中考英语--基础知识归纳梳理-第一节-形容词和副词类单词词组辨析复习市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,形容词和副词类单词、词组辨析,1.alone，lonely,【解析】,alone作形容词或副词，意为“独自(地)；独立(地)；单独(地)”，作表语或状语，不可作定语。lonely作形容词，意为“孤独；寂寞；孤寂”，既可作表语又可作定语。,【,举例】,He likes living alone.他喜欢独居。,He is alone，but he doesnt feel lonely.他独自一人，但并不感到寂寞。,第1页,【应用】,()1.The old peasant lived in a(n)_ village far away，and he often feels _.,A.alone;lonely B.lonely;lonely,C.alone;alone D.lonely;alone,()2.Please dont leave me _.,A.lonesome B.lone C.alone D.lonely,()3.He felt even _ in the middle of this modern city even though he didnt live _.,A.lonelier;alone B.more alone;lonely,C.lonelier;alonely D.alone;lonely,B,C,A,第2页,2.aloud，loud，loudly,【解析】,(1)aloud作副词，意为“出声地；大声地”，常与read，call等动词连用，强调为了使人听见而发声，但声音不一定很大，通常不用于进行比较。,(2)loud作副词，意为“响亮地；高声地”，常与speak，talk，sing，laugh等动词连用，强调音量大、传输远，惯用比较级形式。loud也能够作形容词，意为“大声”。,(3)loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与 loud 相同，还常与 ring，knock 等动词连用，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”意味。,第3页,【举例】,Dont read aloud in the library.不要在图书馆里大声朗诵。,Please speak louder，or no one can hear you.请大声点讲，不然没有些人能听到你声音。,Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.突然，墙上铃大声地响起来。,第4页,【应用】,()1.The music is too _.Please turn it down.,A.loudly B.loud,C.aloud D.aloudly,()2.Dont talk so _.,A.loud B.loudly,C.aloudly D.aloud,()3.Please read the letter _ so that everybody can hear you.,A.aloud B.loud,C.loudly D.aloudly,B,B,A,第5页,3.be famous as.，be famous for.，be famous to.,【解析】,famous意为“著名；闻名”，相当于known/well-known。be famous as.意为“作为而著名”。be famous for.意为“以而著名”。be famous to sb.意为“广为人知；大家都熟悉”。,【举例】,Song Zuying is famous/known/well-known as a great singer.宋祖英作为一位了不起歌唱家而闻名。,Chongqing is famous/known/well-known for its spicy food.重庆以其辣食物而闻名。,Chairman Mao is famous to every Chinese.毛主席名字广为人知(中国人都知道毛主席)。,第6页,【应用】,()1.Guilin is famous _ her beautiful mountains and rivers.,A.as B.for C.to D.in,()2.He is famous _ a great inventor.,A.to B.for C.as D.with,()3.Obama is famous _ everyone in America.,A.for B.to C.as D.at,B,C,B,第7页,4.everyday，every day,【解析】,everyday是形容词，意为“天天；日常”，后面要接被修饰名词。every day是副词，意为“天天”放在句首或句末，用来修饰整个句子。,【举例】,In our everyday(daily)life，we dont very often meet an elephant.在日常生活中，人们极少见到大象。,I dont see her every day.我不是天天都见到她。,第8页,【应用】,()1.She was dressed in her _ clothes at the party.,A.every day B.everyday,C.casually D.usually,()2.She cant be with him _.,A.everyweek B.everyday,C.every day D.a day,()3.How do you go to school _?,A.Monday B.every day,C.everyday D.weekday,B,C,B,第9页,5.good，well,【解析】,二者都有“好”意思。good是形容词，意为“好”。well作副词时意为“好地”；作形容词时意为“身体好；健康”；作名词时意为“井”；well还能够作语气词。,【举例】,Jim is a good student.吉姆是位好学生。,He cannot speak English well.他英语说得不流利。,Well，Im quite well/fine.哦，我身体很好。,第10页,【应用】,()1.Im not feeling _ today.,A.nicely B.well,C.good D.badly,()2.Thats a _ place to have fun.,A.wonderfully B.terribly,C.good D.well,()3.His sister is a _ singer.She sings _.,A.nice;good B.wonderful;badly,C.good;well D.well;beautifully,B,C,C,第11页,6.high/low，dear/cheap,【解析】,这四个词都可用来形容物品价值，既能够作表语也能够作定语。,(1)high意为“价格高”，反义词为low“价格低”，强调某物价格高低。常见短语有at a low/high price 以低廉/高昂价格。,附：除了表示价格，high，low还能够表示嗓音、海拔、血压等高低。,(2)dear/expensive意为“贵”，反义词为cheap/inexpensive“廉价”，强调某物贵贱。,第12页,【举例】,Bill bought an iPod at a very low price.比尔以非常低价格买了个iPod。,That hotel serves more expensive food than that in this restaurant.那家旅店食物比这个餐馆贵多了。,Bills iPod is really cheap.比尔iPod真很廉价。,【应用】,()1.The price of the pen is _ for him.He cant afford it.,A.low B.cheap C.high D.expensive,C,第13页,()2.This is an _ hat,but it has really good quality.,A.dear B.high C.inexpensive D.expensive,()3.Who asked you to scream at such a _ voice?,A.high B.low C.big D.small,7.other，else,【解析】,二者都可表示“别；其它”。,(1)other在句子中作定语，在普通情况下，它经常修饰复数可数名词，放在被修饰名词前面。,D,A,第14页,(2)else 只修饰something，anything，nothing，nobody，anybody等不定代词或who，whose，what，when，where等特殊疑问词，并放在它们后面。,【举例】,I dont know if other students will be interested in this story.我不知道是否有其它学生将对这个故事感兴趣。,She said that she had nothing else to do.她说她没有其它事可做。,第15页,【应用】,()1.We went _ except Tiananmen Square.,A.nowhere else B.else places,C.else nowhere D.somewhere else,()2.Mary is here，but the _ are still out in the campus.,A.else girls B.other girls,C.other girl D.rest girls,()3.What _ do you need?,A.other toys B.toys else,C.else toys D.other,A,B,A,第16页,8.a few,few,a little,little,【解析】,a few,few,a little,little均可充当形容词修饰名词，其中a few,few修饰复数可数名词，a little,little修饰不可数名词；a few,a little表示必定意义，few,little表示否定意义。,附：(1)假如有only,just，quite等词修饰，我们通常说only/just/quite a few/little。,(2)a little还能够修饰形容词或副词原级和比较级，如：a little fat有点胖；a little faster 更加快一点点。,第17页,【举例】,I read a few books of this famous writer recently.最近我读过这位著名作家几本书。,Few students can work out this problem,can they?极少有学生能算出这道题，是吗？,Dont worry.We still have a little money left.别担心，我们还剩下一点钱。,Theres little ink in the bottle.I need to buy some.瓶子里面几乎没有墨水了，我得去买些。,第18页,【应用】,()1.It is good for the fish to have _ water plants in the tank(鱼缸)to keep the water pure.,A.little B.a little C.few D.a few,()2.The twins can speak _ French,can they?,A.a few B.few C.little D.a little,()3.We need to put _ salt on the fish so as to make it salty.,A.a few B.few C.a little D.little,D,C,C,第19页,()4.There are _ people in front of me in the queue.I have to wait for a long time.,A.very little B.only a few,C.quite a few D.quite a little,()5.David often plays alone.He has _ friends.,Yes.He is too shy to make friends.,A.little B.a little,C.a few D.few,C,D,第20页,9.too many，too much，much too,【解析】,(1)too many意为“太多”，用作形容词，中心词是many，修饰复数可数名词。,(2)too much意为“太多”，能够用作形容词，中心词是much，修饰不可数名词。too much也能够作副词或代词。,(3)much too意为“太”，作副词，中心词是too，后接副词或形容词。,第21页,【举例】,They built too many buildings last year.去年他们建了太多楼房。,Weve had too much rain lately.最近我们这里雨下得太多了。,Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health？电视看得太多对你健康有益还是有害？,He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了。,第22页,【应用】,()1.Americans eat _ meat，in my opinion.,A.so many B.too many,C.too much D.much too,()2.The luggage is _ heavy.I can hardly move it.,A.too much B.so much,C.much too D.many too,()3.Today，_ trees are being cut down each single day.,A.too many B.many too,C.too much D.much too,C,C,A,第23页,10.so.that.，such.that.,【解析】,二者都能够引导结果状语从句，均表示“如此以至于”。但so在此作副词，其后只能接形容词或副词，而such是形容词，其后只能接名词。,熟记以下句型：(1)so,adj,./,adv,.that从句=such,adj,.复数名词/不可数名词that从句。,(2)so,adj,.a/an单数名词that从句=sucha/an,adj,.单数名词that从句。,第24页,【举例】,These flowers are so beautiful that I want to have them all.=These are such beautiful flowers that I want to have them all.这些花是如此美以至于我想拥有它们全部。,The weather was so terrible that we had to stay at home all day.=It was such terrible weather that we had to stay at home all day.天气是如此糟糕以至于我们不得不一整天待在家里。,第25页,【应用】,()1.Dave is _ young that he cant go with us.,A.such B.so C.too D.enough,()2.Its _ day!Lets go for an outing!,A.such a beautiful B.so a beautiful,C.such beautiful a D.so beautiful an,()3.It was _ lovely weather _ we decided to spend the day on the beach.,A.such a；that B.such；that,C.such；as D.so；that,B,A,B,第26页,11.pleasant，pleased,【解析】,(1)pleasant是形容词，意为“令人愉快；可喜；宜人；吸引人”。其反义词为unpleasant。,(2)pleased是形容词，意为“高兴；满意”，惯用来表示某人感受。常考搭配为be pleased with.,【举例】,We need a pleasant environment to work in.我们需要一个舒适工作环境。,She was very pleased with her sons exam results.她对她儿子考试成绩很满意。,Im so pleased to hear from you again.再次收到你来信，我好开心。(句中pleased可用glad/happy代替),第27页,【应用】,()1.What a _ night！,A.pleasant B.please,C.pleasure D.pleased,()2.Shes _ to see you.,A.pleased B.pleasing,C.pleasure D.pleasant,A,A,第28页,12.maybe，may be,【解析】,(1)maybe是副词，相当于perhaps，意为“可能；可能”。,(2)may be 是由情态动词maybe组成，意思是“可能是；可能是”，位于句子中间，作谓语。,【举例】,Maybe you left your mobile phone in the office.或许你把手机忘在办公室了。,Your mobile phone may be in the office.=Maybe your mobile phone is in the office.你手机或许在办公室。,第29页,【应用】,()1.Wheres Joanne？Im not sure.She _ in her office.,A.maybe B.may be,C.may D.might is,()2._ he wasnt angry with you.,A.Maybe B.Might,C.May D.May be,B,A,第30页,13.ever，never，even,【解析】,ever惯用于完成时疑问句，表示“曾经”；也可用于否定句，表示“在任何时候；从来”。never表示“从未”。even表示“甚至；更”，常接形容词或副词比较级。,【举例】,Have you ever been to Mount Tai？你曾经去过泰山吗？,Im not sure Ill ever trust her again.我不确定是否还会再次信任她。,It was so cold even after I put on my cotton coat.天好冷，甚至在我穿上棉衣后还是很冷。,第31页,【应用】,()1.Thats even _.,A.bad B.badder C.worse D.worst,()2.Neither of us had _ skied.,A.never B.ever C.even D.forever,()3.Shes never been to the Great Wall,_ she?,A.is B.isnt C.hasnt D.has,C,B,D,第32页,14.either，too，also，as well,【解析】,它们都能够表示“也”。either用于否定句，表示“也不”，置于句末，通常有逗号隔开。too用于必定句或普通疑问句，置于句末，有逗号隔开，较口语化。also通惯用于必定句，位于行为动词前面，助动词后面，较正式。as well通惯用于必定句中，置于句末，不用逗号隔开，较口语化。,第33页,【举例】,My friend doesnt like soap operas.I dont like them，either.我朋友不喜欢肥皂剧，我也不喜欢。,If youve passed the driving test，I guess I will pass，too.假如你已经经过了驾照考试，我猜测我也能够经过。,Cris can speak Spanish and Chinese，and he can also speak English.克里斯会讲西班牙语和汉语，他也会讲英语。,There are apple trees on either side of the path，and roses as well.小径两边都有苹果树，还有玫瑰。,第34页,【应用】,()1.Besides Henry，Paige wants to join the club，_.,A.too B.also C.either D.neither,()2.I havent been to Korea.Coco hasnt，_.,A.either B.too C.also D.as well,()3.Jackys a French teacher.Toms _ a wonderful French teacher.,A.too B.as well C.also D.either,A,A,C,第35页,15.either，neither,【解析】,二者都能够作形容词或代词。作形容词时，普通接单数名词；作代词时，普通接动词单数形式。,(1)either作形容词时意为“(二者中)任一”；作代词时意为“二者中任何一个”，表必定。,(2)neither作形容词时意为“(二者中)都不”；作代词时意为“二者都不”，表否定。,附：(1)either还可作副词，意为“也不”，表否定。,(2)either.or.“要么；要么”；neither.,nor.“既不；也不”。,第36页,【举例】,Either road is straight.两条路都是直。,Either of the boys knows the way.两个男孩都知道路。,Which day will be OK for you？(两天中)哪一天你比较方便？,Either is OK.任何一天都行。,Neither girl has brought the passport.两个女孩都没有带护照。,Neither of those men reads The Times.那两个男人都不读泰晤士报。,第37页,Which would you like，tea or Coke？茶和可乐你更喜欢哪一个？,Neither，I prefer coffee.都不喜欢，我喜欢咖啡。,If you wont go，me，either.=If you wont go，neither/nor will I.假如你不去，我也不去。,Either you or your father must see this young man today.你或是你父亲今天必须见这位年轻人。,He could speak neither English nor German.他既不会讲英语也不会讲德语。,第38页,【应用】,()1.Willows are planted on _ sides of the street.,A.either B.each C.neither D.both,()2.Which do you prefer,milk or coffee?,_ will do,I dont particularly mind.,A.Neither B.Either C.Both D.None,()3.Brian didnt cry，_ did Bruce.,A.either B.none C.also D.neither,D,B,D,第39页,()4.Jane knows neither French _ English.,A.but also B.and,C.or D.nor,()5.Either my parents or my brother _ there before.,A.has been B.have been,C.has gone D.have gone to,D,A,第40页,16.each，every,【解析】,二者均表示“每一个；每一；每个”。each通常作形容词或代词，指二者或二者以上“每一个”，强调个体，既可用作限定词，也可单独作主语或宾语，后面能够接of。every多作形容词，指三者或三者以上“每一个”，强调整体，不能单独使用，也不能够接of。every还有重复重复意思，如 every three weeks。,第41页,【举例】,Each of them has an apple.他们每人都有一个苹果。,She knows each student of the class.她认识班级里每个学生。,She knows every student of the class.她认识班级里全部学生。,I visit my grandparents every two weeks.我每两周探望我祖父母一次。,第42页,【应用】,()1.He gave _ of his parents a book.,A.each B.every C.both D.all,()2.There are flowers on _ side of the avenue.,A.all B.each C.every D.neither,()3.You should check your body _ two years.,A.every B.each C.both D.all,A,B,A,第43页,17.how often，how many times，how soon，how long，how far,【解析】,疑问副词能够与一些词组成复合疑问词组，如how often,how many等。,(1)how often意为“多久一次”，对频率提问，常见答语为频度副词always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，hardly，never和once a week，twice a month，three or four times a year，every day，every 2 weeks等。,第44页,(2)how many times意为“多少次”，对次数提问，常见答语为once，twice，three times等。,(3)how soon意为“过多久”，对未来要发生动作时间提问，常见答语为 in时间段。,(4)how long意为“连续多久；多长”，对动作连续时间或物体长度提问，常见答语为 for时间段；since时间段ago；since时间点；.meters/kilometers/miles等。,(5)how far意为“多远”，对距离提问，常见答语为.meters/kilometers/miles away；.minutes/hours walk/drive/flight等。,第45页,【举例】,How often do you practice speaking English？你多久练习一次英语口语？,Every day.天天(都练习)。,How many times has your uncle been to South Africa？你叔叔去过南非多少次？,Hes been there five times.他去过那里五次。,How soon will the new stadium be built？新体育馆什么时候将会建成？,In half a month.半个月后。,How long will the meeting last？会议将连续多久？,第46页,For about 3 days.大约三天。,How long is this river？这条河有多长？,1,843 meters.1,843米。,How far is the nearest international airport？最近国际机场有多远？,15 minutes bus ride.15分钟车程。,第47页,【应用】,()1._have you been to China?,Five times.,A.How soon B.How long,C.How often D.How many times,()2._ will the manager come back？,Maybe in three days.,A.How often B.How long,C.How soon D.How far,()3.I dont know _ his new apartment is from here.Maybe 10 minutes by bike.,A.how long B.how soon,C.how often D.how far,D,C,D,第48页,()4._ does he take this medicine?,Twice a day.,A.How soon B.How long,C.How much D.How often,()5._ have you been in this factory?,I have been here since 1993.,A.When B.How long,C.How often D.How far,D,B,第49页,18.sometimes，some times，sometime，some time,【解析】,sometimes 作副词，意为“有时候”，同义词组为at times。some times 意为“几次”，此时time作可数名词，作“次数”解。sometime作副词，意为“某个时候”，可指过去或未来某个时候。some time意为“某段时间”，常与for连用。,巧记：分开是“一段”，相连为“某时”；分开s是“倍、次”，相连s是“有时”。,第50页,【举例】,Every man is a fool sometimes，and none at all times.每个人有时都会犯傻，但没有谁会一直都傻。,I am sure that we have met some times before.我必定我们之前见过几次了。,Well take our holiday sometime in August.我们会在八月某个时间去度假。(未来),I bought this sometime last summer.这是我去年夏天某个时候买。(过去),We plan to stay in Hainan for some time.我们打算在海南待上一段时间。,第51页,【应用】,()1.Kate will be back _ in February.,A.sometime B.some time,C.sometimes D.some times,()2.This room is _ bigger than that one.,A.sometimes B.some times,C.some time D.sometime,()3.I hear from him _.,A.sometime B.some time,C.sometimes D.some times,()4.She said that she would stay there for _.,A.some times B.sometimes,C.sometime D.some time,A,B,C,D,第52页,