高中英语听说考试高分诀窍.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,广东省,2011,年普通高考“英语听说”考试形式、,试卷结构和题型,题序,题型,题量,赋分,时间,A,节,模仿朗读,1,20,30,分,钟,B,节,角色扮演,1,16,C,节,故事复述,1,24,总计,3,60,30,分钟,Copyright,2,三、高三英语老师如何帮助学生高考英语听说得高分？,（一）点拨考试技巧：,1.,录音不宜太心急,到录音时间就开始录音,Is James interested in music like you?,2.,大声说英语,从阅卷经验看，在每一部分的考试中，考生只要能说出相关的英语，回答的不管是一个词、一个短语，还是一个并不是很完整的句子，都会给分。,以,2011,真题,Part B,为例。,Copyright,3,Q3.What did the man do in most of his spare time?,He spent most of his spare time learning to play the piano and violin.,（得满分,2,分）,Play the piano and violin.,（得满分,2,分）,Piano and violin.,（至少得,1-1.5,分）,Play piano/violin.,（起码有,1,分）,Piano/violin,（起码有,0.5,分）,Copyright,4,有把握时，请把句子说完整；把握不大时，说出句子的部分甚至一个关键的词也是很好的。,不能“沉默是金”，考生的沉默等于主动叫评卷老师不要给分给考生。,Copyright,5,当然考生的“,Sorry,I dont know”,也是告诉老师，你不要给分给我了，因为我不懂。所以，与其有礼貌的说,“,Sorry,I dont know.”,倒不如争取说出相关的哪怕是一两个单词，也好让评卷老师找到给你分的理由。,说实在，无论什么考试，能给分的题老师绝对不会不给的，因为你的争取不放弃会感动你的评卷老师的,。,Copyright,6,特别提醒：,哪怕说不好或不懂说也不要笑，碰到容易的题更不要偷笑，因为考生的笑会让评卷老师觉得考生的态度不好，不够严谨。当然，更不要说一些与本话题不相关的英语，普通话或方言等。全过程当然杜绝不文明用语。,Copyright,7,3.,说好前几句,担任多年英语人机对话改卷组长发现，第一印象很重要。“秒杀”给分是常有的事。,用较好语音和语调，自信地把开头说出来，你会马上赢得老师的好评，给你高分是不足为奇的。尤其体现在,Part A,的模仿朗读和,Part C,的故事复述部分里。,Copyright,8,4.,善于自然纠正,在,Part B,的三问五答里，有些考生明知自己回答错了，不敢再说，呆呆地等着时间过去。其实，当考生在录音的过程中，发现自己回答错了，只要时间允许，考生又能自然纠正过来，评卷老师是会以考生最后纠正过来的答案给分的。,Copyright,9,5.,巧练自信的声音,宏亮的声音更具有穿透力，给人精神饱满自信的感觉。相反，懒洋洋的声音对人有催眠作用，会让本来已经有倦意的老师感觉更累。然而，声音也不宜时大时小。,保持自信，字正腔圆的表达一定能打动评卷老师，得分就会高一些。,Copyright,10,特别提醒：,嘴巴不能太靠近,microphone,，否则，连不该录进去的呼吸声或喘气声也听得清清楚楚。整个过程更不要随意动,microphone,，如摘下等，这样很容易导致录音不成功而出现零分现象。,今年广州一模听说考试就,Part A,，抽查了,6804,份录音，其中有,7,人因录音不成功而得,0,分，实在可惜。,Copyright,11,6.,活用“,Thats all.Thank you!”,在,Part C,的复述故事中，尽自己能力多说，,如果能说上,80,秒或稍多点的时间为最好。,复述的故事要完整，用好一些过渡词，如，开始时可用,One day/morning/afternoon/evening;,The other day;Many years ago;,Long long ago;Once upon a time,等；,Copyright,12,发展故事时可用,Then/After that/One day later/But/However/Suddenly/Therefore/Unfortunately/To my surprise,等等；,结束故事时可用,Finally/At last/Eventually,等。,故事复述完了，别忘了有礼貌地说一声,“,Thats all.Thank you,!”,Copyright,13,特别提醒：,说的时候，不妨看看右下角的时间去调整自己的速度，太快吧，不像在复述，而且很快就讲完；太慢吧，评卷老师听起来会烦；,如果停顿的时间太长再继续就更加不提倡（因为评卷老师可能误以为你说完了，而不继续往下听了），因此，,千万不能停顿太久！,Copyright,14,如何在高考英语听说,(PartA/B/C),得高分？,Copyright,15,Reading Skills,弱读,reduction,重读,stress,语调,intonation,停顿,pause,连读,liaison,loss of explosion,失爆,Copyright,16,Skill 1,：,Dealing with rising tone,1.,英语中的升调一般用于,:(5,种,),a.,一般疑问句，如：,Do you come here a lot?,Have you been to any foreign countries?,b.,选择疑问句的前半部分，如：,Is she an English teacher or Chinese teacher?,Are you here for the tickets or books?,Copyright,17,c.,若干相同类目的词语并列出现时，除最后一项外，如：,I want low fat yogurt,tuna salad,chocolate cake and hamburger special.,My ideal man must be handsome,generous,dependable and considerate.,d.,表示疑问的陈述句，如：,You want a cup of coffee?,You dont work here?,Copyright,18,e.,表现祝贺，同情，或热情时：如,Congratulations!,Im sorry to hear that.,Have a nice weekend.,2.,一般疑问句升调的训练要领,：,要练习好一般疑问句的升调，首先要学好单词的升调。因为一般疑问句的升调明显表现在句子的最后一个单词上，陡直的升音明显地落在最后一个单词的最后一至两个音上。,Copyright,19,大多数中国学生使用升调时，会从单词的第一个音一直持续升到最后一个音，这样听起来极不自然。需要注意的是：升音并不是从单词的第一个音开始，只有单词的最后一到两个音时，突然很陡地升上去，请参照下面反映升调变化的曲线图，给单词正确升调：,university language student questions,school,countries,disappointed,American,Copyright,20,Skill 2,：,Dealing with falling tone,1.,英语中的降调一般用于,：,(5,种,),a.,特殊疑问句：,What have all the flowers gone?,What the hell did he do?,b.,感叹句：,What a game!,What depressing information!,Copyright,21,c.,反义疑问句中，当说话人对自己所说的内容已经很确定，知识象征性地与对方确认一下时：,We all live in a global village,arent we?,A small world,isnt it?,d.,选择疑问句的最后一个选项，如：,Do you prefer hand-written letter or E-mail?,Does she raise rats or rabbits?,e.,并列出现的若干相同类目词语的最后一项，如：,I want a house with a dining room,two bedrooms,a bath and a basement.,Copyright,22,2.,特殊疑问句降调训练要领,：,特殊疑问句在通常情况下使用降调，但仅了解这一点是不够的。实际上，特殊疑问句的音调变化是有规律可循的，以下列句子为例：,Where were you born?,Which countries have you been to?,Which university did you graduate?,Why are you learning English?,我们发现整个句子的语调如下曲线图：,Copyright,23,起调时，特殊疑问句的音调较高，遇到助动词时弱读，并且将音调降下来，然后渐渐提高，一般在句子的最后一个单词重重地降下来。,Which university did you graduate?,Why are you learning English?,Copyright,24,Part B Role play,Copyright,25,1,）问啥答啥，不要画蛇添足。,2,）,三问五答有密切联系,此时要认真听计算机回答并对关键信息（如数字、时间、地点、行为、感受等）作笔记，因为计算机回答的内容往往是下一部分的答案或提示。,3,）大声说英语,从阅卷经验看，在每一部分的考试中，考生只要能说出相关的英语，回答的不管是一个词、一个短语，还是一个并不是很完整的句子，都会给分。,Copyright,26,Part C,故事复述,Copyright,27,3.,考试流程,考生首先在视频中出现“梗概”和“关键词”；,15,秒之后，听一段大约,2,分钟无图像无字幕的独白，录音听两遍；考生准备一份钟后复述独白的大概内容。,4.,高分策略,1,）在听故事前，先阅读故事梗概和关键词，并据此发挥想象，预测故事内容。,2,）边听边快速记录关键词，听故事时应听清楚并记录故事发生的时间、地点、起因、经过、结果。,Copyright,28,3,）若有标题，要听清楚标题，这对理解故事内容很重要，因为它对理解故事起着概括作用。,4,）首尾句对理解全文起着关键作用，要特别注意 听。,5,）个别词没听懂，别慌。只要听懂大意，抓住关键信息即可。,6,）记叙文中常用,one day,on this way.Soon,eventually,等 表示时间顺序的连词或连接性的词语来叙述顺序的连词来叙述故事发展的先后或做某事的过程。,7,）用较好语音和语调，自信地把开头说出来，你会马上赢得老师的好评，给你高分是不足为奇的。尤其体现在,Part A,的模仿朗读和,Part C,的故事复述部分里。,听力速记法,一、听力中速记法的重要性,.,听力具有瞬时效应。同学们做听说理解时往往会出现这种情况,听的时候懂了,但答题时又忘了,;,遇到数字,人名,地名,时间更是如此,。,所以在听时做简单的笔记是很有必要的。如何才能将听到的信息用最短的时间记下来呢？这就要求同学们在平时的训练中培养各种速记法的技巧。,1.,应排除杂念，集中精力。,2.,根据给定对话情景，预测内容。,3.,边听边记，迅速捕捉信息。,4,学会暂时放弃。,不要因为某句话、某个单词未听懂，某个空格填不出来，或某个单词不会拼，就停下来思考，随即产生急躁焦虑心理，头脑顿时一片空白，等回过神来时，录音早已放完。导致“一处未听清，全文没听懂”，得不偿失，因小失大。对于没听到的单词可以先放下来，不会写的可以简单地写一下首字母或中文，听第二遍时再来补充。,二、速记法的原则,三、听力中常见的速记方法有：,1.,用标志性的字母，首字母或缩写代替较长的单词。这种方法对于记比较长的单词、常见的单词及专有名词,人名、地名、国名、组织机构名称等最好。记录数字时用阿拉伯数字或分数代替它们的英语表达法。,the United Nations,the united States,telephone,students,UN,US,tel,Dr.,doctor,T,teacher,Ss,Chi,China,Japanese,Jap,月份、星期可以直接用数字表示。此外，还有,kg,km,am,pm,等,.,这就要求我们平时训练时要留意哪些词是可以用简写的,考试时用起来就能得心应手,.,kg,afternoon,morning,km,kilogram,kilometer,am.,pm.,如,:Mary was born in London _ in 1862.,根据题目给出的信息我们得知要填的是生日,所以听时要留意日期,在速记时可以用数字或缩写记录,然后就可以将时间省下来将注意力集中到下面的题目,.,此题要填的信息是,on 13th October.,速记时可以记为,_,或,_.,但在读音时要按规范的日期读成,，同时不要漏了介词,on.,13/10,Oct.13,on the 13th October,时间的读法,1865,年 读作,1900,年 读作,1809,年 读作,9,：,25,可读作,或者,8,：,40,读作,eighteen sixty-five,nineteen hundred,eighteen O nine,twenty-five past nine,nine twenty-five,twenty to nine,8,：,15,读作,a quarter past eight,2.,用符号表示信息。如：用等符号表示不同的方向和形状等,(,尤其当想不出英文拼写时，或者表示地理位置或描述物体的形状时,),。,用“”表示,less than,，用“”表示,be equal to,，用“”表示,more than,，用,(),表示,include,。用“,”,表,minus,，,“,+,”,代,plus,，,“,”,代,multiply,；,“,”,代,divide.,这样既可以节省时间又可以利用图形符号的直观性恢复省略掉的信息,同时也可以避免因一时想不起来单词拼写而耽误时间。,考生可以在平时的训练当中积累这方面的知识，自己也可创造出一些自己能看明白的符号，这样做会为自己在考场上赢得很多宝贵的时间。,3.,用音标,拼音甚至中文来记不会拼写的单词,.,有时考生一时想不起来如何拼写重要的词语时，还可以用音标、甚至用汉字或汉语拼音代替必须记下的关键信息。如：当文中出现了,establish,这个单词，考生只听到了发音却不明白意思，也不知如何拼写这个词时，就可以用拼音来迅速记录下类似英文的读音，或者根据音标记录大致的字母组合：,esish,。听完后可以根据这些记录来回忆这个单词,或在做后面题目时说不定可以找到这些不会写的单词。,小 结,综上所述，听力速记法可以简述为下面几点：,1.,听前预测听力材料的内容,2.,记关键词,3.,记首字母,缩写,阿拉伯数字,4.,记符号,图形,5.,记中文,拼音,音标,英语数字专项训练（高难度）,个，十，百，千，百万，十亿，,one,ten,hundred,thousand,million,billion.,百位和十位之间加,and,234,读作：,202,读作：,1,234,读作：,two hundred and thirty-four,two hundred and two,one thousand two hundred and thirty four.,英语数字是三位一分，如，,123,456,789,000,从右向左逆向，第一个逗号读,thousand,，第二个逗号读,million,，第三个逗号读,billion,。,one hundred and twenty-three billion,four hundred and fifty-six million,seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand,又如，,4,302,625,302,four billion,three hundred and two million,six hundred and twenty five thousand,three hundred and two,如何边听边写呢？,听写方法：,每当听见,billion,million,thousand,时，就用逗号“，”来表示。如：,one thousand,，,one hundred and fifty,1,150,six billion,one hundred and fifty five million,seven hundred and two thousand,seven hundred and eighteen,6,155,702,718,分数的读法,表示分数时，分子要用基数词，分母用序数词。如果分子大于,1,，分母必须用复数形式：,1,3one third,2,3two thirds,1,4one quarter,（或,fourth,）,nation,area,population,Chi,Ind,9,632,940,3,287,590,1,295,330,000,1,029,991,145,Listen to the tape and fill in the form.,Copyright,45,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,连读,失爆,Copyright,46,Skill 3,：,Dealing with pause,讲英语或读英语时，尤其是遇到长句时，适当的停顿很重要。停顿并非随心所欲读累了就停，而要根据意群（句子中构成相对独立完整的意思的语言单位）来停。,一般来说，段与段之间的停顿时间最长，其次是句与句之间的停顿，最后才是句子内部意群之间的停顿，例如：主语与分句或从句之间的停顿。句子内部意群之间的停顿，在下列情况下尤其突出：,(9,种,),Copyright,47,1,主句与从句（定语从句、宾语从句等）之间,a.These are the robots of our dreams,intelligent machines,that live to serve.,b.And,the FBI confronts the most heavily armed militia,that US law enforcement has ever faced.,c.James Bond,the ultimate survivor knows very well,that there are many ways to kill.,Copyright,48,2.,条件状语、时间状语等分句与主句之间,a.All would be lost,if not for the strength of one,woman.,b.Welcome to paradise.When you arrive here,youll,find a million secrets and as you explore it,youll find a,million more.,3.,当后置定语较长时，其与所修饰的核心词之间,a.As we reveal the secret strategies,of an FBI crisis,negotiator,these stories are straight ahead on Best,Kept Secrets.,b.But for their variety of appearance,all dogs are simply,mutations,of their closet ancestral relative,the wolf.,c.How does the FBI solve cases,like the Oklahoma,City Bombing?,Copyright,49,4.,表时间、地点、距离、方式等的介词短语与句,子其他成分之间,a.The four hundred-year-old Hapsburg dynasty,still commands most of Europe,to the envy,of her neighbours.,b.Wolves had competed for prey,with another,group of hunters,complex communicators,not unlike themselves.,c.Her crew is plotting a course,to one of the,most notorious points in the north Atlantic,the,site of Titanic disaster.,Copyright,50,5.,表目的、伴随动作、原因、或结果的分词短语与句子其他成分之间,a.Perhaps the wolves were drawn in by the,smell of meat,cooking cover a fire,and into,contract into their rivals.,b.Tucked high in the canyon hills are aristocratic,retreats,over-looking some of the most,expensive real estate in the United States.,c.But for the Russian people,born to this giant,land,Europe is distant horizon beyond their,imagination.,Copyright,51,6.,不定式短语与句子其他成分之间,a.What exactly happened on that terrible night,to cause the death of one thousand of five,hundred and twenty-three men,women and,children?,b.Science is taking us back in time,to,witness the sinking of the unsinkable Titanic.,c.She is the first woman,to inherit the,Hasburg thrown,and few believe she can,keep it.,Copyright,52,7.,以,and,或,or,分隔的较长的句子成分之间,But youre not in the jungle of Bali,or even a,hidden sanctuary somewhere in Thailand.,b.He drags millions out of the Dark Ages,and forges a new nation.,c.It defies definition,and can only be described as unbelievable,capricious and dreamlike.,Copyright,53,8.,同位语与句子其他成分之间,The one exception:her devoted husband,Francis,duke of Lorraine.,9.,插入语与句子其他成分之间,a.At times,dogs appears to move and react,like wild animals,yet they are by definition,domesticated.,b.The instruments of death have pushed technology to the limits,in what has become,the Deadly Game.,Copyright,54,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,连读,失爆,Copyright,55,Skill 4,：,Dealing with weak forms of auxiliary verbs,助动词弱读在句子中的应用：,学会助动词的弱读，是掌握连读技巧的第一步。任何一种语言，在口语表达时，句子中的单词有重读、弱读这样的变化，句子听上去才生动、自然。英语也不例外。,1.,在英语中，哪些单词在句子中需要弱读呢？,一般情况下，助动词会明显地弱读。,Copyright,56,请看下面的例句，揣摩助动词在句中是如何被弱读的：,Do you come here a lot?,They werent expecting us.,Theyre having another argument.,We havent been told anything yet.,Copyright,57,2.,助动词弱读时的发音变化：,助动词弱读时，其发音与单词音标中的发音会有一些不同，快读时，他们发音会变为：,do you /dju/Im /aim/werent/wnt/,were /w/theyre /Ill /aiI/,being /bi/have /hv/was /w,z,/,theyve /ei/been /bin/well /wiI/,were /wi/be /bi/havent /hvn/,Copyright,58,Skill 5,：,Dealing with the weak form of“of”,1.,Of,的弱读形式：,of,在词典中的音标及它的重读形式为：,/v/,，而当它出现在句子中时，很少采取,strong form,而会采取其弱读形式，即,/v/,。,Copyright,59,2.of,与其他单词的连读,当,of,前面单词的最后一个音为辅音时，该辅音与,of,的弱读形式的起首元音,/,/,构成连读，可以构成一个音节来发音；同样道理，当,of,后面单词的第一个音为元音时，该元音与,of,弱读形式结尾的辅音,/v/,也构成连读。例如下面的短语：,a flightof stairs a pieceof furniture an itemof news,a pinchof salt a cartonof milk a barof chocolate,a bunchof flowers a bundleof sticks a suiteof room,a clusterof houses a touchof bitterness,Copyright,60,Skill 6,：,Dealing with the weak forms of prepositions,1.,处理好介词的弱读，会让您的英语听起来流利得多。,2.,常用介词在重读和弱读时的不同发音：,单词,重读形式,弱读形式,from,/frm/,/frm/,to,/tu/,/t/,of,/v/,/v/,at,/t/,/t/,for,/f/,/f/,Copyright,61,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,连读,失爆,Copyright,62,Skill 7,：,Dealing with sentence stress,语句重音（,sentence stress,）是指根据不同的交际需要而对句子的某个或者某些词加以强调。重音的特点是：发音用力较多，音量较大，时间较长。,重音分为：表意重音，逻辑重音及情感重音。,1.,表意重音：表意重音是指讲话人在没有受个人情感影响或没有特意将句中的某一信息加以强调的情况下，对句中所有实词一视同仁地加以强调。,实词包括：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问代词等；,虚词包括：介词、冠词、助动词、连词、人称代词等。如：,Copyright,63,a.In,general,we,emphasize,a,word,as we,stress,a,syllable,by,giving,it,more,force,longer,duration,and,higher pitch,.,b.I,believe,the,course,I have,followed,with,China,is the,one,thats,best,for,America,disagreeing,where we have,serious,disagreements,pursuing,our,common interest,s where I,thought,it was in the,interest,of the,United States,.(Bill Clinton),Copyright,64,2.,逻辑重音：逻辑重音又叫对比重音，指讲话人有意将句中的某个成分（一般只有一个，但也有两个的情况）与上下文当中的另一个成分相对比而给予的特殊强调。,此时，句中本来该重读的实词被读得快而弱，本来该弱读的虚词被减弱到几乎听不出来的程度。,Copyright,65,试比较一组,7,个句子：,1.I suggest you talk to her this,evening,.,2.I suggest you talk to her,this,evening.,3.I suggest you talk to,her,this evening.,4.I suggest you,talk,to her this evening.,5.I suggest,you,talk to her this evening.,6.I,suggest,you talk to her this evening.,7.,I,suggest you talk to her this evening.,Copyright,66,注意：虚词由于逻辑重音而重读时，应使用重读形式（,stressed form,），如：,-Would you like a cup of coffee to wake you up?,-A/ei/cup of coffee?I need two or three.,(,一杯怎么行？我要喝两三杯。,),3.,情感重音是指说话人在处于极为激动的情况下，对某个能表达其情感的词或词组给予超常规的强调。如：,We Chinese people are,unconquerable,.,Copyright,67,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,连读,失爆,Copyright,68,Skill 8,：,Dealing with linking,我们在听英语时，会发现漂亮的口语听起来流畅，有跳跃感和音乐感。这是由连读带来的效果。连读的规则如下：,1.,在语速较慢的语流中，意群内的辅音和元音可以统统连起来。如：,because of an air raid,应该读作,because of an air raid,/biKzvnreid/,when I was an undergraduate,应该读作,when I was an undergraduate,/weniwznndrdueit/,Copyright,69,2.,在正常或者较快的语速中，只要句子不太长（大约,15,个单词以内），其中所有的辅音都可以跟后面的元音连读，意群和意群之间也可以连读。如：,Please write it in English and give it to your uncle as soon as possible.,可以读作：,Please write it in English and give it to your uncle as soon as possible./plizrititiniglingivitjrklsunspsbl/,Copyright,70,3.,以字母,r,或者,re,结尾的单词在与紧跟其后的词首元音相连时，须加进一个,/r/,，这个,/r/,叫“连接,/r/”,。如,there is,可以读作,/riz/,，,fair enough,可以读作,/frinf/,等。此外，还有一种,/r/,叫“插入,/r/”,，即以,/,或,/,结尾的单词，即使没有字母,r,或,re,若其后紧跟着非重读元音，连读时中间要插入一个,/r/,。如：,drama and music /drmrnmjuzik/,Russia and China /rrntin/,law and order/lrnd/,Copyright,71,4.,元音和元音之间也可以连读，如词尾的,/u/,可以与其后面的词首元音相连，中间可以加一个,/w/,，如,blue eye/blui/,。这种情况最好是“含糊处理”，即不要把,/w/,读得太明显。,5.,词尾的,/i/,跟后面的词首元音相连时，可以在中间加一个,/j/,，如,tea and coffee,可以读作,/tijnkfi/,，又如,no fee or tuition,可以读作,/nufijtjuin/,Copyright,72,连读练习,write in English,not at all,all in all,the apple of his eye,a girl attendant,just a moment,check in,checked out,hold on,in spite of that,an apple a day,far away,there are,a couple of weeks ago,most important of all,Copyright,73,father and mother,here and there,for about a week,for instance,more and more,a number of,special English,burst into tears,level of difficulty,How are you?,He is interested in fine arts.,Am I right?,What about a drink?,The aim of a hotel is to create a home away from home.,Copyright,74,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,连读,失爆,Copyright,75,Skill 9,：,Dealing with loss of exposion,当前面一个单词的最后一个音是辅音，后面一个单词的第一个音也还是辅音，那么前面一个单词的最后一个辅音一般可以不发出来。,失爆练习,(,下划线部分为失爆部分,),a,t,most a,t,best a,t,present,a,t,night kee,p,track of sto,p,the car,ca,b,-driver kee,p,quiet kic,k,the ball,throughou,t,China goo,d,chance no,t,now nigh,t,train ge,t,through shoul,d,not,goo,d,night righ,t,there passpor,t,number,Copyright,76,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,连读,失爆,Copyright,77,Reading Skills,弱读,重读,语调,停顿,