英语ⅴ译林版unit2资料.pptx

英语,译林版,unit2,资料,1/137,2/137,Tiny beetles kill Canadian trees,全球气候日益变暖造成了一系列环境问题，植物虫灾就是其中之一。小小甲虫能够吃掉大片森林，这一现象不能不引发全世界广泛关注！,3/137,Winter is coming and in the western Canadian Province of British Columbia,，,hungry larvae,，,or young beetles(,甲虫,),，,are busily eating.In recent years,，,the larvae of the mountain pine beetles have made their way through huge forests,，,killing a third of the oldest trees in British Columbia.,4/137,The young beetles hatched beneath the bark(,树皮,)of pine trees from eggs laid in early summer would eat a lot in early winter to grow into adulthood.,“Weve lost a lot of wood,，”,says Rodney DeBoice,，,an expert on beetle control for the province.,DeBoice says one reason why so many trees are dying is that the beetles find it easier to chew into older treesand more trees are living longer thanks to modern fire prevention.,5/137,Not only are there more old trees,，,but also there are a lot more beetles.A few years ago,，,colder winters helped control beetle numbers by killing many of them.Warmer winters mean more survivors.,“Temperatures need to stay lower than 40 degrees below zero to put a large dent in the population,，”,explains DeBoice.So a lot more beetles are surviving and eating.,6/137,The pine beetles find shelter and food in the pine trees where they spend most of their life.In early summer,，,females no larger than the head of a match lay tiny eggs that develop into larvae in the fall.The hungry larvae eat away at the trees life system through the winter.Once they chew a ring all the way around the tree,，,water and nutrients can no longer flow throughout the tree and it dies.,Experts say by the year,80 percent of British Columbias mature pines will be dead.,7/137,Help,：,mature,adj,.fully grown and developed,成熟,Find the words in the passage that fit the following descriptions.,1,_,：,to come out of an egg(in Para.2),2,_,：,a reduction in the amount of something(in Para.6),Key,：,1.hatch,2.dent,8/137,Section Welcome to the unit&Reading,9/137,10/137,.,短语翻译,把以下短语分别译成英语或汉语。,1,对,关心,_,2,肩并肩地，一起,_,3,砍伐,_,4,大批，大量,_,5,对,/,因,感到兴奋,_,6,open the floor _,11/137,7,wipe out _,8,cut back on _,9,the key to _,10,run out of _,【,答案,】,1.be concerned about,2.side by side,3.cut down 4,large amounts/numbers of,5.be excited about,6.,自由讲话,7,毁灭，扫除,8.,削减，降低,9.,关键,10.,用完，耗尽,12/137,.,课文了解,依据课文内容，选择最正确答案。,11,Mr Lin Shuiqing is talking about_.,A,how industrial waste damages the world,B,how much of the world is damaged by industrial waste,C,how many creatures are damaged by industrial waste,D,how bad pollution in the world is,【,答案,】,A,13/137,12,What can we infer(,推断,)from the sentence“This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat”,？,A,We should not eat so much fish.,B,We will have more and more fish to eat.,C,We will not have enough fish to eat one day.,D,We will be affected by the number of fish left.,【,答案,】,C,14/137,13,Mr Qian Liwei doesnt think_.,A,economic development is bad for the environment,B,a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time,C,people need to stop thinking of companies and money as the enemy,D,factory owners are concerned about the environment,【,答案,】,A,15/137,14,Mr Lin Shuiqing and Mr Qian Liwei both agree that _.,A,we should decrease the amount of things we produce in order to save the environment,B,recycling may be the key to helping both economy and environment,C,many people are willing to pay higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly,D,more effective laws are needed to preserve the environment,【,答案,】,B,16/137,15,Which of the following environmental problems isnt mentioned in the debate?,A,Air is being polluted.,B,Many rivers are full of chemicals.,C,Trees are being cut down.,D,Production has been reduced.,【,答案,】,D,17/137,18/137,damage,vt,.,损害；毁坏；,n,.,损害；毁坏；破坏,do sb.damage,do damage to sb.,给某人带来损害,We should learn to protect our skin from the damage of the sun.,我们应该学会保护我们皮肤免受太阳光损害。,The storm did great damage to this area.,风暴给这个地域造成了很大损失。,19/137,damage,，,destroy,，,hurt,，,injure,，,wound,与,harm,(1)damage,指伤害人或物而使之失去价值、功效或正常外观，多用于自然灾害中损害。,(2)destroy,指完全、不可修复毁坏。,(3)hurt,强调精神上、肉体上伤害，强调疼痛。,(4)injure,主要指在事故中受伤、损害、毁坏容貌，强调丧失机能。,20/137,(5)wound,常指在战争、暴力或灾害中受伤，尤指战斗中枪伤、刀伤。,(6)harm,惯用于口语，指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损害等。,Once environmental damage is done,，,it takes many years for the system to recover.,环境破坏一旦造成，生态系统需要多年才能恢复。,21/137,1.,用,wound,，,damage,，,destroy,，,harm,，,hurt,与,injure,适当形式填空,(1)She felt_at your words.,(2)The building was_in the earthquake.,(3)Dont_your eyes by reading in dim light.,(4)The bullet_him in the shoulder.,(5)The bus was badly_when it hit the wall.,(6)He was_in the accident.,【,答案,】,(1)hurt,(2)destroyed,(3)harm,(4)wounded,(5)damaged,(6)injured,22/137,economy,n,经济；经济制度；节约,The economy of our country is increasing fast.,我国经济正飞速发展。,We should make substantial economies.,我们应例行节约。,23/137,economic,与,economical,(1)economic,adj,.,经济，经济上；强调与国家、地域、社会或个人经济相关。,(2)economical,adj,.,经济，节俭，节约；强调与个人行为相关。,We are concerned about the governments economic policy.,我们关心政府经济政策。,She is economical with her use of salt when cooking.,她烹饪时用盐很省。,24/137,2.Although the country has had political independence for over a century,，,_it needs the support of its neighbours.,A,naturally,B,economically,C,especially D,luckily,【,解析,】,由句中,political independence,可知，“政治独立”了，但“经济上”仍需要邻国支持，其它选项不合逻辑。,【,答案,】,B,25/137,debate,n,&,vi,.,辩论，争辩，争论,debate on/upon sth.with sb.,就,与某人争论,conduct/have/hold a debate,举行辩论会,open/close a debate,开始,/,终止辩论,an open/a public debate,公开辩论,Theres been a lot of debates about the cause of acid rain.,相关酸雨成因争议很多。,We have been debating about current affairs recently.,我们最近正就时事问题进行辩论。,26/137,【,注意,】,debate,还可用做及物动词。,Congress will debate the question tomorrow.,明天国会将针对这个问题辩论。,The government is debating the education laws.,政府正在就教育法进行辩论。,27/137,debate,，,argue,，,discuss,与,quarrel,(1)debate,指在正式场所，和意见对立一方进行全方面、彻底、比较正式争论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。后接名词或连接代,(,副,),词引发不定式短语，不接,that,从句。,(2)argue,指就自己看法、立场条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事理由，以说服他人。其后可接名词或,that,从句，不可接,what,，,when,，,whether,等引导从句和不定式。,(3)discuss,重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方成份。其后可接名词、动名词、不定式短语或,when,，,whether,，,what,等引导从句，但不可接,that,从句。,28/137,(4)quarrel,语气强烈，多指不友好争吵。,Whether he should be sent to the distant area is open to debate.,他是否应该被送到偏远地域还有待于讨论。,I argued with her for a long time,，,but she refused to support our plan.,我和她辩论了很久，但她还是不支持我们计划。,We discussed whether to go by bus or plane.,我们讨论要乘公交车还是飞机。,She quarrelled with his husband and left home with her little son.,她和丈夫吵了架带着小儿子离开了家。,29/137,3.The proposal whether the system should be changed is still _debate.,A,in B,over,C,under D,on,【,解析,】,under,n,.,表示“,在,中”。句意为：这个系统是否应该被更换提议仍在讨论中。,【,答案,】,C,30/137,atmosphere,n,大气，大气层；气氛；气氛,Please pay attention to the pollution of the atmosphere.,请注意大气污染。,The atmosphere of the party is active and friendly.,晚会气氛既活跃又友好。,31/137,the upper atmosphere,高层大气,in an atmosphere of,在,气氛中,be full of atmosphere,情趣盎然,a romantic atmosphere,一个浪漫气氛,We live in an atmosphere of freedom.,我们生活在自由环境中。,32/137,4.(,年湖北卷,)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_.,A,atmosphere B,state,C,situation D,phenomenon,【,解析,】,句意为：这两个国家最高领导人在友好气氛中进行交谈。,atmosphere,气氛，气氛；,state,状态；,situation,形势，局面；,phenomenon,现象。,【,答案,】,A,33/137,flow,vi,.&,n,流动,The river flows south into the sea.,这条河向南流入大海。,The years flow away so fast.,年华易逝。,The doctor could not stop the flow of blood.,那位医生无法止住流血。,34/137,flow,，,pour,与,stream,(1)flow,表示“流动”普通用词，强调不停且顺畅感觉。,(2)pour“,倾斜，涌入”，强调流量大且向低处流动。,(3)stream,强调由水源处流出。,The traffic began to flow normally again.,交通又恢复正常流动。,Blood poured from the wound.,血从伤口涌出。,Tears were streaming down her face.,泪水不停流下她脸颊。,35/137,【,注意,】,动词形式改变：,原形动词过去式过去分词,flow,流动,flowed flowed,fly,飞,flew flown,blow,吹,blew blown,The president flew to the front yesterday.,昨天总统乘飞机抵达了前线。,36/137,5.She stood there quietly,，,with her hair_down over her shoulders.,A,flowed,B,flowing,C,to flow D,being flowed,【,解析,】,本题考查,with,复合结构。,her hair,与,flow,组成主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作宾补。句意为：她静静地站在那儿，头发垂到她肩上。,【,答案,】,B,37/137,lay,vt,.,产卵，下蛋；放置，摆放,lay.aside/away,贮存，储蓄,lay.down,放下,lay sb.off,裁员,lay.out,陈列；布置，安排,Last week,，,they laid 20 eggs,，,but this week the hens arent laying.,上周这些母鸡下了,20,个蛋，不过这周却不再下了。,She laid the book down on the table.,她把书放在桌上。,The police have laid a trap for him.,警方设下陷阱等着他。,38/137,lay,过去式和过去分词均为,laid,。还要区分,lie,和,lay,。,lie,作“撒谎”讲时过去式和过去分词均为,lied,；作“躺，位于”讲时其过去式和过去分词分别为,lay,和,lain,。,Just now he lied to us again.,刚才他又对我们撒谎了。,Mr Wang has lain in bed for half a month.,王先生卧床半月了。,39/137,6.The manager had fallen asleep where he_,，,without undressing.,A,was lying B,was laying,C,had laid D,had lied,【,解析,】,B,、,C,两项表示“产卵，放”，显然与句意不符；,D,项表示“说谎”。句意为：经理没脱衣服就在躺着地方睡着了。,【,答案,】,A,40/137,approach,vt,.&,vi,.,靠近，靠近,approach,意为“靠近”时，后面可直接接人或物作宾语，不用介词,to,。,We must approach the bird very quietly or it will fly away.,我们必须悄悄地走近那只鸟，不然它会飞走。,Be careful,！,The train is approaching the station.,小心！火车进站了。,As the police approached,，,all the kids ran away.,警察一走近，全部小孩都跑了。,41/137,approach,还能够作名词，意为“方法，方式”，常与介词,to,连用。,In some cases,，,different approaches to the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.,在一些情况下，对于同一科学问题不一样方法会得出相反结论。,42/137,7.,单词拼写,The woman_(,走近,)my table and took a seat.,【,答案,】,approached,43/137,expand,vi,.&,vt,.,扩展，扩大,We hope to expand our business this year.,我们希望今年能够扩大我们事业。,She expanded her short story into a novel.,她把她短篇故事扩充为长篇小说。,Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.,我们对外贸易近年来扩大了很多。,44/137,expand,与,extend,expand,意为“扩大”，指朝各个方向增大，扩展。,extend,指向某一个方向“延长，延伸”。,The peacock expands its tail.,孔雀开屏。,They extended the subway.,他们延长了地铁。,45/137,8.,单词拼写,All matter,e,_when heated to a certain temperature.,【,答案,】,expands,46/137,beneficial,adj,.,有益，有利，有帮助,be beneficial to.,对,有益,A good diet is beneficial to health.,良好饮食有益于健康。,It will be beneficial to you to arrive early.,早到对你有好处。,47/137,benefit,vt,.&,n,使受益，益处,benefit from/by,从,中受益,for the benefit of.,为了,利益,be of benefit to,对,有好处,to ones benefit,对某人有好处是,have the benefit of sth./doing sth.,有,好处,None of us have benefited from the project.,我们都没有从该项目中受益。,48/137,9.In order to work better in the future,，,each of us must first of all know our _ and weaknesses.,A,strengths B,benefits,C,techniques D,values,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。依据后面,weaknesses,可知，每个人必须知道自己强项和弱项，,strengths,优势，强项；,benefits,益处，好处；,techniques,技巧；,values,价值观。,【,答案,】,A,49/137,situation,n,形势；情形；位置,I am sorry to know you have fallen into a difficult situation.,知道你陷入困境我极难过。,The town is in a delightful situation in a wide,，,green valley.,该城镇坐落在一个宽敞而且草木葱郁山谷中，环境宜人。,50/137,situation,，,condition,，,state,与,position,(1)situation,意为“一定时期内由各种情况造成处境、形势”，也可指“语境，情景”。,(2)condition,指“条件，情况，情况”，其单数形式指人或事物所处状态，表示这个意义时，可与,state,换用。它还强调因为一定原因或条件造成状态，如人健康情况、事物完好程度、设备可用性等。其复数常指普通、笼统情况。,51/137,(3)state,可指“人或事物所处状态和情况”，可与,condition,交换。另外，它还可表示“思想、感情、心理等状态”。,(4)position,指物本身位置，不含比较意味；,situation,指物位置与其它物关系。,52/137,10.,用,situation,，,condition,与,state,填空,(1)They kept silent for a long time,，,in a_of hesitation and doubt.,(2)Whether Ill go depends on the_of my health.,(3)Under the present_,，,he cant keep up with the class.,(4)It is important for you to use a word or phrase according to the _in language studies.,【,答案,】,(1)state,(2)condition/state,(3)conditions,(4)situation,53/137,responsibility,n,责任；职责；义务,She is a woman with many responsibilities.,她是个负有许多职责妇女。,54/137,a sense of responsibility,责任感,a position of responsibility,负有责任位置,take responsibility for,be responsible for,对,负责,do sth.on ones own responsibility,自己负责做某事,responsible,adj,.,负责，有责任,He will take responsibility for his behavior.,他将为他行为负责。,55/137,11.Dont believe him,，,for he is a man of no_of responsibility.,A,sense B,means,C,idea D,attitude,【,解析,】,sense of responsibility,责任感。句意为：别相信他，他是一个没有责任感人。,【,答案,】,A,56/137,key,n,答案；关键；,adj,.,关键,He turned the key in the lock,，,but he didnt unlock it.,他把钥匙在锁里转了转，但没打开。,The key to success is preparation.,成功关键是准备。,The key to solving the problem is to cooperate.,处理问题关键是合作。,He was a key figure in the team.,他是这个队里关键人物。,57/137,表“,”,时有些名词后要用,to,。,the key to the classroom,教室钥匙,a visit to.,去,造访,a secretary to.,秘书,the answer to.,答案,a danger to.,危险,the approach to.,通往,路径或方法,58/137,an introduction to.,介绍、说明,the notes to.,注解,an entrance to.,入口处,an access to.,靠近或使用,权利或机会,the contribution to science,对科学贡献,I have had an answer to her letter.,我对她信已作了回复。,59/137,12.The key_pollution is to make people realize the importance of protecting the environment.,A,to reduce B,of reducing,C,to reducing D,for reducing,【,解析,】,本题中,key,意为“关键”，常和介词,to,搭配，表示“,关键”“,钥匙”等。,【,答案,】,C,60/137,effective,adj,.,有效，效果好,The law is no longer effective.,该法令已失效。,Its a very effective cure for the headache.,这种药治头疼很有效。,61/137,effectively,adv,.,有效地；起作用地,effect,n,影响，效果,have an effect on.,对,有影响,affect,vt,.,影响；感动,Smoking in a park doesnt affect other people in the same way.,一样，在公园里吸烟并不影响其它人。,62/137,13.(,年江西卷,)Scientists are convinced_the positive effect of laughter_physical and mental health.,A,of,；,at B,by,；,in,C,of,；,on D,on,；,at,【,解析,】,第一个空考查短语,be convinced of,坚信,；第二个空考查短语,the effect on sth.,对于,影响。,【,答案,】,C,63/137,ridiculous,adj,.,荒谬，荒谬，可笑,It is ridiculous to do sth.,做某事很荒谬,It is ridiculous that.,是荒谬,She looks absolutely ridiculous in that hat.,她戴那顶帽子看起来非常可笑。,Its ridiculous to drive so fast along these lanes.,在这些狭路上开快车太离谱了。,64/137,ridiculous,，,absurd,，,foolish,与,funny,(1)ridiculous,指愚蠢、不合理而引人发笑。,(2)absurd“,荒谬”，尤其强调不合理或违反事实。,(3)foolish“,愚蠢”，强调没有意义或缺乏判断力。,(4)funny“,可笑”，强调不合理而招致他人取笑或蔑视。,65/137,Dont be ridiculous,！,You cant pay$50 for a Tshirt!,别犯傻了，你不会花,50,美元买一件,T,恤衫！,It is absurd to believe that the number 13 brings had luck.,相信数字,13,会带来厄运是荒诞不经。,Its foolish of you to run away from home.,你竟然离家出走真是笨极了。,Everyone except me seemed to find her mistakes funny.,除了我，大家似乎都以为她错误可笑。,66/137,14.She looked _ in that hat,，,which drew much extra attention.,A,interested B,ridiculous,C,ridiculously D,healthy,【,解析,】,ridiculous,此处意为“可笑”，以至于“吸引了不少目光”；,A,、,D,两项不合句意；,C,项“,ridiculously”,为副词，而题干中,looked,为连系动词，后面要跟形容词。故,B,项符合题意。,【,答案,】,B,67/137,smart,adj,.,聪明；灵敏；整齐；漂亮,It was smart of you to bring a map.,你很聪明，能想到带张地图。,Its easy to teach smart students.,教反应灵敏学生很轻易。,You look very smart in that new shirt.,你穿那件新衬衫看起来很英俊。,68/137,smart,，,beautiful,，,pretty,与,handsome,(1)smart,指人“聪明，动作灵敏，长得帅气、好看”。,(2)beautiful,可修饰人和物，修饰人时指“漂亮，好看”，普通不用于修饰男子。,(3)pretty,可修饰人和物，修饰女子时指“俊俏，标致”；修饰男子时含有贬义，指“女人气”；,pretty,还可作副词，意为“相当，颇”。,(4)handsome,可修饰人和物，修饰男子时指“漂亮，英俊”；也可形容女子“健美”。,69/137,15.She is_than her brother but works less harder than him.,A,smarter B,taller,C,younger D,prettier,【,解析,】,由,but works less harder than him,可知“她比她弟兄聪明”，故,A,项正确。,【,答案,】,A,70/137,provide,vt,.,提供,The trees provide shade.,树给人们遮阴。,The government provided us with some rice and oil.,政府提供给我们一些大米和油。,71/137,provided/providing(that),可作连词，意为“假若，倘若，除非”。,Provided that there is no opposition,，,I will act as the representative of our team.,倘若无人反对，我将担任我们队代表。,72/137,16.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting _ you dont mind taking the night train.,A,provided B,unless,C,though D,until,【,解析,】,本题考查状语从句引导词。四个选项中只有,provided,和,unless,能够引导条件状语从句，前者意为“假如”，符合句意。句意为：假如你不介意乘晚上火车话，你能够早点到北京参加会议。,【,答案,