英语四级写作专项与模拟训练名师优质课赛课一等奖市公开课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第1页,-,真题分析、专题训练、模拟训练,CET 4 Writing,第2页,历年四级写作题材及写作类型,考试时间,题 目,题材,写作类型,1999.1,Dont Hesitate to Say“No”,社会生活,原因解释型,1999.6,Reading Selectively or Extensively?,校园生活,对比选择型,.1,How I Finance My College Education?,校园生活,问题处理型,.6,Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?,校园生活,对比选择型,.1,How to Succeed in a Job Interview?,社会热点,问题处理型,.6,A Letter to a Schoolmate,校园生活,信函,.1,A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus,校园生活,信函,.6,Student Use of Computers,校园生活,现象解释型,第3页,历年四级写作题材及写作类型,考试时间,题 目,题材,写作类型,.1,It Pays to Be Honest,社会生活,原因解释型,.6,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident,社会生活,记叙文,.1,A Letter in Reply to a Friend,校园生活,信函,.6,A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction,社会热点,景点介绍,.1,A Campaign Speech,校园生活,演说词,.6,In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of Teachers Day,校园生活,记叙文,.1,Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists,社会热点,对比选择型,第4页,历年四级写作题材及写作类型,考试时间,题 目,题材,写作类型,.6,On Students Selecting Lecturers,校园生活,现象解释型,.1,Spring Festival Gala on CCTV,社会热点,对比选择型,.6,Welcome to Our Club,校园生活,海报,.1,What Electives to Choose,校园生活,现象解释型,.6,Recreational Activities,社会热点,对比选择型,.1,Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,社会热点,问题处理型,.6,Free Admission to Museums,社会热点,现象解释型,.1,Create a Green Campus,校园生活,社会热点,现象解释型,第5页,写作类型,第一段,第二段,第三段,对比选择型,表明一方或双方观点,指明理由,表明个人观点或个人做法,现象解释型,指明一个现象或提出一个观点,阐释现象或观点,对现象、观点进行评价或发表个人看法,原因解释型,提出一个社会现象或问题,解释原因,发表个人看法或提出处理思绪,问题处理型,提出问题,分析处理问题方法,简明评价方法并总结,应用型,描述事实,描述原因,表明观点或提出提议,综合叙事型,交待事件背景信息,描述起因或经过和结果,描写个人感受或分析事件发生原因,图表型,说明图表反应趋势、问题或现象,分析其原因或后果,提出处理问题方法、提议或进行展望,第6页,1.,特点及写作要求,对比选择型议论文是大学英语四级考试写作最常见写作题型。普通来说，这类议论文通常是对一个观点或事物正反两方面或者两种不一样观点或事物进行对比，从而引出主题，得出结论。在对两种不一样观点或事物进行对比时，主要利用比较和对比两种写作技巧。在四级考试中曾屡次出现这类议论文。,对比选择型,-P65,第7页,2.,写作流程,第一段：简单介绍某一现象或事物。,第二段：分析某一观点或事物正反两面，或比较两,种不一样观点或事物。,第三段：得出结论，或提出自己看法。,对比选择型,或者,第一段：简单提及某一现象或事物，并分析该现象或,事物好处。,第二段：分析该现象或事物弊端。,第三段：得出结论，或提出自己看法,第8页,3.真题分析,1月大学英语四级考试真题,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes,to write a short essay entitled Should the University,Campus Be Open to Tourists?You should write at least,120 words following the outline given below:,1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点,2.校园是否对游客开放，人们看法不一样,3.我认为.,对比选择型,第9页,【,范文,】,S,hould the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?,(1)Nowadays,many well-known university campuses in China have become popular tourist,attractions.During holidays,large numbers of tourists can be seen on university campuses,particularly,Peking University and TsingHua University.,(1),开篇自然，引出焦点问题,对比选择型,第10页,(2)Should the university campus be open to tourists?Peoples opinions vary from one to another.(3)Some maintain that opening university campuses to tourists can not only increase universitys financial income but also provide young students a good opportunity to know the university so that they can be encouraged to study harder to realize their dreams.(3)While others argue that opening university campuses to tourists may ruin both their natural and academic environment.,(2)过渡句，承上启下,(3)分别论述支持和反对观点及理由,对比选择型,第11页,(4)As far as I am concerned,university campuses should not be open for profit as tourist attractions,because it is a place for study and research,not for tourism.Its purity and beauty will be destroyed if it becomes a profitable organization.(4)However,I think university is a property for the whole society so that it can be open to individual visitors so long as the visit does not disturb its order.,对比选择型,(4),表明自己观点，,because,原因状语从句引出理由；,so that,so long as,使用使句式更为多样,第12页,4.,参考模板,【,模板一,】,When it comes to the issue of,different people have different opinions.,(,深入介绍这种现象或观点,).,Some people think that,.They hold this opinion because(they,think),.Others,however,take a negative/positive attitude to,.(Others,nevertheless,are more pessimistic/optimistic about it).From their point of view,.Besides,.,.,对比选择型,第13页,In my opinion/Personally/From my point view/If asked my attitude,I am more in favor of,.,I stand in/hold this attitude/opinion/view because,.,Its true that,but it doesnt mean that,.Therefore/In a word/In short,.Instead,we should,对比选择型,第14页,4.,参考模板,【,模板二,】,Nowadays,wherever you go,you will hear people talk,about,.Whether you like it or not,it had become a,part of our life.Generally,it is believed that there are,several advantages with,.Firstly,.Whats,more,.,But every coin has two sides,and,is no,exception.There are also some disadvantages,with,.To begin with,.Beside,.,And most important of all,.,But all in all,.Therefore,we should,.,对比选择型,第15页,1.,特点及写作要求,现象阐释型作文通常先指明一个现象或提出一个观点，然后对这一现象或观点进行解释，最终得出结论或发表个人看法。,现象阐释型,P66,第16页,2.,写作流程,第一段：简明描述某一现象或某一观点。,第二段：详细阐释现象或观点正确性或危害性等。,第三段：表明自己态度或看法。,现象阐释型,或者,第一段：简单描述某一现象或观点。,第二段：详细阐述引发这种现象或持有这种观点,考虑主要原因。,第三段：对现象或者观点进行评价。,第17页,3.真题分析,6月大学英语四级考试真题,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes,to write a composition on the topic of students,selecting their lecturers.You should write at least 120,words following the outline given below in Chinese:,(1).有些大学允许学生自主选择一些课程任课老师,(2).学生选择老师时所考虑主要原因,(3).学生自选任课教师益处和可能产生问题,现象阐释型,第18页,【,范文,】,On Students Selecting Lecturers,(1)At present,in some colleges and universities,students are allowed to select lectures on their own.(2)It,may someday become the main trend when people give,more priority to academic freedom.,(3)Students would take three major elements into,consideration when making selections.,(1),开门见山，直击主题,(2),提出该现象发展趋势,(3),揭示学生选任课老师考虑原因,现象阐释型,第19页,(4)First of all,they will take lecturers teaching styles,into account.Teaching styles to students taste would help,them learn more efficiently.(4)Moreover,most students,tend to choose lecturers with more experience,because,such teachers tend to know more about how to stimulate,and inspire students and will help them master their,subjects with more ease.(4)Last,students also put,emphasis on the lecturers academic background.From,their perspective,teachers with higher academic degrees,may provide more enlightening suggestions.,(4),叙述有力有序，更具说服力,现象阐释型,第20页,【,范文,】,On Students Selecting Lecturers,(5)Everything has both positive and negative aspects,and students selecting lectures is of no exception.(6)It encourages students to be actively involved in the teaching process,and at the meantime,spurs teachers to improve their teaching quality.(6)However,it is possible that some students would choose lectures blindly without due guidance.And it is not uncommon that some teachers employ some abnormal devices to attract more students,such as promising higher marks or more“freedom”of attendance.,(5),承上启下，引出益处和问题,(6),分别叙述益处和问题，有条理：动词,encourage,和,spur,引出两大益处；,however,引出问题所在,现象阐释型,第21页,4.,参考模板,【,模板一,】,In recent years,(,描写现实状况或趋势,).This,has caused a lot of problems.,First,(,结果,1).For example,(,细节，,说明结果,1).Second,（结果,2,）,.,(,细节，说明结果,2).Finally,(,结果,3).,(,细节，说明结果,3).,Since,is such a serious problem,we should,take effective measures to,.First,we should,(,办法,1).Besides,(,办法,2).And finally,(,办法,3).,现象阐释型,第22页,4.,参考模板,【,模板二,】,At present/In recent years/Nowadays,(,描,写现实状况或趋势,).It may someday become the main trend,when,(,深入描述这一现象或观点,).,Three major elements/factors would be taken into,consideration when,(doing sth.).First of all,(,主要原因,1).Moreover,(,主要原因,2).Last,(,主要原因,3).From their perspective,.,现象阐释型,第23页,4.,参考模板,【,模板二,】,Everything has both positive and negative aspects,and,(,这种现象或观点,)is of no exception.,(,这,种现象或观点正确性,).However,(,这种观点,或现象危害性,).,现象阐释型,第24页,原因解释型,1.,特点及写作要求,原因解释型作文重点在于探讨产生某一社会现,象或问题原因。,2.,写作流程,第一段：对某一社会现象进行描述。,第二段：阐释产生这一社会现象原因。,第三段：发表个人看法，或提出处理思绪。,第25页,3.真题分析,12月大学英语四级考试真题,Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to,write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.,You should write at least 120 words according to the,outline given below in Chinese.,（1）.当前社会上存在许多不老实现象,（2）.老实利人利己，做人应该老实,原因解释型,第26页,【,范文,】,It Pays to Be Honest,(1)What is honesty?Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act.(2)Regarded as a virtue,it is admired in every country and every culture.(2)The one who lies and cheats is dishonest.Dishonesty is generally looked upon as an evil,and is despised and condemned by everyone.,(1),一问一答得出,honesty,定义，点题,(2),从正反两方面深入阐述文章主题,原因解释型,第27页,【,范文,】,It Pays to Be Honest,(3)From the mass media and also with our own eyes,we know that dishonest behavior exists in our society.For example,students copy one anothers homework or download illicit paper from Internet to cheat their teachers;businessmen sell fake products to cheat their customers;and even worse there are medical persons who produce fake medicine harming the patients.,(3),举例说明社会上存在一些不老实施为,原因解释型,第28页,【,范文,】,It Pays to Be Honest,(4),However,those people may succeed for a time,but sooner or later,they will bring them nothing but troubles.(5)As an English proverb goes,“Honesty is the best policy.”(5),For one thing,if you want to be trusted and respected by your friends,you must be honest.A liar is always looked down upon and avoided by the people around him.(5),For,another,if you want to succeed in your work,the first qualification you should have is honesty.(6),Therefore,whatever your aim is,you must work honestly to attain it.,(4),经过,however,一词转折引入文章主题“为何做人应该老实”,(5),以一句名谚语及,for one thing,for another,两个短 语说明原因,(6),深入强化主题，即不论要到达什么目标，必须经过老实方法取得,原因解释型,第29页,4.,参考模板,【,模板一,】,Nowadays,we often hear that,(,提出现象,).,This phenomenon is not accidental,and there is social and,individual background.,Why,?For one thing,（原因,1,）,.,For another,(,原因,2).For instance,(,举例说明,).From that,we,.,As far as I am concerned,I agree that,.,I think that,(,作者本人点,).,.,原因解释型,第三段或为,We should take measures to,.First,(,办法,1).,Second,(,办法,2).Finally,(,办法,3).,第30页,4.,参考模板,【,模板二,】,As is known to all,_.People seem to get,Accustomed to _.In fact,_.,The reason lies in several aspects.Firstly,_.,Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.Finally,_.,As a matter of fact,_.On the one hand,_.,On the other hand,_.Therefore,_.,原因解释型,第31页,In recent years,the phenomenon of,_,has aroused peoples great concern.,Many reasons may account for,_.To begin with,_.In addition,_.Whats more,_.,In my opinion,_.To prevent this phenomenon from worsening,it is high time that _.,模板三,第32页,【预测题一】,Directions:,For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled,Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language,following the outline given below.You should write at least 120 words but no more than,180,words.,1.,世界上越来越多人学习汉语,2.,出现这一现象原因,3.,你对这一现象看法：你认为这种现象是否会连续下去？,第33页,1.,特点及写作要求,问题处理型作文通常先说明情况，提出问题，随即提出处理方法或处理方式，最终给予评价。,问题处理型 第,69,页,2.,写作流程,第一段：描述现实状况、形势、提出问题。,第二段：提出处理问题方法。,第三段：简明评价提及方法，或选择其中一、,两种自己认为适当方法并说明理由。,第34页,3.真题分析,12月大学英语四级考试真题,Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to,write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job,Interview?You should write at least 120 words and you,should base your composition on the outline given in,Chinese below:,(1).面试在求职过程中作用,(2).取得面试成功原因：仪表、举止谈吐、能,力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,问题处理型,第35页,【,范文,】,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,(1)Nowadays,great importance has been attached to,interviews by both the employer and the,job-hunter,.(2),On the one hand,the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the candidates,such as their work experience,education and their personalities,so as to,pick out,the right person.(2),On,the other hand,the interviewee can make use of the opportunity to know the job,including salary,working conditions and opportunities for future development.,(1),提出问题，点题，指出面试主要性,(2),从,interviewer,与,interviewee,两方面阐述面试在求职过程中作用，为引出文章主题做铺垫,问题处理型,第36页,【,范文,】,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,(3),Therefore,the job interview is very important to a job-hunter.But how can we succeed in it?,(4),Firstly,dress properly and neatly since the first impression is one of the keys to success.(4),Secondly,，,behave politely and confidently.Dont be too proud,and neither too shy.Show your expertise and abilities to the employer with respect and confidence.(,4)Last but not the least,the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background,for,honesty is the best policy,.,(4),分层次解释,取得面试成功三大原因，“,last but not the least,”意为“最终，但一样主要是”,(3)Therefore,承上启下，,but,提出主题,问题处理型,第37页,【,范文,】,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,(5)To sum up,the job interview is really important,but there is no need to be nervous.(5)As long as you have the ability for the job and put the above principles into practice,you will most probably succeed in it.,(5)“to sum up”,引出总结，,“,as long as”,句型引出提议，语言简练，连接紧凑,问题处理型,第38页,4.,参考模板,【,模板一,】,Nowadays,great importance has been attached to,(,当前现象及存在问题,).Many ways can contribute to,(,要处理问题,),but the following ones may be effective.,First of all,（方法,1,）,.Besides,(,方法,2,）,.Finally,（方法,3,）,.,In conclusion/To sum up,the ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other.,（希望）,.,问题处理型,第39页,4.,参考模板,【,模板二,】,With the _ of _,_.So its,of great importance for us to _.On the one,hand,_.On the other hand,_.However,we have figure out many ways to/As is,known to all,there are many ways _.Firstly,_.,So long as _.Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.,In fact/So its high time for us to,_.That is,because _.In a word,_.,问题处理型,第40页,应用文，就是在现实生活中有实际应用功效文体，比如书信、通知、演讲稿、见证书、导游词等。应用文是大学英语四级考试中常见考查内容，与议论文、记叙文和说明文相比，应用型作文与生活、社会联络愈加紧密，在格式、行文习惯等方面更考究规矩。所以，不论写哪些应用型作文，都必须按其各自规范化、约定俗成格式来写，不能随意改变格式。下面主要讲述英文书信组成、写英文书信时应注意事项。,应用型,第,71,页,第41页,1.,书信组成,英文书信普通分为六个部分：信头，信内地址，称呼，正文，结束语，署名。另外信末还可附上附件及再启。,应用型,2.,书信组成,信头,(Heading),信头通常包含发信人地址和发件日期，置于信纸右上,角，离信纸顶头约一英寸，在靠近信纸中央开始写。地址写法有小到大。若用印有信头信笺，则打上发信日期即可。日期写法有英、美两种不一样格式。英国写法为,“,日、月、年,”,，美国写法为,“,月、日、年,”,。如：,April 19,(American),19th April,(British),第42页,齐头式,：,16 Brown St.,Reading,Berks,England,March 6,th,应用型,信头分两种：,齐头式,(Block Style,）和缩进式,(Indented Style,）,缩进式,：,16 Brown St.Reading,Berks England,March 6th,第43页,信内地址,(Inside Address),信内地址包含收信人姓名、地址，写在左上方，位置比右上方发信人地址和日期低,1-2,行，也是分数行从小到大依次书写。私人信件则不拘形式。在收信人名字前须加尊称如,Mr.,Miss,Sir,Dr.,等,称呼,(Salutation),称呼是对收件人称呼，另起一行写在信内地址下面，在称呼后普通加,“,，,”,。如,Dear Mr.Green,或,Dear President Bush,。若写给某个单位或不熟悉人，可用,Dear Sir/Madam,或,Dear Director/Gentleman,。,应用型,第44页,正文,(Body),正文通常包含三部分内容：第一部分用一两句话写明写信目标或表示问候、谢意；第二部分详细说明所谈事物细节问题；第三部分是向对方再一次表示你诚意和感激等。正文第一行须离称呼一个行距或两个行距，段首缩进四个字符。,结尾谦称,(Complimentary Close),结尾谦称这一客套称呼写在结尾语,(,正文,),下隔一行处，从正中或偏右处写起。当前，也有些人偏左处写起。第一个字母大写，后面加逗号。,应用型,第45页,Devotedly,Lovingly,Your own,All my love,(,用于情人、夫妻之间）,Yours lovingly,Your affectionately,(,用于亲密家人间,),Sincerely yours,(,用于熟悉人之间,),Respectfully yours,(,用于地位高人或长辈,),Faithfully yours,(,用于对机关正式函件,),署名,(Signature),署名位置在结束语之下，偏向信纸右边。信纸上一定要有亲笔署名。即使信纸上已经有打印署名，仍需在其上方亲笔签一遍。,应用型,第46页,附件,(Enclosure),假如信正文中谈到有附件，应在左下角注明,Enclosure,或,Encl.,或,Encls.,。若附件不止一个，则写上,2,（或,3,、,4,等）,encls,。比如：,Encl:A copy of my resume,2 Encls:2 Invoices,3 Encls:1 Resume,1 Doctors Certificate,1 Photo,完整信件格式图例：,（*私人信件或非正式信件通常省略信内寄信人地址、收信人地址和日期。）,应用型,第47页,应用型,Heading,（信头）,Address of the writer,Date,Inside Address,（收件人姓名，地址）,Salutation,（称呼），,The Body of the Letter,（信文）,.,.,Complimentary Close,（结尾谦称），,Signature,（署名）,第48页,2.,英文书信特点及写作要求,书信写作格式比较固定，通常不是考试重点，重点依然是英语解释或说明一件事情能力。英文书信主要分为私人信函,(Personal letter),和公务信函,(business letter),。私人信函是写给亲朋挚友，与他们互通消息、交流感情渠道。公务信函包含商务信函、社交信函、事务信函甚至私人事务信函，如申请书、推荐信、祝贺信、邀请信、投诉信、感激信、求职信、道歉信等。,开头部分：点名写信意图；,主体部分：展开说明问