非谓语动词动词ing形式和动词ed形式市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

非谓语动词（动词-ing形式和动词-ed 形式）,第1页,性质,非谓语动词含有动词特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语，即：,除谓语以外一切成份。,第2页,及物与不及物,语态,类别 时 态,vt.,vi.,主动语态,被动语态,主动语态,-ing,普通式:(与谓语动词同时发生),making,being made,going,完成式:,(先于谓语动词发生),having made,(不作定语）,having been made,(不作定语),having gone,(不作定语),-ed,只有普通式:不强调时间先后，只说明原因、条件等,made(表被动),gone(表完成),非谓语动词时态&语态对照表,第3页,v,.-ing,1作主语,Seeing is believing.,注意：,it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但以下句型惯用动名词：,It is+no good(no use,fun,a waste of time,)+doing,第4页,2作表语,His job is washing and cooking.,3作定语,This is her father,s walking stick.,4作宾语,When he came in,we all stopped talking.,注意：,mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escape consider,admit(认可)，advise,appreciate,avoid,finish,face,practise,suggest,stop,delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,pay attention to等动词以及介词后接动名词作宾语。,第5页,C,跟踪演练,Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.,A.having heldB.to hold,C.holdingD.hold,【解析】,选C。suggest后面要接动名词作宾语，A项是动名词完成式表示发生在谓语动词suggested之前 一个动作，由句意可知不合题意。,第6页,5.作状语：,时间状语：Reading the letter,I couldn,t help thinking of my school life.,原因状语：Being ill,I didn,t go to school yesterday.,方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.,第7页,跟踪演练,A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,_all four people on board.,A.killedB.killing,C.killsD.to kill,【,解析】,选B。句中逗号后没有任何连词，所以不是并列谓语，可排除A项；C项时态不对也可排除；现在分词killing可作状语表示飞机坠毁结果，而不定式作结果状语时往往用only to do形式。,B,第8页,playing,having kept,6,v.,-ing时态：普通式和完成式,（1）假如动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用普通式。,We are interested in _ chess.,（2）假如动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前，通惯用完成式。,Im sorry for not _ my promise.,（3）在一些词后，惯用普通式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示动作之前发生。,On hearing the bad news,she cried.,Ill never forget seeing that film for the first time.,第9页,7.,v.,-ing 语态,doing,being done,having done having been done,（1）,He was afraid of _ at home.,（2）,The house showed no sign of _.,注意：,有些,v,.-ing在句中虽是主动形式，却有被动含义。,The house requires/needs/wants repairing.,The book is worth reading.,being left,having been,damaged,第10页,8.固定句型,(1)There is no use/good/sense/harmdoing sth.做某事没用(不好/没意义/没有坏处),(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time/fun (in)doing,(3)spend/waste/lose time(in)doing sth.,(4)There is no.doing sth.(there is no 表“不可能”),第11页,9.使用,v.,-ing几个,注意点,(1)作状语用现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事。比如：,Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）(StandingWhen we stood),Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（误）,第12页,(2)短暂动词（即瞬间动词）现在分词被动式不可作宾语补足语或定语。比如：,He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knocked down),第13页,v.,-ed 形式,1.作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.,2.作表语：The glass is broken./When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.,3.作宾语补足语：You must get/have your hair cut.,4.作状语：Given more time,we can do the work much better.,第14页,跟踪演练,1.Now that weve discussed our problem,are people happy with the decisions _?,A.takingB.take C.taken D.to take,【解析】,选C。句意：既然我们已经讨论了我们问题，人们对我们做决定满意吗？decision和take之间是被动关系，而A、B、D三项均表示主动，不合题意。,C,第15页,C,2._by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.,A.Being encouragedB.Encouraging,C.EncouragedD.Having encouraged,【解析】,选C。encourage与主句主语many farmers之间为逻辑上动宾关系，所以应用被动形式，故排除B、D两项；A项表示该动作正在进行，不符合题意；Encouraged by the advances in technology为过去分词短语作原因状语。,第16页,v,.-ing被动式与过去分词使用方法区分,1.作宾语时，,v,.-ing普通被动式表示一个正在发生被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过被动动作或没有时间性状态。比如：Do you see the hospital built(建好)/being built(正在建造)there?,2.作原因状语，,v,.-ing被动式与过去分词能够交换。比如：Being led(Led)by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.,3.作方式或伴随状语，不用,v,.-ing被动式，而用过去分词。比如：The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.,第17页,4.作时间状语，若动作先于句子谓语动作发生，且有详细过去时间，不可用,v,.-ing普通被动式或完成被动式。比如：Built in 1192,the bridge was very useful.,假如没有详细过去时间状语，可用过去分词或,v,.-ing完成被动式。比如：Discussed(Having been discussed)many times,the problem was settled at last.,假如要强调分词状语动作发生时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用,v,.-ing完成被动式，而不用过去分词。比如：Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.,第18页,5.在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾语补足语，不用,v,.-ing被动式或不定式被动式作宾语补足语。比如：,I,ll have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut),He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired),6.在make,order,want,like,wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾语补足语，少用,v,.-ing被动式作宾语补足语。比如：,The speaker couldn,t make himself heard.(普通不说being heard),第19页,7.心理状态动词,-ing形式与-ed形式,所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意义，使人产生某种情感、心理改变动词。比如：surprise使诧异；interest使感兴趣。它们-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。比如：surprising令人诧异；interesting令人感兴趣；surprised（因）感到诧异；interested（因）感兴趣。下面句子可显示二者区分：,The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.,She was much surprised at the surprising news.,第20页,8.get,become,look,seem,appear,remain等系动词后都可跟done,表示被动或主语状态，如remain seated/hidden,get paid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。,注：,惯用be done介词短语表示所处状态，以下：,be addicted to沉迷于,be absorbed in全神贯注于,be aimed at意在/意图,be armed with有装备,be buried in埋葬在,第21页,be based on/upon以 为基础,be burdened with担负着,be crowded with挤满了,be covered with/by覆盖着,be coated with涂抹了,be combined with与联合,第22页,be compared with与相比较,be caught in陷入,be lost in沉迷于,be concerned about关心,be dressed in穿着,be devoted to专心致志于,be divided into分成(几份/几组),be designed/meant/intended for 专为而设计,be engaged in忙于,第23页,be engaged to sb.与某人订婚,be fixed on专注于,be faced with面临着,be filled with装满了,be greeted with受到了问候,be grown up 已经长大了,be hidden in躲在,be linked to与相关,第24页,be connected with与相连/相关,be made of/from/up of 由制成/组成,be known as/for/to以著称/因著名/,为所知,be loaded with载有,第25页,be located in/on/at位于,be married(to sb.)与某人结婚,be paved with铺着,be replaced with更换为,be related to/with与相关,be separated from与隔开,be shouldered with担负着,be stationed in驻扎在,be surrounded with/by四面围绕着,第26页,9.固定使用方法,generally/frankly/roughly speaking普通说来/坦白说/粗略地说,considering 鉴于/考虑到,judging by/from从来看，依据来判断,supposing/suppose that假定,providing that 假定,according to依据,第27页,including包含,owing to因为,talking/speaking of 谈及,given考虑到,provided that假如,第28页,10.连词分词(短语),有时为了使非谓语动词短语与主句逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。连词有when，while，if，unless，though，after,before,as等。但分词主语和主句主语必须一致。,第29页,（1）感官动词带宾语补足语结构,see,observe，,hear,notice,watch,feel，,look at,listen to,宾语,do sth.(主动，全过程或经常性动作),doing(主动，正在进行),done(与宾语是被动关系),注意:,若感官动词在被动语态中，则要还原to。,11.分词作宾语补足语,第30页,(2)get/send 带宾语补足语结构,get/send宾语doing表示“使起来”，动作由静止到运动并连续下去。,get宾语to dolet/have sb.do表示“让某人做某事”。,get宾语donehave sth.done表示“使某事被做”。,send宾语to do表示“派某人去做某事”。,(3)make带宾语补足语结构,使役动词make宾语do/done；宾语与do为主动关系，与done是被动关系；若make 在被动语态中，要还原to。,第31页,（4）have带宾语补足语结构,have,宾语,to do意为“有某事要做”(主语本人做),to be done意为“有要做事情”(不是主语本人做),do意为“让某人做某事”,doing意为“让某人一直做某事”,done意为“让人做了某事”或“遭遇某事”,第32页,（5）keep/leave宾语doing(主动,且连续进行)/done(被动),（6）catch宾语doing表示“发觉某人正在做某事”，宾语与doing为主动关系，且动作正在进行。,（7）find宾语doing(主动，正在进行)/done(被动、状态或完成),第33页,课堂小结,英语非谓语动词题七条经典标准,标准一：用作目标状语，标准上要用不定式,标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上要用现在分词,标准三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式,标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词,标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语标准上应与主句主语保持一致,第34页,标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，标准上要用完成时,标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准是：用不定式，表示动作还未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义,第35页,分析句子结构,区分“谓语与非谓语”,找逻辑主语,普通来说，作状语非谓语动词逻辑主语是句子主语；非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，其逻辑上动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。作宾语补足语非谓语动词逻辑主语是宾语；作定语非谓语动词逻辑主语是被修饰词。,分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,第36页,D,跟踪演练,1._many times,he finally understood it.,A.ToldB.Telling,C.Having toldD.Having been told,【解析】,选D。此处为非谓语动词作状语，与句子主语he之间为被动关系，故可排除B、C两项。依据前后 句逻辑关系，非谓语动词应用完成时态表示动作发生在句子谓语动词understood之前。故选D。,第37页,C,2.The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,A.produced B.being produced,C.to be produced D.having been produced,【解析】,选C。句意：下月将要完成那个戏剧主要是为了反应当地文化。play与produce之间为被动关系，又因next month为未来时间，而A项指过去已完成动作；B项指正在被完成动作；而D项经常作状语，也表示已经完成动作，均可排除，故选C。,第38页,3.Hurry up,Mary!Its time to go.,Im getting _.Have a little patience.,A.dressB.dressing,C.to dress D.dressed,【解析】,选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽,快点，我们该走了。稍等一下，我正在穿衣服呢。get dressed 是一个固定词组，表示“穿衣服”。故选D。,D,第39页,A,4.He is rather difficult to make friends with,but his friendship,_,is more true than any others.,A.once gainedB.when to gain,C.after gainingD.while gaining,【解析】,选A。这里“once gained”是once the friendship is gained 省略形式，由此可知，the friendship 与gain 之间存在被动关系，故选A。,第40页,5.With a report _ about the accident,I have to find some witnesses for help.,A.writeB.writing C.written D.to write,【解析】,选D。考查非谓语动词。with 后面非谓语动词有三种形式，过去分词惯用来表示动作完成或被动，现在分词表示主动或进行，不定式表示动作还没有发生。从“I have to find some witnesses for help”可知关于这次事故汇报还没有写，故选D。,D,第41页,1.(浙江高考)_ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.,A.Hearing B.Hear,C.Having heard D.To be hearing,【解析】,选A。考查非谓语动词使用方法。句意:听到他人对你刚读过书反应会增添一份喜悦。该句谓语动词为creates,you have just read是修饰book定语从句,空格处需要是句子主语,该动作又是一个主动动作,所以该主语应该用动名词短语充当,故选A。非谓语动词短语动作和主句谓语动作几乎同时发生,C项完成形式时间与句意不符。,高考链接,第42页,2.(江苏高考)Lionel Messi,_ the record for the most goals in a calendar year,is considered the most talented football player in Europe.,A.setB.settingC.to setD.having set,【解析】,选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:里奥内尔梅西曾在一年内创造最多得分统计,所以他被认为是欧洲最有天赋足球运动员。由句子谓语动词is considered可知此题考查非谓语动词形式,主语与set之间为主谓关系,且表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,故用现在分词完成式形式。,第43页,3.(天津高考10)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words_ in daily conversations.,A.usingB.to use,C.having usedD.used,【解析】,选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:在一些语言中,100个单词就能组成日常交际中所用到二分之一词汇。分析句子成份可知,use作words定语,words与use之间是被动关系,故选D。,第44页,4.(安徽高考32),in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.,A.To foundB.Founding,C.FoundedD.Having founded,【解析】,选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:这所建于20世纪早期学校一直激励孩子们对艺术热爱。本句主语是the school,与found之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,故选C。,第45页,5.(全国卷28)The party will be held in the garden,weather _.,A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.permit,【解析】,选A。考查独立主格结构。句意:假如天气允许,晚会就在花园里举行。依据句子结构可知,此处weather permitting是独立主格结构,相当于if weather permits。,第46页,6.(重庆高考23)_to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.,A.Having been asked B.To ask,C.Having asked D.To be asked,第47页,【解析】,选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩电影。非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,且所表示动作发生在谓语动词missed之前,故应用现在分词完成被动形式。having been asked既表被动,又表完成,在句中作原因状语;to ask表主动和目标;having asked表完成和主动;to be asked表被动和目标。故选A。,第48页,7.(安徽高考24)I remembered _ the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.,A.locking B.to lock C.having locked D.to have locked,【解析】,选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:在离创办公室前我记住了关门,不过忘记了关灯。remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”,remember doing sth.意为“记得以前做过某事”。本题是对发生在过去情况客观陈说,依据but可知前后是相互对立两件事情,即“记住了关门而忘记了关灯”,故选择B项。,第49页,8.(湖南高考23)Time,_correctly,is money in the bank.,A.to use B.used C.using D.use,【解析】,选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:时间假如用得正确话,就是存在银行里钱。time与use组成逻辑上动宾关系,故用过去分词形式表被动。B项为过去分词形式,符合题意;A项为动词不定式;C项为现在分词形式;D项为动词原形。,第50页,