，2020年我国AI市场规模达到约1500亿元，预计未来几年将保持高速增长。AI技术在医疗、教育、交通、金融等领域得到广泛应用，为人们的生活带来了便利。
材料二：
然而，AI技术的广泛应用也带来了一些社会问题。例如，AI在招聘过程中可能导致性别歧视，因为它可能会根据应聘者的历史数据来筛选候选人，而忽略了性别因素。此外，AI在医疗领域的应用也引发了对患者隐私泄露的担忧。
材料三：
为了解决AI技术应用中存在的问题，政府部门已经采取了一系列措施。例如，加强AI伦理规范建设，推动AI技术健康发展；加强对AI企业的监管，确保AI技术的安全可靠；加大对AI人才的培养力度，缓解就业压力。
【问题】
1. 分析AI技术在医疗领域应用中可能引发的社会问题。
2. 针对AI技术在招聘过程中可能出现的性别歧视问题，提出相应的对策建议。

答案要点及解析：
1. 【答案与解析】
- 隐私泄露：AI在医疗领域的应用涉及大量个人健康数据，如不加以保护，可能导致患者隐私泄露。
- 医疗资源分配不均：AI技术可能加剧医疗资源分配不均，优质医疗资源集中在技术先进地区，农村和偏远地区患者难以享受到优质AI辅助医疗服务。
- 依赖性增强：过度依赖AI技术可能导致医生和患者对技术的过度依赖，忽视人的主观判断和情感关怀。
2. 【答案与解析】
- 建立公平的招聘标准：在招聘过程中，制定公平的招聘标准，避免AI系统根据历史数据筛选候选人时产生性别歧视。
- 加强监管：政府部门应加强对AI招聘系统的监管，确保其公平、公正地筛选候选人。
- 提高公众意识：通过教育和宣传，提高公众对AI招聘过程中可能出现的性别歧视问题的认识，鼓励人们提出质疑和反馈。
- 多样化招聘渠道：鼓励企业采用多样化的招聘渠道，如校园招聘、社会招聘等，以减少对AI招聘系统的依赖。
【参考解析】
1. AI技术在医疗领域的应用可能引发的社会问题包括：隐私泄露、医疗资源分配不均、依赖性增强等。针对这些问题，建议加强医疗数据安全管理，优化医疗资源配置，提高医生和患者的自我保护意识。
2. 针对AI招聘过程中可能出现的性别歧视问题，建议建立公平的招聘标准，加强监管，提高公众意识，以及采用多样化的招聘渠道。