高考英语复习-语法突破篇-10-代词和介词短语市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,1,PART ONE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2,PART TWO,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,3,PART THREE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,4,PART FOUR,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,5,PART FIVE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考词汇精练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,CONTENTS,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,CONTENTS,01,02,03,04,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,目录,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,目录,CONTENTS,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,目录,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第十讲 代词和介词（短语）,01,02,代词,1.,人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,|,2.,指示代词,3.,不定代词,|,4.it,使用方法,介词（短语）,1.,常见介词使用方法,|,2.,固定搭配中介词,I.,单句语法填空,|,II.,单句改错,|,III.,翻译句子,|,IV.,语法填空,|,V.,短文改错,06,针对训练,1/66,代词,2/66,代词是,代替名词及起名词作用短语或句子词,。与汉语不一样，在英语中代词使用非常广泛。即使代词数量有限，但种类和改变却非常繁多。代词依据其使用方法特点可分为九类：,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词,等。,3/66,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,类型,词义,主格,宾格,形容词性,物主代词,名词性,物主代词,反身代词,我,I,me,my,mine,myself,你,you,you,your,yours,yourself,他,he,him,his,his,himself,她,she,her,her,hers,herself,它,it,it,its,its,itself,我们,we,us,our,ours,ourselves,你们,you,you,your,yours,yourselves,他们,they,them,their,theirs,themselves,4/66,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,1.,人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等成份。,2,形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语，修饰名词。名词性物主代词相当于,“,形容词性物主代词名词,”,，能够作主语、宾语和表语，只能单独使用，不能用于名词前。,3,反身代词通常表示动作承受者就是动作执行者，能够在句中作宾语、表语、同位语，有时候也能够作介词宾语。,5/66,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,She,was beautiful and could run faster than others.,她,(,那时,),很美而且比其它人跑得快。,He invited some friends of,his,to,his,party.,他邀请了他一些朋友参加宴会。,The child looked at,himself,in the mirror with interest.,那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里自己。,6/66,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,名师指津,含有反身代词习惯用语,by oneself,独自地,for oneself,亲自,of oneself,自动地,in oneself,本质上，本身,help oneself to,随便吃,/,用,enjoy oneself,玩得开心,teach oneself,自学,make yourself at home 别客气,say to oneself 自言自语,think for oneself 独立思索,seat oneself 就座,come to oneself 清醒，恢复知觉,be not oneself 身体不舒适,behave oneself 举止规矩,7/66,二、指示代词,指示代词,用 法,this/these,指在时间或空间上较近人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到人或物,that/those,指在时间或空间上较远人或事物；that 可指上文提到过人或物,such,指代前面所叙述人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于后面名词或代词数,so,代替一个句子或短语所表示事情，意思是“如此，这么”。在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess等词后用so代替前文提出观点,8/66,二、指示代词,What I want to say is,this,：,you should grasp every minute to finish your work.,我想说是，你应该抓住每一分钟时间完成你工作。,Such,is the power of the Internet that it can make a person suddenly famous.,这就是网络力量，它能够使人一夜成名。,The quality of education in this small school is better than,that,in some larger schools.,这所规模很小学校教学质量比有些规模较大学校教学质量还要好。,Studying Wendys menu,，,I found that many of the items are similar to,those,of McDonalds.,研究了温迪菜单，我发觉其中很多东西和麦当劳相同。,9/66,三、不定代词,1,不定代词基本使用方法,不定代词,用 法,each/both/all,each指“(二者或二者以上物或人中)每个”；both表示“二者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中)全部，全部”,either/neither,either表示“(二者中)任何一个”；neither表示“二者都不”,none/nothing,none,表示,“(,三者或三者以上,),全无，没有一点,”,；,nothing,表示,“,没有任何东西，没有事,”,another,another泛指“(三者或三者以上中)另一，又一”,other/others,other泛指“其余，另外”，只作定语。other可数名词复数others,the,other,/,the others,the other特指“(二者之中)另一个”。the other可数名词复数the others,10/66,三、不定代词,1,不定代词基本使用方法,As the two dictionaries are useful,Ill take,both,and,either,of them is very important to me.,因为这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常主要。,Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but,neither,of them wants to,because they have work to do.,拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。,You are a team star,！,Working with,others,is really your cup of tea.,你是队里明星！与他人一起工作确实是你所爱。,11/66,三、不定代词,2,复合不定代词使用方法,某,任,何,每,个,没,有,人,someone,/somebody,anyone,/anybody,everyone,/everybody,no one,/nobody,物,something,anything,everything,nothing,12/66,三、不定代词,2,复合不定代词使用方法,There is,something,in his words.We should have a try.,他说话不无道理，我们应该试一试。,Nobody,can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.,没有些人能连续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。,13/66,三、不定代词,3.,表示数量不定代词使用方法,代词,使用方法,表示意义,含义,few,修饰可数名词,否定含义,几乎没有,a few,修饰可数名词,必定含义,几个；一些,little,修饰不可数名词,否定含义,几乎没有,a little,修饰不可数名词,必定含义,少许；一点点,many,修饰可数名词,必定含义,许多,much,修饰不可数名词,必定含义,许多,14/66,三、不定代词,3.,表示数量不定代词使用方法,Few,of us can speak four foreign languages.,我们当中极少有些人会说四种外语。,She can speak,a little,French,，,but she knows,little,English.,她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。,15/66,四、,it,使用方法,指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。,Its,early spring,but,it,is already hot.,现在是初春，不过天气已经很热了。,1,16/66,四、,it,使用方法,指代前面提到过事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词,this,，,that,。,Although he didnt like,it,I decided to see the movie anyway.,尽管他不喜欢这部电影，我还是决定去看一看。,2,17/66,四、,it,使用方法,当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象性别时，能够用,it,来指代。,What will you call it if,it,is a boy?,要是男孩话，你会给他取个什么名字？,3,18/66,四、,it,使用方法,作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。,It,is dangerous for you to swim in the river.,你在这条河里游泳是危险。,(it,作形式主语，,to swim in the river,是真正主语,),He didnt make,it,clear when and where the meeting would be held.,他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。,(it,作形式宾语，从句,when and where.,是真正宾语,),4,19/66,介词（短语）,20/66,介词在句中,不能单独作句子成份,，介词后面普通有名词、代词或相当于名词其它词类、短语或从句作它宾语，表示与其它成份关系。介词能够分为,时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其它介词,。介词后面名词或代词称为介词宾语,(,假如是人称代词，则要用宾格,),，介词和介词宾语合在一起组成介词短语。,21/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示时间介词,(1)at,，,on,和,in,1,意 义,短 语,at,表示某个时间点、时刻等,at midnight“在午夜”；,at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”,on,表示在详细日子或详细某一天早晨、下午、晚上,on a rainy night“,在一个雨夜,”,；,on Christmas Eve“,在平安夜,”,in,表示在某段较长时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指早晨、下午、晚上等,in December“在十二月”；,in the morning“在早晨”,22/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示时间介词,(2)in,和,after,1,意 义,比 较,in,表示“在时间之内/之后”，所在句中必须表示未来。,He will be back,in,an hour.,他一小时后就回来。,He came back,after,an hour.,他一小时后回来了。,after,表示“在时间之后”，通常“after时间段”与过去时连用，“after时间点”与未来时连用。,23/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示方位介词,(1)above,，,below,，,over,，,under,，,on,和,beneath,2,意 义,例 句,above,在某物斜上方,The helicopter hovered above us.,直升机在我们上空盘旋。,below,在某物下方(不接触),They live,below,us,.,他们住我们楼下。,over,在某物正上方,There is a bridge,over,the river,.,河,上有一座桥。,24/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示方位介词,(1)above,，,below,，,over,，,under,，,on,和,beneath,2,意 义,例 句,under,在某物下方(能够接触),She put the letter,under,the pillow,.,她,把信放在枕头下。,on,在某物上面(二者接触),There is a book,on,the desk,.,桌子上有一本书。,beneath,在某物下面(二者接触),The soil felt soft beneath our feet.,我们脚下土踩上去很松软。,25/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示方位介词,(2)through,，,across,和,over,2,意 义,短 语,through,表示“从内部穿过”,through the forest,从森林穿过,across,表示,“,从,表面穿过,”,across the desert,穿过沙漠,over,表示“从上面越过”,jump over the fence,跨过篱笆墙,26/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示方位介词,(3)in,，,on,和,to,2,意 义,比 较,in,表示,“,在,范围内,”,Beijing lies in the north of China.,北京位于中国北部。(在范围内),Mongolia，which lies on/to the north of China，is a beautiful country.,位于中国北部蒙古，是一个漂亮国家。(毗邻，接壤/在范围外),Japan lies to the east of China.,日本位于中国东部。(在范围外),on,表示,“,毗邻，接壤,”,to,表示,“,在,范围外,”,27/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示交通方式,by,，,on,和,in,3,意 义,短 语,by,后可直接跟包括和不包括交通工具名词，名词前不加冠词,by sea,，,by air,，,by bike,，,by car,，,by train,on/in,后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语,on ones bike,，,in ones car,28/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示“原因、理由”介词：,for,，,at,，,with,，,from/of,4,意 义,短 语,for,常与表示闻名、奖罚、害怕等意义形容词或动词连用，如famous,known,praise,punish,tremble等,Xian is famous,for,its long history,.,西安,因历史悠久而著名,。,He trembled,for,fear.,他吓得发抖。,at,常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等形容词或过去分词(如happy,pleased,angry,delighted等)连用，表示产生这种情感原因,He was surprised,at,the news,.,听到这个消息他大吃一惊。,29/66,一、常见介词使用方法,表示“原因、理由”介词：,for,，,at,，,with,，,from/of,4,意 义,短 语,with,常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等抽象名词连用，强调伴随心理改变而产生感情改变,He shouted loudly,with,anger,.,他气得大喊大叫。,from/of,常与die连用，用of时通常指死于疾病、饥饿、衰老等，而用from则指因为受伤等外部原因而死,He died,from,the traffic accident,.,他因车祸而死亡。,He died,of,cancer.,他死于癌症。,30/66,一、常见介词使用方法,其它常见介词使用方法,(1)against,使用方法,5,含 义,例 句,反对；违反；,与相反,They got married against her parents wishes.,他们是违反她父母意愿结婚。,触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠,Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back,against,a big tree.,吉姆累了，背靠一棵大树便睡着了。,与,竞争,We will be competing against the best companies in Europe.,我们要和欧洲一些顶级企业竞争。,31/66,一、常见介词使用方法,其它常见介词使用方法,(1)against,使用方法,5,含 义,例 句,防范，抵抗,They took measures against the fire.,他们采取了防火方法。,以,为背景，衬托,The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.,在蓝天映衬下，山峰更显漂亮。,32/66,一、常见介词使用方法,其它常见介词使用方法,(2)beyond,使用方法,5,含 义,例 句,超出；非,可及,The whole problem was quite beyond him.,整个问题他根本无法了解。,(在空间上)在那一边，远于,The airport is 20 miles beyond the town.,机场在离城镇二十英里外地方。,(,时间,),晚于；迟于,The disco went on until beyond midnight.,迪斯科舞会一直连续到午夜以后。,33/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(1)at,n.,1,at a loss,不知所措,at peace,处于和平中,at war,在战争中,at work,在工作,34/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(2)at,the,n.,of,1,at the beginning of,在,开始,at the cost of,以,代价,at the risk of,冒,危险,at the mercy of,在,支配下；任由,摆布,35/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(3)on,n.,1,on exhibition/show,在展出,on fire,着火,on sale,出售，打折,on the way,在途中,on the decrease/increase,在降低,/,在增加,on holiday/vacation,在度假,36/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(4)on,n.,of,1,on account of,因为,on behalf of,代表,37/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(5)by,n.,1,by accident,偶然,by air/plane,乘飞机,by chance,偶然,by coincidence,恰巧,by hand,用手工,by mistake,错误地,by the day,按天算,by nature,天生地,38/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(6)in,n.,1,in cash,用现金付款,in depth,在深度上,in detail,详细地,in height,在高度上,in length,在长度上,in English,用英语,in return,作为回报,39/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(7)in,n.,of,1,in place of,代替,in possession of,拥有，占有,in charge of,掌管,in support of,为支持,in spite of,尽管,in favor of,支持，赞成,in case of,万一；假如；假如,in honour of,为向,表示敬意,in memory of,为了纪念,40/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(8)of,n.(,等于对应形容词,),1,of benefit,有益处,of help,有帮助,of importance,主要,of significance,有意义,of use,有用,of value,有价值,41/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(9)out of,n.,1,out of balance,失去平衡,out of breath,上气不接下气,out of control,不受控制,out of date,过期,out of order,出故障,out of sight,看不到,out of the question,不可能,out of work,失业,42/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(10)under,n.(,表示被动,),1,under attack,遭到攻击,under pressure,在压力下,under treatment,在治疗中,under control,处于控制之中,43/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(11)with,n.(,表示方式,),1,with delight/joy,高兴地,with difficulty,困难地,with ease,轻而易举地,with fear,害怕地,with pleasure,愿意地,44/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与名词惯用搭配,(12)beyond,n.,1,beyond compare,无与伦比,beyond reach,够不到,beyond description,难以描述,beyond expression/words,难以表示,45/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(1)be,adj.,about,2,be anxious about,忧虑,be curious about,对,好奇,be particular about,对,考究,/,挑剔,be worried/concerned about,对,担心,46/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(2)be,adj.,at,2,be angry at,因,生气,be good at,擅长,be astonished at,对,吃惊,be present at,出席,47/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(3)be,adj.,in,2,be absorbed in,专注于,be active in,主动于,be dressed in,穿着,be engaged in,忙于,be rich in,富含,be occupied in,忙于,48/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(4)be,adj.,for,2,be eager for,渴望,be famous for,以,著名,be fit for,适合，胜任,be ready for,准备好,be sorry for,对,感到抱歉,be prepared for,为,做好准备,49/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(5)be,adj.,from,2,be absent from,缺席,be different from,不一样于,be far from,远离,be free from,不受,影响,50/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(6)be,adj.,to,2,be close to,靠近,be devoted to,致力于,be equal to,等于,be familiar to,对,来说熟悉,be friendly to,对,友好,be harmful to,对,有危害,be kind to,对,友好,be similar to,与,相同,be grateful to,对,心存感激,51/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(7)be,adj.,of,2,be aware of,意识到,be fond of,喜欢,be proud of,因,而自豪,be short of,缺乏,52/66,二、固定搭配中介词,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(8)be,adj.,with,2,be busy with,忙于,be familiar with,对,熟悉,be combined with,与,结合,be patient with,对,有耐心,be popular with,受,欢迎,be pleased with,对,感到满意,by angry with(sb),对,(,某人,),发怒,53/66,二、固定搭配中介词,名师指津,(1),惯用,it,作形式主语或形式宾语句式：,It is a pity/shame that.,真可惜,/,丢人,It is no wonder that.,难怪,It seems/appears that.,似乎,/,看起来,It looks/seems as if/though.,看起来好像,It happens that.,恰巧,It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb that.,某人突然想起,It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that.,听说,/,据报道,/,据宣告,/,人们认为,/,人们希望,/,人们提议,It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth,做某事没有用,/,好处,/,浪费时间,It takes sb some time to do sth,做某事花费某人多长时间,It is a waste of time trying,to persuade him to change his mind.,试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。,54/66,二、固定搭配中介词,名师指津,主语表示情感倾向动词或动词短语,(enjoy,，,prefer,，,love,，,like,，,hate,，,dislike,，,appreciate,，,rely/count on,等,),it,that/if/when.,I would appreciate it if,you take my suggestion into consideration.,假如你考虑我提议我将感激不尽。,55/66,.,单句语法填空,1,The railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than,25,，,000 people were using _ every day.(,全国卷,),2,She plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.(,全国卷,),3,On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it)mother.(,全国卷,),4,My connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.(,全国卷,),5,Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(,全国卷,),it,in,its,to,on,56/66,.,单句语法填空,6,Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat _ their hands.(,全国卷,),7,The airplane flew _ the mountains and disappeared in the distance.,8,He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.,9,During the rush hour,，,I have been looking for a taxi but havent found _ yet.,10,Nowadays the universities are totally different from _ of the past.,with,over,it,one,those,57/66,.,单句语法填空,11,Feeling that I could not stand waiting in such a line any longer,，,I decided to join _ one.,12,So _ is no wonder that the building was named the UKs worst building.,13,When he came to life,，,he found _(he)lying on the ground,，,bleeding in the head.,14,I feel interested in the report on middle school students using cell phones on campus.In fact,，,more students now come to school _ cell phones.,15,In the winter of 1891,，,a certain college was having some trouble with _(it)boy students.,another,it,himself,with,its,58/66,.,单句语法填空,16,I hope my parents wont try to force me to do _(they)favorite job.,17,Both teams were in hard training;_ was willing to lose the game.,18,While staying in the village,，,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ return.,19,Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence._ the other hand,，,it could just put you in debt.,20,If we can change our attitude _ things in the world,，,we can certainly adjust our emotions.,their,neither,in,On,to/towards,59/66,.,单句改错,1,Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.(,全国卷,),2,They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.(,全国卷,),3,If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.,4,It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.,5,I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me.,both,或去掉,all,our,much,myself,60/66,.,单句改错,6,Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.,7,Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,，,changing some living patterns.,8,The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800s.,9,Im going to a conference in you town in May,，,from 16th to 20th.,10,Although he majored in art and literature in college,，,he had little interest in neither subject.,it,on,your,either,61/66,.,翻译句子,1,伴随时间流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。,2,听了她感人故事后，每个人都被感动得无以言表。,3,独居而不和他人来往没有好处。,4,他能否来珍妮生日聚会还不确定。,With time going by,，,they have grown into adult boys and adult girls.,Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.,It is no good living alone without keeping i