情态动词-高中英语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词 高中英语,情 态 动 词,情态动词有四类：,只做情态动词：,must,can(could),may(might),ought to,可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare,可做情态动词又可做助动词：,shall(should),will(would),具有情态动词特征：have(had,has)to,used to,1.can/could,1)表示“能力”、“许可”,（,在口语中，can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式,could 可以代替can,表示语气较为委婉,。,）,、“惊,呀,、不相信”（此义主要用于疑问句、否定句、感叹句中）等。,He,can s,peak,English fluently,.,You,can go,now.,He said I,could borrow,his bike.,Can,this,be,done by him?,How,can,you,be,so careless!,（许可）,（能力）,（许可）,（,疑惑、惊讶,）,（惊异）,2),在疑问句中,could,可以代替,can,，表示委婉的语气。,Could,I,use,your dictionary?,（注意：回答这样的问题不用,could,，须用,can,）,3)can,和,be able to,在表示能力这一点上是同义词，意义差别不大，只是,be able to,可有各种时态变化。,No one,is able to do,it.,I,havent been able to find,the book.,当表示“经过努力，设法做成某事”时，不用,could,，须用,was/were able to.,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly,but everyone,was able to get,out.,4)表示“推测”，后跟不定式的一般式、进行式，表示对现在的推测；后跟不定式的完成式，表示对过去的推测。,Accidents,can happen,to any,drunken driver.Swimming in the lake,can be,dangerous.,(,客观可能性,),He,c,ould,be,on his way home now,.,(,实际可能性,),He,cant/couldnt be reading,there.,She,couldnt,/cant,have said,so.,Can/Could,he,have gone,to his aunts,?,could+完成式，也可用来表示责备的语气，意为“（过去）本来能够（而实际上却未）”,You,could have been,more careful.,We,could have told,him earlier.,2.may/might,1),表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”的意思。用作此义时，否定形式可用,may not,但在表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”等意思时，常用,must not(mustnt).,You,may go,now.,May,I,watch,TV after supper?,Yes,you,may,./No,you,mustnt,.,有时为使语气婉转一些，可以用下面的方式回答这种问题：,Yes,please.,Please dont.,2),表示可能性，有“或许”、“可能”之意，用,might,语气更加不肯定。后跟一般式、进行式，指现在；后跟完成式，指过去。,She,may not be,there today.,He,might have,some fever.,They,may/might have missed,the last bus.,表示此义时，不能用在疑问句中。,Certainly.,No,youd better not.,用于否定句，表示“可能不”、“或许不”，务必注意其和,can/could,用于否定句意思上的差别：,If I am busy,I,may/might not go,.,He,may/might not have known,it.,比较：,He,cant have known,it.,3.must,1)must,表示必须要做的事，意为：必须，应该；否定式：,mustnt,，表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”等。,We,must do,everything step by step.,You,mustnt talk,like that.,2)must,表示推测，只用在肯定句中，后跟一般式、进行式表示对现在的推测；后跟完成式表示对过去的推测，意即：“一定，准会”等：,There,must be,a mistake.,He,must be sleeping,at this time of day.,No one answered the phone.They,must have,already,gone,out.,His watch,must have stopped,.I will go and call him.,在回答由,must,引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用,mustnt,（一定不要，不能），而要用,neednt/dont have to,（不必）：,Must,I,be,home before eight oclock?,Yes,you,must,.,No,you,neednt,./No,you,dont have to,.,在表示“必须”这个意思时，,must,和,have to,是很接近的，在过去时、将来时中，用,have to,来代替,must,。在现在时中，,must,和,have to,常表示相同的意义，但,have to,比较强调客观的需要，,must,着重说明主观的义务或必要；口语中较常用,have to,：,We,must,/,have,to,leave,now.,He,had to stop,smoking because his girl friend didnt like it.,You,ll,have,to,go,there alone.,4.ought to,ought to表示,1),应该做的事情（和should差不多，只是口气稍重一些）或,2),非常可能的事。,3),表虚拟,You,ought to follow,your fathers advice.,Oughtnt,we,to,give,him a chance to try?,There is a fine sunset,it,ought to be,a fine day tomorrow.,5.should,（,1,）,should,用于表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲。,（,2,）,should,用于表示推测，表示某个情况是合理的，正常的，符合逻辑的。,（,3,）,should,用于第一人称时可表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。,（,4,）,should,表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外惊异的意思，意为“竟会”。,should/ought to have done,You,should have come,to attend the meeting,but you didnt.,Look what you have done.You,should,not,have,been,so careless.,You,ought,not,to,have,taken,the book out of the reading-room.,6.need,可以作情态动词，意为：需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句。,Need,you,go,so soon?,Yes,I,must,.No,I,neednt,.,Thats all settled.It,neednt,be,talked,about.,I dont think you,need,worry,.,Now there,need,be,no discussion about this question.,如果用作,vt,和不定式连用，可用于各种结构：,Does,he,need,to,know,it?,This question,needs to be discussed,.,You,dont need to do,it yourself.,（这种否定形式较文气，口语中用,neednt,更多一些）,need not+,完成式,You,neednt have done,so.,We,neednt have got,up so early.,7.dare,dare,也可用作,情态,动词，作,“,敢,”,解，主要用于,疑问句,、,否定,句和,条件句,。,How,dare,you,say,Im unfair?,She,dare not say,what she thinks.,I wont allow you to jump over the rock,even if you,dare do,it.,除了在,I dare say,这种习语中，,dare,很少在肯定结构中作情态动词。,但现在用作,vt,的时候更多一些，可以跟不定式，用于,各种结构,。,I wonder how he,dared to do,such a thing.,He,has,never,dared to tell,his father about it.,She stopped at the door,not,daring to enter,.,间或有这样的句子（不定式不带,to,）,He,did not dare speak,before the class.,He,does not dare ask,the teacher questions.,8,.shall,shall作为情态动词，用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告”、“威胁”、“强制”、“允诺”等意思。,You,shall do,as I say.,Tell him that he,shall,have,the book tomorrow.,You naughty boy!You,shall get,what you deserve.,No,he,shant go,.,用在问句中征求对方意见和指示，用于第一、第三人称,.,Shall,I,open,the window?,What,shall,we,do,next?,命令,允诺,强制,警告,S,hall,he,come,to see you?,=,Do you want him,to see you?,shall 还可,用在,宣布,法律、规定,Each competitor,shall wear,a number.,The rules,shall be,obeyed.,9,.will/would,1)will表示“意志”、“意愿”，用于各种人称,I,will tell,you all about it.,He,wont go,.,甚至在条件句中也可用：,If you,will allow,me,Ill see you home.,2)will用于,疑问句,，表示,请求,、,邀请,，,询问,意愿，,用于,第二,人称：,Will,you please,give,him a message when you see him?,Wont,you,sit,down?,3)will,也可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，有“总是”、“惯于”之意：,He,ll,talk,for hours if you give him the chance.,No matter what you may say,he,will,always,stick,to his own views.,Fish,will,die,out of water.,Whats the matter with the door?It,wont,lock,.,4)would,是,will,的过去式，表示,过去,时间的“,意志,”、“,愿望,”，用于,各种人称,：,I promised that I,would do,my best.,They,would not let,Tom in because he was a black boy.,5)would,表示说话人的意愿或请求，语气比,will,婉转（指现在时间）：,Would,you,like,some bananas?,I,d,like,to see your new dictionary.,6)would,表示,过去,的习惯动作或一种倾向：,She,would sit,like that for hours.,Every day he,would get,up at six and light the fire.,He told me the box,wouldnt open,.,情态动词,要点大盘点,1.can,与,could,的用法,（,1,）表示能力。（,2,）表示客观的可能性。,（,3,）表示请示和允许。,（,4,）表示请示，口语中常用,could,代替,can,，使语气更婉转。,（,5,）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度：（主要用于否定、疑问和惊叹句中）不耐烦，难道会，究竟。,（,6,）指理论上的可能性，并不涉及是否真的发生。,2.may,与,might,的用法,（,1,）表示允许、许可。否定回答时，一般要用,mustnt,表示“禁止，阻止”之意，但也可以用,may not,，表示“不可以”。,（,2,）在表示请示、允许时，,might,比,may,更委婉一些。用,May I.,征询对方许可,在文体上比较正式，用,Can I.,征询对方意见更为常见。,（,3,）表示可能性的推测，含有“或许、大概、可能”之意，用,might,代替,may,时，则语气显得更加不肯定（不用于疑问句）,（,4,）,may,用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,！,3.must,与,have to,的用法,1,）,must,表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比,should,ought to,强。其否定形式,mustnt,表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意。在回答带有,must,的问句时，否定回答常用,neednt,或,dont have to,，表示“不必”，而不用,mustnt,。,2,）表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，准是，想必”，只用于肯定句中。,3,）,must,表示的是说话人的主观看法，而,have to,则往往强调客观需要。,must,只有一种形式，而,have to,则涉及人称、时态等方面的变化形式。两者的否定意义不同，,mustnt,表示“禁止，不许”，,dont have to,表示“不必”。,4.shall,与,should,的用法,（,1,）,shall,用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方的意见和向对方请示。,（,2,）,shall,用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,（,3,）,should,用于表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲。（,4,）,should,用于表示推测，表示某个情况是合理的，正常的，符合逻辑的。,（,5,）,should,用于第一人称时可表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。,（,6,）,should,表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外惊异的意思，意为“竟会”。,5.will,与,should,的用法,（,1,）用于表示意志或意愿。,will,指现在，,would,指过去。（,2,）表示请示、建议等，用,would,比用,will,委婉、客气些。,（,3,）表示习惯性动作，译作“总是，惯于”。,will,指现在，,would,指过去。,（,4,）表示预料或猜想，表示“大概会,”,。,（,5,）用于否定句中，表示“不肯，不乐意”。,注意：,would,与,used to,之区别：,would,可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，而,used to,则着眼于今昔对比。,6.need,与,dare,的用法,（,1,）,need,表示“需要,必要”之意。作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用,have to,的相应形式代替。,（,2,）,need,若用作实义动词时，其变化与一般动词相同。其后可接“,n,./to+,动词原形,/doing”,作宾语。,（,3,）,dare,表示“敢，敢于”之意。作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句，一般不用于肯定句中。,35,情态动词过关检测题,36,1.-Tom graduated from college at a very young age.,-Oh,he _ have been a very smart boy then.,A.could B.should C.might D.must,2.“The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides,”,declared the judge.,A.may B.should C.must D.shall,3.-Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.,-You _ her last week.,A.ought to tell B.would have told,C.must tell D.should have told,4.-Excuse me,is this the right way to the Summer Palace?,-Sorry,I am not sure.But it _ be.,A.might B.will C.must D.can,5.I _ pay Tracy a visit,but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.,A.should B.might C.would D.could,37,6.-I dont mind telling you what I know.,-You _.Im not asking you for it.,A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt,7.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _ report it to the police?,A.should B.may C.will D.can,8.Mr White _at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.,A.should have arrived B.should arrive,C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving,9.-Isnt that Anns husband over there?,-No,it _ be him-Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.,A.cant B.must not C.wont D.may not,10.You _be tired-youve only been working for an hour.,A.must not B.wont C.cant D.may not,38,11.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.,A.must B.may C.can D.need,12.-Who is the girl standing over there?,-Well,if you _ know,her name is Mabel.,A.may B.can C.must D.shall,13.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.,-You _have my computer if you dont take care of it.,A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt,14.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture.,A.must B.shall C.may D.need,15.-Mum,Ive been studying English since 8clock._ I go out and play with Tom for a while?,-No,Im afraid not.Besides,its raining outside now.,A.Cant B.Wouldnt C.May not D.Wont,39,16.“_ you play baseball?”“No,I _.“,A.Can;may B.Cant;cant C.May;cant D.can;can,17.“_ I hand in the paper this week?”,“No,you _.You _ hand it in next week.,A.Must;neednt;may B.will;mustnt;ought to,C.Shall;cant;have to D.Should;didnt have to;can,18.There were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take John as well.It _ a comfortable journey.,A.cant be B.wouldnt be,C.mustnt have been,D,.couldnt have been,19.Its nearly eight oclock.They _ be here at any moment.,A.must B.can C.should D.need,20.“_ I take the magazine out of the reading room?”“Sorry,you _.”,A.May;mustnt B.Must;cant,C.will;didnt have to C.Can;arent able to,40,21.The boss say to the secretary,“If you work well,you _ have a rise.”,A.shall B.would C.must D.ought,22.Lets sing a song,_ we?,A.will B.cant C.shall D.do,23.“_ you go so soon?”“No,I _ go yet.”,A Must;mustnt B.Shall;wont,C.Can;may not D.Must;neednt,The book I borrowed from the library isnt here.Who _?,A.could have taken it B.must have taken it,C.might take it D.should take it.,25.“They went to the lecture,but it had been put off.”“Oh,so they _.”,A.neednt have gone B.should have gone,C.mustnt have gone D.dont need to go,41,26.“_ I have a glass of beer?”“No,Im afraid you _.”,A Cant;cant B.Could;wont,C.May;darent D.Shall;may,27.“Isnt that Tom playing basketball?”“It _ be;he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”,mustnt B.would rather not,C.couldnt D.wouldnt,28.“Need he go?”“Yes,he _.”,A.need B.can C.may D.must,29.Tell me how you work out the answer,_ you?,A.can B.will C.dont D.shant,30.You promised your friend a letter;you ought to _ days ago.,write B.be writing,C.have written D.be written,42,31.She had done more work in one day than her brother _ in three days.,A will do B.may do C.could do D.has done,32.The teacher told the student that he _ pay for the missing magazine.,A.didnt need to B.need not to C.mustnt D.not had to,33.It is Saturday tomorrow.I _ get up early.,A.dont need B.neednt to C.cant D.neednt,34.You made a lot of spelling mistakes in your composition.You _ after you finished writing it.,A.mustnt have gone it over B.shouldnt have gone it over,C.neednt have gone it over D.cant have gone it over,35.Miss Wilson isnt in the office,so she _ in one of the computer rooms.,A.must work B.must be working,C.should have to work D.needs to work,43,36.A computer _ think for itself;it must be told what to do.,A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not,37.Jenny _ have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.,A.must B.should C.need D.would,38.We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.,A.must have studied B.might study,C.should have studied D.would study,39.-Could I borrow your dictionary?,-Yes,of course you _.,A.might B.will C.can D.should,40.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no harm.,A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told,44,41.-If he _,he _ that food.,-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.,A.was warned;would not take,B.had been warned;would not have taken,C.would be warned;had not taken,D.would have be warned;had not taken,42.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.,A.must B.may C.can D.will,45,43.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _ for her.,A.had to write it out,B.must have written it out,C.should have written it out,D.ought to write it out,44.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.,has come B.did come,C.came,D,.had come,45.-Shall I tell John about it?,-No,you _.Ive told him already.,neednt B.wouldnt,C.mustnt,D.shouldnt,46,46.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.,breaks B.has broken,C.were broken D.had been broken,47.Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.,A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be,47,48.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy.,A.might have given B.might give,C.may give D.would give,49.Johnny,you _ play with the knife,you _ hurt yourself.,A.wont;cant B.mustnt may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt,50.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.,A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to,