高三-一轮复习-语法-形容词副词讲解.docx

形容词副词讲解
考场揭密①：近三年常考的形容词
ashamed惭愧的　accurate精确的　(un)acceptable(不)可接受的　accessible容易得到的；可进入的　amusing好玩的，逗的　amazing令人惊异的　attractive有吸引力的　annoying讨厌的，烦人的　anxious担心的；急切的　brilliant聪明的　brief简略的　casual随意的，漫不经心的　complicated复杂的　curious好奇的　delighted高兴的，愉快的　discouraged使丧气的　determined坚决的，坚定的　energetic精力充沛的　extraordinary非同寻常的　generous慷慨的　instructive指导性的，指示性的　independent独立的　infrequent不经常的　instant立即的　impatient不耐心的　modest谦虚的　negative否定的，负面的　potential潜在的　promising有前途的　restrictive限制的　ridiculous荒谬的　respectable值得尊敬的　scientific科学的　stressful有压力的　technological技术的　troublesome麻烦的，捣蛋的　urgent紧急的　unconcerned不关心的　worthless没用的　violent暴力的；猛烈的
考场揭密：②形容词、副词的常用结构
比较结构中放入一个名词时的语序问题常常让人感到棘手，但只要记住了以下句型，问题便能迎刃而解：
(1)as/so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋as
He is as honest a man as you.
(2)a/an＋比较级＋adj.＋单数名词＋than
This is a more interesting story than that one.
(3)as many＋复数名词＋as；as much＋不可数名词＋as
I can carry as much paper as you can.
(4)as much＋(a/an)＋名词＋as
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为教学既是一种艺术也是一门科学。

口诀：多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序
限定描绘大长高，
形状年龄和新老。
颜色国籍出材料，
作用类别往后靠。

介词的用法
介词with的用法主要有
1．表示“和……在一起”，“由……陪同”或“有……在场”
The students went to the farm with their teachers.
学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。
2．表示“随着……”
With time passing，they have grown into big boys and big girls.
随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
3．with后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况
He likes to sleep with the windows open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
4．表示“具有；带有；包括……在内”
China is a country with a long history.
中国是个历史悠久的国家。
5．表示原因或理由
The little girl was trembling with fear.
这个小女孩吓得发抖。

1． 动词＋介词
account for说明　agree on对……达成协议　begin with以……开始　come across碰见　go into调查　keep from阻止　look for寻找　stand for代表　agree with 同意(某人意见)　answer for对……负责　wait for等待　decide on对……作出决定　head for向……前进　live on靠……生活　look into调查　stick to坚持　agree to同意(某种安排等)　aim at针对　call for要求　get into进入　hear from接到……的信、电话　look after照顾　run into碰到　wait on招待
2．动词＋副词＋介词
add up to合计达……　come up with提出　get on with与……相处融洽　look down upon看不起　look up to敬仰(某人)　put up with忍受　come up against遭到反对　do away with废除　keep up with跟上　look forward to盼望　make up for弥补　stand out for坚决要求　come up to达到　get down to开始认真考虑　live up to不辜负(期望)　look out for当心　run out of用完　stick out for坚持要求
3．动词＋名词＋介词
catch sight of突然看见　make room for为……腾出地方　take pride in以……为荣　make friends with和……交朋友　pay attention to注意　show interest in对……感兴趣　make fun of取笑　take care of照顾　take part in参加

揭密常考的介词成语
(1)含有at的成语
at a time一次　at least至少　at the same time同时
at all costs不惜一切代价　at most至多　at times有时候　at first最初　at once立即　at will任意地　at last最后　at present目前　at work起作用
(2)含有by的成语
by accident偶然　by day/night白天/夜间　by heart能背诵　by turns轮流　by birth出身　by no means绝不　by chance偶然　by mistake错误地　by the way顺便说一下　by chance偶然　by mistake错误地　by the way顺便说一下
(3)含有in的成语
in a sense从某种意义上说　in case假使　in fact实际上　in one's opinion在某人看来　in other words换句话说　in short总之　in the long run从长远来看
in advance事先　in store必将发生　in general一般说来　in no time立刻　in public公开地　in vain徒劳　in time及时　in the meantime同时　in danger处于危险中　in turn轮流　in order井井有条　in return作为回报　in the end最后　in all总共
(4)含有on的成语
on average平均　on foot步行　on sale在出售　on the way在途中　on business出差　on holiday在休假　on strike罢工　on time准时　on duty值日　on behalf of代表　on the contrary相反　on the spot当场　on fire着火　on purpose故意地　on the other hand另一方面
(5)含有out of的成语
out of breath气喘吁吁　out of date过时　out of order发生故障　out of patience失去耐心　out of work失业　out of control失去控制　out of doors 在户外
out of question毫无疑问　out of reach拿不到　out of the question不可能　out of danger脱险　out of fashion不合时尚　out of luck倒霉　out of shape变形　out of touch失去联系

做并列连词的when和while
(1)when还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb was doing sth when...②sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when...③sb had just done sth when...如：
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，这时突然下起了雨。
(2)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：
He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。