高考英语复习考前三个月专题一语法知识第1讲动词的时态与语态市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题一,语法知识,第1讲动词时态与语态,1/53,难点突破,高考回首,栏目索引,模拟演练,2/53,1.He hurried home,，never once looking back to see if he_.,(江苏，27),A.was being followed B.was following,C.had been followed D.followed,解析,句意为：他慌忙回家了，一次也没有回头看看他是否正被跟踪。这里if引导宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,高考回首,3/53,2.He,s been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(,江苏，31),A.hasn,t qualified B.hadn,t qualified,C.doesn,t qualify D.wasn,t qualifying,解析,句意为：他已被通知，因为他学术背景，他没有取得奖学金资格。本空谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词，表示,“,有资格，有权利,”,，此处并不表示延续性动作，而是说明,“,他没有资格,”,这一实际情况，所以用普通现在时否定式doesn,t qualify,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4/53,3._ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?,Yes.They are happy with it.(,北京，24),A.Did you call B.Have you called,C.Will you call D.Were you calling,解析,句意为：昨天你给那家企业打电话问询他们对我们产品印象怎样了吗？打过了，他们对我们产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用普通过去时。D项是过去进行时，与语境不符。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5/53,4.In the 1950s in the USA,，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _ yet.(北京，29),A.haven,t inventedB.haven,t been invented,C.hadn,t inventedD.hadn,t been invented,解析,句意为：在20世纪50年代美国，大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话，那时无线电话还没有被创造出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说是过去发生事情，又由yet可知，要用完成时，故空格处用过去完成时；又因phones与invent之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合可知，选D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6/53,5.People _ better access to health care than they used to,，and they,re living longer as a result.(,北京，33),A.will have B.have,C.had D.had had,解析,句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷医疗服务，所以人们更长寿了。句子说是现在情况，故用普通现在时，选B项。have access to有权使用，有机会靠近。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7/53,6.I_ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(,天津，8),A.was driving B.have driven,C.would drive D.drove,解析,句意为：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发觉我走错路了。be doing.when.是固定句式，表示,“,正在做,这时,”,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8/53,7.More efforts,，as reported，_ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(江苏，22),A.are made B.will be made,C.are being made D.have been made,解析,句意为：据报道，为加紧供给侧结构性改革今后几年要付出更多努力。依据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用普通未来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9/53,8.Dashan,，who _ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.,(江苏，29),A.will be learning B.is learning,C.had been learning D.has been learning,解析,句意为：大山已经学习相声中国传统喜剧形式数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。依据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到未来)动作，故此处要用现在完成进行时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10/53,9.Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(,北京，21),A.works B.has worked,C.was working D.would work,解析,句意为：杰克正在试验室里工作这时突然停电了。be doing.when.(某人)正在做某事，这时,，是固定句式。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去某一详细时刻，故用过去进行时，选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11/53,10.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.(,北京，30),A.rewarded B.were rewarded,C.will reward D.will be rewarded,解析,句意为：学生们一直努力学习功课，他们付出最终会取得成功。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用未来时态；efforts和reward之间为被动关系，所以用普通未来时被动语态。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12/53,11.When walking down the street,，I came across David，whom I _ for years.(天津，3),A.didn,t see B.haven,t seen,C.hadn,t seen D.wouldn,t see,解析,句意为：沿街走路时，我偶然碰到了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。,“,没见,”,表示动作在came across之前，且for years是完成时标志，所以应选表示过去完成时hadn,t seen,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13/53,12.Excuse me,，which movie are you waiting for?,The new,Star,Wars,.We _ here for more than two hours.,(,北京，23),A.waited B.wait,C.would be waiting D.have been waiting,解析,句意为：请问，你们在等哪场电影？新星球大战，我们在这儿已经等了两个多小时了。由句中时间状语,“,for more than two hours,”,可知，动作从过去延续到现在，并对现在产生了直接影响，且动作还可能继续，故用现在完成进行时。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14/53,13.I _ half of the English novel,，and I,ll try to finish it at the weekend.(,北京，25),A.read B.have read,C.am reading D.will read,解析,句意为：我已经读完这本英文小说二分之一了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成动作，而且这个动作结果对现在情况仍有影响，故用现在完成时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15/53,14.The real reason why prices _,，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.,(江苏，30),A.were B.will be,C.have been D.had been,解析,句意为：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂，不是两三句话能圆满解释。依据空格后面and still are(而且现在依然是)判断，前面是指物价过去情况，应用普通过去时，故选A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16/53,15.Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.,All right.I _ him later.(,北京，30),A.will call B.have called,C.call D.will be calling,解析,句意为：Jackson博士现在不在他办公室里。好。过一会儿我再给他打电话。,由句中later可知此处要用普通未来时，故选A。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17/53,16.Jane can,t attend the meeting at 3 o,clock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time.(,天津，6),A.will teach B.would teach,C.has taught D.will be teaching,解析,句意为：简不能参加今天下午3点钟会议，因为那时她将在讲课。时间状语at that time指是前面at 3 o,clock this afternoon,，表示未来某个时刻正在做某事，要用未来进行时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18/53,17.Despite the previous rounds of talks,，no agreement_ so far by the two sides.(天津，9),A.has been reached B.was reached,C.will reach D.will have reached,解析,句意为：尽管之前进行了多轮会谈，但到当前为止双方还没达成任何协议。依据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时，主语agreement与动词reach之间为被动关系，故要用现在完成时被动形式。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19/53,18.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,，few people guessed that he _ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.,(浙江，8),A.has been B.had been,C.was going to be D.was,解析,句意为：阿尔伯特爱因斯坦生于1879年。孩提时，极少有些人会猜测到他能成为其理论会改变世界著名科学家。由语境可知，此处指在爱因斯坦小时候人们所猜测，表示,“,从过去看未来会发生事情,”,，要用过去未来时态，用would,/,should do,，,was,/,were to do,或者,was/were going to do,表示，故,C,项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,20/53,19.That,s why I help brighten people,s days.If you _,，who,s to say that another person will,？(湖南，35),A.didn,t B.don,t,C.weren,t D.haven,t,解析,句意为：那就是为何我要帮助人们使他们天天心情愉快。假如你不那样做话，谁能说另一个人会那样做呢？本句中if引导是条件状语从句，从句中需用普通现在时代替普通未来时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,21/53,20.To my delight,，I _ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(福建，26),A.was chosen B.was being chosen,C.would choose D.had chosen,解析,句意为：令我高兴是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情客观描述，所以用普通过去时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,22/53,一、几个易混动词时态比较,1.,普通过去时和现在完成时比较,(1),用两种时态来表述发生在过去某一动作时，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生影响或结果；而普通过去时只表示过去动作或状态，和现在关系不大。,She,has cleaned,the room.It,s very clean now.,她清扫了房间。现在非常洁净。,此句中has cleaned就不能改为cleaned，因为clean这一动作结果仍与现实状况相关。,难点突破,23/53,(2),汉语中,“,了,”“,过,”“,曾,”,等词惯用完成时来表示，,I,have seen,that film.,我看过那部电影了。,不过假如是在过去特定时间,“,看了,”,或,“,做过,”,，就不可用完成时而必须用普通过去时来表示。,When did you see that film?,I,saw,it yesterday.,你什么时候看了那部电影？,我昨天看。,24/53,2.,现在完成时和现在完成进行时比较,现在完成时强调是某个刚才完成动作，或某个过去动作对现在影响或产生结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作延续性，还可表示动作重复。,Shakespeare,s play,Hamlet,has been made into,at least ten different films over the past years.,莎士比亚戏剧哈姆雷特在过去几年里最少被拍成了十部不一样电影。,Hi,，Tracy，you look tired.,I am tired.I,have been painting,the living room all day.,嗨，特雷西，你看起来很累。,我累了。我一整天都在粉刷客厅。,25/53,3.,现在进行时和过去进行时比较,现在进行时描述现在或现阶段正在进行动作或发生事；过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生动作，二者选取时间参考点不一样。,Hey,，look where you,are going!,Oh,，I,m terribly sorry.,I wasn,t noticing.,嘿，看你往哪儿走！,哦，真对不起。我没注意到。,由语境可知，第一句描述正在发生事情，故用现在进行时；答话者在对方提醒下才注意到自己过失，也就是之前一直没有注意到，故用过去进行时。,26/53,4.,普通过去时和过去进行时比较,普通过去时表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生动作或情况，是一个已经完成了、只做一次动作；过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生动作，是一个还未完成动作，能够表示过去重复做动作。,He,was writing,a book about China last year,，but I don,t know if he has finished it.,他去年在写一本关于中国书，但我不知道他是否已经完成了。,从,“,I don,t know if he has finished it,”,可推断，他去年一直在写，所以用过去进行时。,27/53,Tom,slipped,into the house when no one,was noticing,.,没人注意时，汤姆溜进了屋子。,slipped,指过去有结果动作(他溜进去了)，when no one was noticing指他溜进去一刹那正在发生情况(没有些人注意)。,28/53,二、破除思维定式处理时态题,思维定式一：,“,for,一段时间,”,总是与现在完成时连用,“,for,一段时间,”,用在句子中，只表示动作连续了一段时间，这个动作可能已经结束，也可能在未来某个时间发生，还可表示连续到现在为止。所以,“,for,一段时间,”,并不总是与现在完成时连用。,Haven,t seen you for ages,！Where have you been?,I went to Ningxia and,stayed,there for one year,，teaching as a volunteer.,很久没见到你了，你去哪儿了？,29/53,我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教书。,由对话可知，went和stayed是两个发生在过去动作，并没有连续到现在，故stay要用普通过去时。,思维定式二：,“,平行结构,”,中时态要一致,平行结构往往表示两个或多个发生在同一时间段内动作，所以动作经常衔接而来，时态要尽可能一致(特殊情况除外)。如：,Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we,had expected,.,手写全部邀请函比我们预计更费时。(,“,预计,”,这一动作发生在手写邀请函之前，而手写邀请函是一个过去事实，故,“,预计,”,这个动作要用过去完成时态。),30/53,思维定式三：过去时间状语要与过去各种时态连用,I,was coming,to visit you later that day,，but I had to phone and cancel.,那天我原来打算晚些时候去造访你，不过我不得不打电话取消了。,依据句意可知，在过去时间点说未来，假如谓语动词是come，go，leave.，则惯用过去进行时表未来。,思维定式四：句子中出现look，hear用现在进行时,句子中出现look，hear以提醒他人注意时，往往这一动作正在进行，但也有例外：,31/53,Look,！Somebody,has cleaned,the sofa.,Well,，it wasn,t me.I didn,t do it.,看！有些人已经把沙发整理洁净了。,哦，那不是我。我没有做。,从答语能够看出事件已经完成了，故前面一句着重谈对现在影响，故用现在完成时态。,32/53,11,8,1.Hi,，Jenny，how are you getting on with your packing?,I _ what to take with me.(,南京、盐城一模，27),A.will have decided B.would decide,C.am deciding D.had decided,解析,句意为：嗨，珍妮，你行李收拾得怎么样啦？我正在决定要带什么呢。依据语境可知，两人之间对话为现在发生事情，而珍妮正在决定要带什么行李。结合句意可知本题时态为现在进行时，故选C项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,模拟演练,33/53,2.Didn,t you talk any with Rice?,No,，the plane _ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.,(南京九中模拟，31),A.was taking B.had taken C.took D.has taken,解析,句意为：你没有和Rice说什么吗？没有，我赶到机场送她时候飞机已经起飞了。take off这一动作发生在rush这一动作之前，rush用过去时，所以take off要用过去过去，即过去完成时。故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,34/53,3.Have you got the washing machine fixed?,I paid a lot of money,，but still it _ to work.,(南京学情调研，25),A.fails B.is failing C.has failed D.had failed,解析,句意为：你洗衣机修好了吗？我付了很多钱，不过洗衣机依然无法运转。依据语境可知，洗衣机依然无法运转为发生在现在事情，故本题时态为普通现在时，答案选A。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,35/53,4.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we _ admitted.,(,南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，26),A.will get B.getC.got D.have got,解析,句意为：我们学校校长希望我们在毕业时候比入学时候更有雄心。依据语境可知，毕业是在未来，而入学是在过去，应用普通过去时，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,36/53,5.I hope when you come tomorrow,，you _ the reading and have something to share.(南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，34),A.did B.are doing,C.will be doing D.will have done,解析,句意为：我希望当你们明天来时候，你们已经阅读完了，而且有东西分享。依据语境可知，此处于谈论未来事情，应用未来时态，排除A、B两项；,依据have something to share可知，已经读完才有东西可分享，应用未来完成时，故选D项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,37/53,6.When someone _,，it will double his or her chances of being helpful again.(镇江一模，22),A.thanks B.is thanked,C.was thanked D.thanked,解析,句意为：当有些人被感激时候，他或她再次助人可能性将增加一倍。依据being helpful可知，一个人在助人为乐后得到感激会再帮助他人，,“,得到感激,”,应用被动语态，排除A、D两项；,依据主句普通未来时可知，从句应用普通现在时表未来，故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,38/53,7.It,s a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops?,At the back.We _ them by 7 pm this evening.,(,镇江期末，29),A.are placing B.have placed,C.will be placing D.will have placed,解析,句意为：这简直是一团糟。厨房桌子桌面在哪里？在后面。我们今晚七点前会将它们摆放好。依据时间状语by 7 pm this evening可知本题时态为未来完成时，故选D。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,39/53,8.I,m afraid the teacher will blame you for you,ve failed to do what you _ to.(,南通如皋联考，5),A.will expect B.will be expected,C.expected D.were expectedl,解析,句意为：恐怕老师会因为你没能做到所期望事而责备你。依据句意可知，你是被老师期望做某事，应用被动语态；依据you,ve failed,可知，被期望事发生在过去，应用普通过去式，故选D项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,40/53,9.When he _ the bill in the restaurant,，he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(南通一调，29),A.paid B.would be paying,C.was to pay D.had paid,解析,句意为：当他在餐馆里要付钱时候，他突然意识到他把钱包落在车里了。依据语境可知，他打算付钱，be to do能够表示即刻未来，且能用在时间状语从句中。本题讲述是过去事情，应用was to do，表示过去打算做某事，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,41/53,10.Where is Gary?,He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact,，he _ for the test every day over the past week.,(苏锡常镇四市二模，24),A.has reviewed B.was reviewing,C.has been reviewing D.had been reviewing,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,42/53,解析,句意为：Gary在哪里？他在图书馆为周三德语考试学习呢。实际上在过去一周他天天都在为考试复习。时间状语over the past week常和完成时态连用，依据语境可知，Gary过去一周一直在学习，即动作从过去开始，延续到现在，现在还在进行中，应用现在完成进行时，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,43/53,11.The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.,I,m glad we _ them in the years ahead.,(,苏北六市联考，30),A.will be operating B.have been operating,C.would be operating D.had been operating,解析,句意为：新机器已经到了，正在车间里被测试。我很高兴在今后几年里能够操作它们。依据时间状语in the years ahead可知，操作机器应发生在未来，故选A项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,44/53,12.It is almost always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who _ the offence.,(,苏州调研，25),A.commits B.commit,C.committed D.will commit,解析,句意为：情况几乎总是这么：警察进行调查而且查看证据，而证据可能暗示是谁犯了罪。依据句意可知，谁犯了罪是发生在警察进行调查而且查看证据之前事情。由conduct an investigation and look at the evidence普通现在时可知空处时态为普通过去时，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,45/53,13.Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards,，people,s consumption patterns _ in the last few years.,(,苏北四市一调，21),A.changed B.change,C.had changed D.have changed,解析,句意为：因为城市化加速和生活水平提升，在过去几年中人们消费模式发生了改变。依据时间状语in the last few years可知，改变发生在过去几年里，即从几年前到现在，符合现在完成时使用语境，故选D项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,46/53,14.Guess what,？I met Mark at the party.,If my memory serves me correctly,，you two _ each other for almost ten years.(南通如皋联考，6),A.haven,t seen B.hadn,t seen,C.didn,t see D.don,t see,解析,句意为：你猜怎么着？我在聚会上碰到了Mark。假如我没记错话，你们俩差不多10年没见面了。两人差不多10年没见面是发生在I met Mark at the party之前事，也就是发生在,“,过去过去,”,，应用过去完成时，故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,47/53,15.Why are you so upset,，Mary?,My boss _ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.,(,南通一模，22),A.always finds B.is always finding,C.has always found D.always found,解析,句意为：Mary，你为何这么沮丧啊？我老板总是挑我毛病。他没有你想那么友善。be always doing sth.总是做某事，带有感情色彩，或喜欢或讨厌，符合语境，故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,48/53,16.Go for a drink together?,Fine.I _ how to spend the rest of the night.,(,苏锡常镇四市一模，31),A.wonder B.had wondered,C.was wondering D.have wondered,解析,句意为：一起去喝一杯？好啊，我刚才正在想怎样来度过今晚余下时光呢。过去进行时可表示说话者在说这句话之前正在做事情，还能够表示一个礼貌，符合交际用语特点，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,49/53,17.New energy vehicle-sharing projects _ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China,s sharing economy in the next few years.,(,连云港、徐州、宿迁三模，27),A.are to carry outB.are being carried out,C.were carried outD.will have been carried out,解析,句意为：为了在未来几年为我国分享经济注入发展动力，新能源汽车共享项目正在多个城市展开。依据句意可知，项目现在正在被开展，故选B项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,50/53,18.I hope you,ll make good efforts while I,m away.,Be assured,！You,ll be amazed at what _ accomplished when you get back.(,南通三模，25),A.will have been B.has been,C.was D.would be,解析,句意为：我希望我不在时