高考英语复习考前三个月专题一语法知识第7讲定语从句市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题一 语法知识,第7讲定语从句,1/50,难点突破,高考回首,栏目索引,模拟演练,2/50,1.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,，one of_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(江苏，28),A.which B.its,C.whose D.whom,解析,句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织目标之一就是减轻世界范围内饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，purposes与the World Food Programme存在所属关系，且空处于句中作定语，所以选C项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,高考回首,3/50,2.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(,北京，31),A.that B.as,C.where D.when,解析,句意为：我们在日常生活中碰到小问题有可能是伟大创造灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺乏宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same.as.，such.as.等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4/50,3.My eldest son,，_ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(天津，9),A.that B.whose,C.his D.who,解析,句意为：我长子现在在纽约，他工作让他全世界处处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺乏非限制性定语从句引导词，且与其后名词有所属关系，故应用whose。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5/50,4.Many young people,，most _ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(江苏，23),A.of which B.of them,C.of whom D.of those,解析,句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地域去追逐梦想，他们中大多数人都受过良好教育。依据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of宾语，故要用whom。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6/50,5.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.,(,北京，22),A.whose B.why,C.where D.which,解析,句意为：我住在一对夫妇隔壁，他们孩子经常制造出很大噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7/50,6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,，_ the weather may be better.(天津，9),A.that B.where,C.which D.when,解析,句意为：我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更加好。分析句子成份可知先行词为next week，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8/50,7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,，none of _ has been proved.(浙江，11),A.whom B.which,C.what D.that,解析,句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为何哭泣时流泪理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成份可知，逗号后是,“,代词ofwhich/whom,”,引导非限制性定语从句，先行词many theories，指物，故应用which。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9/50,8.The number of smokers,，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(江苏，21),A.it B.which,C.what D.as,解析,句意为：据报道，吸烟者数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为,“,正如,”,，符合句意，故选D项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10/50,9.Opposite is St.Paul,s Church,，_ you can hear some lovely music.(北京，24),A.which B.that,C.when D.where,解析,句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能够听到一些美妙音乐。,先行词是St.Paul,s Church,；从句主谓宾成份完整，去掉空后依然是完整句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作是地点状语，用where。故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11/50,10.Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(,浙江，19),A.as B.whose,C.in which D.at which,解析,句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团体一部分气氛是一个巨大挑战。分析句子结构可知，_ employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺乏状语，故用where或,“,介词which,”,引导，依据与先行词an atmosphere搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12/50,11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(,天津，15),A.where B.which,C.when D.who,解析,句意为：该企业老板正在努力营造一个轻松气氛，这么他员工就能够在这种气氛中享受工作乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13/50,12.,China,Today,attracts a worldwide readership,，_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.,(福建，34),A.who B.whom,C.that D.which,解析,句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界读者，这表明世界上越来越多人想了解中国。先行词是前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14/50,13.It is a truly delightful place,，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.,(湖南，29),A.as B.whereC.that D.which,解析,句意为：它确实是一个令人感到高兴地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒街道和漂亮村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面定语从句中缺乏主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15/50,14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.(,安徽，28),A.it B.that,C.whose D.which,解析,句意为：一些教授认为阅读是学校教育所依赖基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语时，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词upon被提到了定语从句引导词之前，只能用which来引导，故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16/50,15.As the smallest child of his family,，Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(陕西，15),A.which B.where,C.whom D.when,解析,句意为：作为家里最小孩子，亚历克斯总是期望着他能独立时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17/50,16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,，especially at work _ a good impression is a must.(江苏，22),A.which B.when,C.as D.where,解析,句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关主要工作中。本题先行词为work，能够了解为抽象地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，所以能够排除关系代词，而选择能够作状语关系副词where。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18/50,17.The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was.(,安徽，22),A.when B.where,C.why D.which,解析,先行词是the exact year，定语从句中动词spent是及物动词，后面缺乏宾语，所以选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19/50,18.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.(,陕西，13),A.that B.which,C.as D.what,解析,先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只能用that。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,20/50,19.I borrowed the book,Sherlock,Holmes,from the library last week,，_ my classmates recommended to me.(北京，26),A.who B.which,C.when D.where,解析,此处the book,Sherlock,Holmes,是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,21/50,20.A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(,山东，10),A.which B.whose,C.who D.why,解析,句意为：国内市场利润萎缩企业可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company之间为所属关系，故选择whose。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,22/50,一、高频考点,1.,“,介词which/whom,”,中介词确实定,(1),与定语从句中动词或形容词组成搭配。,The man,with whom,I talked is a professor.,和我谈话那个人是一名教授。,(2),与定语从句所修饰先行词组成搭配。,I,ll never forget the time,during which,I spent my childhood in the country.,我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光。,难点突破,23/50,(3),“,of which/whom,”,表示所属关系。,There are forty students in our class,，,most of whom,are from the south.,我们班有四十名学生，其中大部分来自南方。,(4),“,介词短语which/whom,”,引导定语从句。,He arrived at a farmhouse,，,in front of which,sat a boy.,他来到一所农舍，在农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。,(5)经过句意来判断。,He was educated at Beijing University,，,after which,he went abroad to receive further education.,他在北京大学接收教育，然后去了国外接收深入教育。,24/50,(6),关系副词能够与,“,介词which,”,交换。,The house,where/in which,he lives needs repairing.,他住那所房子需要修理。,2.as,和which引导非限制性定语从句区分,(1)which,引导非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句后；as引导非限制性定语从句放在句首、句中或句末均可。,As,we all know,，the earth goes around the sun.,众所周知，地球围着太阳转。,25/50,(2)which,可作实义动词主语，as不可。,He didn,t come as expected,，,which,made Mary angry.,他没准期前来，这让玛丽很生气。,(3),主、从句语意一致，用as，which皆可；语意不一致，只能用which。,He married again,，,which/as,was expected.,他又结婚了，这是预料到。,He married again,，,which,was unexpected.,他又结婚了，这是没有预料到。,26/50,3.,定语从句与其它语法项目标区分,(1),与地点状语从句区分：定语从句前有表示地点先行词，地点状语从句则没有；定语从句中where可用,“,介词which,”,代替，地点状语从句中where则不能。,He put the book,where,you could find it.(,地点状语从句),He put the book,in the place where,you could find it.(,定语从句),(2),与结果状语从句区分：分析such后名词在从句中是否作成份，如作成份则是定语从句，用as引导；反之则为结果状语从句，用that引导。,He is such a good boy,as,we all like.(,定语从句),He is such a good boy,that,we all like him.(,结果状语从句),27/50,二、易错点梳理,1.,关系代词误用及漏用：注意定语从句先行词被all，some，any，no，few，every，much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that。,Have you taken down everything,that,Mr Li said?,李老师讲你都记下来了吗？,2.,定语从句主谓不一致：在one of.结构中，先行词为of后复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数形式；先行词是,“,the only/very one of,复数名词,”,时，从句谓语用单数形式。,He is one of the students who,were,awarded.,他是受到嘉奖学生之一。,He is the only one of the students who,was,awarded.,他是唯一一个受到嘉奖学生。,28/50,3.,关系词充当替换词：定语从句中不能出现先行词替换词。,He is the person that I am looking for.,他就是我要找那个人。(for后不能跟him),4.,“,地点含糊,”,先行词后跟where引导定语从句。当先行词为point，case，situation，condition，stage，position，scene，spot，activity，family，job等表示某人/物所处情况、发展阶段或表示某事物某个方面时，where相当于from which，under which等，表示,“,从,中，在,情况下,”,等。,We,re just trying to reach a,point where,both sides will sit down together and talk.,我们只是想尽力到达双方共同坐下来商谈地步。,29/50,11,8,1.President Xi,s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation,，_ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.(盐城中学阶段检测，26),A.one where B.one,C.which D.the one in which,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,模拟演练,30/50,11,8,解析,句意为：习主席到英国访问创造了一个中国和英国在经济和社交发展上双赢局面。空后是一个完整句子，不缺宾语或者主语，由此能够先排除C项。,其它三个答案都有one，one后是定语从句，而one在从句中作是地点状语，不能省略引导词，由此能够排除B项。,one在这里是situation同位语，意思是,“,一个,局面,”,并不是特指，所以不需要冠词，由此能够排除D项。故选A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,31/50,2.The bullet train has quickened the rate _ we travel from one place to another.(,丹阳高级中学期中，22),A.at which B.with which,C.to which D.for which,解析,句意为：高速列车加速了我们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行速度。把at which中关系代词换上先行词放到从句中，则从句变为：We travel from one place to another at the rate.句意完整，然后用关系代词代替先行词，再把介词和关系代词放到从句句首引导定语从句就成了原题，故正确答案是A。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,32/50,3.The increased responsibilities _ her best qualities _ were beyond most people.(,扬州中学期中，30),A.brought about,；whichB.brought out；that,C.brought in,；whichD.brought up；that,解析,句意为：责任感增加表达出她优异品质，这是大多数人不含有。bring out使显现，符合句意。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，用that引导定语从句，故答案为B。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,33/50,4.It is said that a most popular emoji(expression of emotion on the Internet)is the,“,face with the rolling eyes,”,，_ is used in 14 percent of text messages.(扬州中学期中，22),A.that B.what,C.whose D.which,解析,句意为：听说，,“,翻白眼,”,成了网络上非常流行表情符号，14%短信用到它。空处是一个非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺乏主语，故填which。that不引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句，whose在从句中往往作定语，均不符合该题。故答案为D。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,34/50,5._ our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day,，they are not all the things _ they could be.,(华罗庚中学调研，24),A.As,；that B.Although；what,C.Though,；which D.While；that,解析,句意为：尽管我们感官很了不起，并能大致上满足我们过完一天需求，不过这些可能并不是它们全部。依据句意可知，前后内容存在转折关系，故第一空用although，though或while引导让步状语从句；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是things，且前面有all修饰，关系词在定语从句中作表语，应用that引导，故选D项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,35/50,6.Titled,Pain,，the book contains 51 poems，_ written in the past three years，Zhao told,China,Daily,in Beijing.,(,溧水高级中学二模，26),A.most of which B.most of them,C.most of what D.most of it,解析,句意为：赵在北京向中国日报表示，痛苦这本书包含了51首诗，它们中大部分是在过去三年中写成。_ written in the past three years中没有谓语动词，故不是从句，不需要连词。实际上此处是一个独立主格结构，most of them为逻辑主语，written in the past three years为逻辑谓语，故选B。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,36/50,7.As a student of Senior Three,，he has very little free time _ he can spend developing his own interest.(南京九中学情调研，23),A.when B.in which,C.at which D.that,解析,句意为：作为一名高三学生，他几乎没有空闲时间能够发展自己兴趣。此处先行词time被little修饰，所以用关系代词that作及物动词spend宾语。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,37/50,8.Yang Jiang,s,Reaching,the,Brink,of,Life,，the title of _ refers to her late husband,s collection of essays,，was published at the age of 97.,(南京学情调研，32),A.that B.which,C.whose D.what,解析,句意为：杨绛走到人生边上在她97岁时出版，该书标题指是她已故丈夫散文集。分析句子成份可知，本题为定语从句。先行词为,Reaching,the,Brink,of,Life,，在从句中作of宾语，先行词指物，所以用which，结合句意可知which符合题意。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,38/50,9.The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book,，_ both of them fail to express.,(南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，29),A.where B.when,C.who D.which,解析,句意为：这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表示其内心想法。分析句子成份可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts，从句中express后面缺乏宾语，结合句意可知which符合题意。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,39/50,10.The international situation is currently undergoing great changes _ UNESCO plays an irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.(,泰州中学摸底考试，34),A.that B.what,C.which D.where,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析,句意为：国际形势正在经历着巨大改变，其中联合国教科文组织在促进国际合作中发挥着不可替换主要作用。这句话使用了定语从句，先行词是the international situation，定语从句中不缺乏主、宾、表，缺乏是地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。故选D。,40/50,11.In my opinion,，one,s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent _ one,s self-value and social value are realized.,(,苏锡常镇四市二模，26),A.of which B.with which,C.on which D.to which,解析,句意为：我认为一个人收入不能完全表达其自我价值和社会价值实现程度。to the extent是固定搭配，意为,“,到达这种程度,”,。which引导定语从句，指代extent，并作介词to宾语，故答案为D。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,41/50,12.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless,，a world _ each and every corner is a true paradise.,(南京、盐城二模，29),A.that B.which,C.of which D.from where,解析,句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望世界，一个每个角落都是真正乐园世界。先行词为world，代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise，故选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,42/50,13.According to the report,，the government will hold a meeting _ people can voice their opinions on today,s global economy.,(,如皋调研，21),A.which B.where,C.when D.whose,解析,句意为：据报道，政府将举行一个会议，在会议上，人们能够表示他们对当今全球经济看法。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a meeting，定语从句中缺乏地点状语，故用where引导。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,43/50,14.Teachers in primary schools _ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(,苏北六市联考，27),A.whose B.who,C.where D.which,解析,句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们影响。依据句子结构可知，teachers是定语从句先行词，孩子是受到老师影响，即the kids fall under the teachers,influence,，应用whose引导定语从句，作influence定语，故选A项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,44/50,15.Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill _ they base their researches.(,苏北四市调研，28),A.on it B.on that,C.on which D.on whose,解析,句意为：科学家认为计算是必要技能，他们研究以此为基础。本题考查定语从句。依据句子结构可知，定语从句先行词为skill，on it不能引导定语从句，介词后不能用that，排除A、B两项；,把先行词代入定语从句后为they base their researches on the skill，由此可知选C项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,45/50,16.Last fall,，I went to the US as an exchange student.I,ll never forget my homestay there _ I became a real DIY enthusiast.,(,南通、扬州、泰州调研，21),A.where B.when,C.that D.which,解析,句意为：去年秋天我去美国做交换生，我不会忘记我在当地居民家居住时期，当初我成了一个真正DIY兴趣者。这是一个定语从句，先行词为homestay(在当地居民家居住时期)，表示时间，从句中缺乏时间状语，故选B。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,46/50,17.Many university graduates wish to be offered a job _ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.(,镇江一模，25),A.which B.why,C.where D.what,解析,句意为：很多大学毕业生希望能被提供一份工作，在这份工作中他们能找到机会去体验工作中令人兴奋事情。a job为先行词，从句中缺乏抽象地点状语in the job，故用关系副词where。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,47/50,18.There is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science.,A.as B.that,C.when D.where,解析,本句是as引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。as is often the case事实往往如此。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,48/50,19.It wasn,t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years _ I wasn,t a part of.(,南京、盐城二模，31),A.whom B.when,C.that D.what,解析,句意为：让我们朋友讲述大学一年级时候事情，而在那时候我又没有在其中，这么做是极难。定语从句中缺乏宾语，而先行词是years，故用关系代词that。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,49/50,解析,句意为：中国足球队作为一匹黑马一举进入四分之一决赛，在四分之一决赛中，输给了东道主澳大利亚队。quarterfinals为定语从句先行词，从句中缺乏地点状语，应用where引导。故选D项。,20.As a dark horse